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Austerity Debate a Matter of Degree
Keywords:
The IMF's changing views on the value of fiscal austerity. In the current debate about the value of fiscal austerity, there is the IMF view, a German view based on its own experience, and the views of other countries in Europe. The IMF's view has shifted over time. The IMF World Economic Outlook 2010, describes its view of the effects of austerity measures in the form of spending cuts and tax increases- "Fiscal consolidation typically has a contractionary effect on output. A fiscal consolidation equal to 1% of GDP typically reduces GDP by about 0.5% within 2 years and raises the unemployment rate by about 0.3% percentage points." Over the longer term there are benefits as the private sector is not crowded out in the search for captal funding by the excessive government borrowing. The IMF's economic models suggest that it would take 5 years before reaching the breakeven point when the benefits of austerity measures exceed the effects of austerity. The German view held by German central bankers is that the actions stimulate growth in the short term. Manfred Neumann, professor emeritus at the Institute for Economic Policy at the University of Bonn, says this is called the "German hypothesis" as it reflects the experience of Germany from austerity actions taken by Germany. Laurence Ball, professor of Economics at John Hopkins University, is critical of the "German hypothesis" and its application across Europe in different situations. Germany is a large exporting nation and exports helped counterbalance the effects of austerity measures. Within the eurozone with fixed exchange rates the exports of less competitive countries cannot be boosted through devaluing the currency to gain price competitiveness. The other problem is that with interest rates close to zero in the euro zone the central banks cannot cut rates aggressively to counteract the effects of spending cuts. The problem gets compounded when a number of countries are taking austerity measures at the same time accentuating the downturn.
IMF in the Eurozone financial crisis of 2010-2012
03/03/2010
Aid package to Greece and funds for other eurozone countries. The IMF's involvement in protecting the eurozone.
Grouped Articles
A Warning Light to Alert the I.M.F.
New York Times 09/21/2011
EU Dismisses IMF's Criticism On Greek Bailout
Wall Street Journal 06/07/2013
Policy âTroikaâ for Europe Financial Woes at Odds
New York Times 06/07/2013
Wall Street Journal 03/03/2010
Greece Can Learn IMF Austerity from Turkey
BusinessWeek 05/27/2010
Past Rifts Over Greece Cloud Talks on Rescue
Wall Street Journal 10/07/2013
IMF management- 2011-2015
05/18/2011
Grouped Articles
Congress Can Help the U.S. By Reforming The IMF
Wall Street Journal 03/25/2014
The U.S. Should Ratify Its Agreement to IMF Reform
Wall Street Journal 04/02/2014
Congress passes budget deal and heads home for the year - The Washington Post
Washington Post 12/19/2015
Acting Head Faces Host of Challenges
Wall Street Journal 05/18/2011
Economist's Rise on World Stage Was Marked by Repeated Setbacks
Wall Street Journal 05/20/2011
How the Strauss-Kahn Case Damages Europe
BusinessWeek 05/18/2011
The IMF and Italy
11/04/2011
Grouped Articles
Italy Agrees to Allow I.M.F. to Monitor Its Progress on Debt
New York Times 11/04/2011
Ailing Italy Accepts IMF Monitoring
Wall Street Journal 11/05/2011
Exit From Italian Debt Spurs Fears
Wall Street Journal 11/09/2011
Austerity Debate a Matter of Degree
Wall Street Journal 02/17/2012
Italy faces another year of recession as capital drains - The Washington Post
Washington Post 07/11/2012
Britain's new 2010 Budget marks a big change from the past.
05/13/2010
The UK Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, put forward a budget with a 25% spending cut by 2015 in all departments except health and international aid. This marks a huge departure in years of spending by the Labor governments. The new Conservative-Liberal coalition government is determined to take austerity measures to reduce the national debt.
Grouped Articles
Britain's accidental revolution
Economist 05/13/2010
U-Turn in the U.K.: Big Spending Cuts
Wall Street Journal 10/14/2010
Britain Details Radical Spending Cuts, Citing Debt
New York Times 10/20/2010
U.K. Plans New Taxes on Banks, Multinationals
Wall Street Journal 12/04/2014
Tough Slog to Balancing U.K.’s Budget
Wall Street Journal 12/04/2014
Overheard: Digging for Answers on Coal
Wall Street Journal 03/29/2015
Italy, Spain and austerity measures- 2011-2013
08/08/2011
Analysts point to the austerity measures adopted by Italy and Spain much earlier than other countries in the eurozone. The risk now is cutting into muscle as growth for 2011 is expected to be below 1% in both countries. Italy say analysts is actually in surplus when the interest on debt is excluded.
Grouped Articles
Italy Urged to Resist a Relapse in Spending
Wall Street Journal 05/03/2013
Still Sputtering, Spain Turns Away From Cuts
Wall Street Journal 05/12/2013
German Election Overturns Political Order
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
New York Times 11/03/2013
Saying No to Austerity, Spain Unveils Tax Cuts
New York Times 06/20/2014
European Finance Ministers Support Investment Program
New York Times 09/14/2014
Portugal's austerity measures and the financial crisis 2010-2015
09/27/2010
Collapse of the government in Portugal in 2011, after failing to win support for further austerity measures.
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 05/03/2013
Portugal Returns to Bond Market
Wall Street Journal 05/08/2013
Portugal Plans Cuts in Spending
Wall Street Journal 05/30/2013
Portugal's Government Thrust Into Turmoil
Wall Street Journal 07/03/2013
Lisbon Cabinet Shuffle Buoys Junior Coalition Party Leader
Wall Street Journal 07/08/2013
Portugalâs President Calls for Early Elections
New York Times 07/11/2013
Romania's austerity measures 2009-2013
02/07/2012
Grouped Articles
Favorite Concedes Presidency in Romania
New York Times 11/16/2014
Protests Drive Out Romania Premier
Wall Street Journal 02/07/2012
Austerity Debate a Matter of Degree
Wall Street Journal 02/17/2012
New York Times 02/19/2012
New York Times 04/26/2012
Vote in Romania Fells Government
Wall Street Journal 04/28/2012
The focus on competitiveness by economists, credit ratings agencies, and European leaders as austerity measures alone won't work
02/05/2011
Mario Monti focusses on the need for investing in the economy in an interview with German newspaper Die Welt during a January 2011 visit to Berlin. S&P economists and Nobel winner Stiglitz also emphasize this after a downgrade of France's credit rating- the need for improved competitiveness for the economies of France, Spain Portugal and Italy.
Grouped Articles
New York Times 09/25/2011
Wall Street Journal 05/29/2013
The Next First (and Only) 100 Days
New York Times 12/10/2011
A Proud Nation Ponders How to Halt Its Slow Decline
New York Times 08/24/2013
After a Recession in Portugal, the Tiny Green Fruits of Success
New York Times 08/28/2013
France Says It Will Miss Budget Deficit Targets
Wall Street Journal 09/12/2013
The impact of austerity measures on various parts of Britain.
07/03/2010
Impact of the Cameron government spending cuts across the UK.
Grouped Articles
U.K. Politicians Vie to Address Fall in Living Standards
Wall Street Journal 11/18/2013
British Towns and Institutions Reel From First Austerity Cuts
New York Times 08/09/2010
Radical Britain: The unlikely revolutionary
Economist 08/14/2010
As the Working Poor Become More Common in Britain, So Does Hunger
New York Times 01/02/2014
U-Turn in the U.K.: Big Spending Cuts
Wall Street Journal 10/14/2010
Jack Monroe Has Become Britain’s Austerity Celebrity
New York Times 01/14/2014
President Obama's U.S. Budget for fiscal 2012
02/10/2011
Grouped Articles
Budget Shell Games Are Contrary to Law
Wall Street Journal 07/14/2011
Obama's Budget: Something for Everyone to Hate
BusinessWeek 02/10/2011
Obama Budget Said to Trim Deficit by $1.1 Trillion
New York Times 02/12/2011
Budget Plan Marks Start of Long Fight on Spending
Wall Street Journal 02/14/2011
Voters Balk at Cuts Close to Home
Wall Street Journal 02/15/2011
The risk of an American government shutdown: Time to stop play-acting and spit out the tea
Economist 04/02/2011
What does Germany want from the Euro and the European Union? The Euro issue facing Germany in 2011-2015
03/03/2010
German political leaders do not want a "transfer union." At the same time they want to keep the European Union, just as much as Chancellor Kohl and Chancellor Adenauer. Merkel, Schroeder, Schauble and other leaders agree on the need for the European Union. The question is how to bring fiscal discipline to the EU, even if this means redesigning the structure of the EU. The vision of a united Europe persists.
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 03/03/2010
Germany's Surplus Isn't the Problem
Wall Street Journal 11/11/2013
New York Times 05/22/2014
Greek Crisis Shows How Germany’s Power Polarizes Europe
Wall Street Journal 07/07/2015
Economist 08/08/2015
Charlemagne: Germany’s euro question
Economist 09/10/2011
A warning light for Greece to exit the eurozone and return to the drachma to restore competitiveness and growth 2011-2012
05/26/2010
Greece needs to lower prices by 31% just to get to the level of Turkey, says the head of the Ifo research institute in Germany, Wener Sinn. Experts fear a breakdown in civil order inside Greece if deflation at this level occurs with Greece still using the euro. Hollande, the Socialist party candidate in France, also expressed similiar concerns, as reported in the New York Times, calling it a breakup in European governance that followed the breakdown in Greek governance. Sinn says the bondholders are overly exaggerating the risks of a breakup in the eurozone if Greece exits the euro.
Grouped Articles
Germany reaps rewards of entitlement cuts - The Washington Post
Washington Post 09/20/2011
New York Times 09/25/2011
New York Times 05/26/2010
New Attempt at French-German Amity Stumbles in Venice
Wall Street Journal 08/21/2013
German Election Overturns Political Order
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
Departing EADS Chief Urges Europe to Recommit to Industry
New York Times 04/12/2012
Antonis Samaras of Greece's New Democracy Party and the European Union programs for Greece
07/05/2011
Samaras says the tax increases will hurt the Greece economy and the shrinking Greek economy under the current program will lead to the failure of the E.U.'s program for Greece.
Grouped Articles
EU Dismisses IMF's Criticism On Greek Bailout
Wall Street Journal 06/07/2013
New York Times 06/23/2013
Fractious Greek Government Splits
Wall Street Journal 06/25/2013
Greek Draft Budget Sees Primary Surplus, Return to Growth
Wall Street Journal 10/14/2013
Athens's Love Affair With the Euro Persists
Wall Street Journal 11/04/2013
Next Hurdle for Greece's Economy: Its Own Political Uncertainty
New York Times 10/13/2014
Debt Restructuring for Greece- 2010-2012
04/18/2011
Grouped Articles
Policy âTroikaâ for Europe Financial Woes at Odds
New York Times 06/07/2013
Watch Athens, Not Paris, This Weekend
Wall Street Journal 05/04/2012
Expectations Grow for Greek Debt Restructuring
New York Times 04/18/2011
Wall Street Journal 04/20/2011
Investors Doubt Orthodoxy on Greek Debt
Wall Street Journal 05/02/2011
Greek Debt Talks Widen Divisions in the Euro Zone
Wall Street Journal 05/05/2011
Faces of recession battered Greece as new austerity programs are adopted by the government
06/28/2011
Grouped Articles
EU Dismisses IMF's Criticism On Greek Bailout
Wall Street Journal 06/07/2013
New York Times 11/03/2013
Greece’s prescription for a health-care crisis - The Washington Post
Washington Post 02/22/2014
Across Athens, Graffiti Worth a Thousand Words of Malaise
New York Times 04/15/2014
Greek Patience With Austerity Nears Its Limit
New York Times 12/29/2014
Greece’s new prime minister wants Germany to pay for Nazi war crimes - The Washington Post
Washington Post 01/26/2015
A Brady Plan type solution for the debt crises in Greece, Ireland, Portugal and other EU countries.
05/18/2010
Grouped Articles
EU Dismisses IMF's Criticism On Greek Bailout
Wall Street Journal 06/07/2013
Personalities Clashing Over How to Handle New Greek Bailout
New York Times 07/23/2015
Nervous Europe Trying to Halt Economic Crisis
New York Times 11/30/2010
Europe's Central Banker Seeks Deeper Fiscal Union
Wall Street Journal 06/03/2011
'Contagion' and Other Euro Myths
Wall Street Journal 12/02/2010
Greek Myths and the Euro Tragedy
Wall Street Journal 05/18/2010
Greece, debt and the new austerity budgets 2011-2013
12/10/2009
Grouped Articles
Greek Draft Budget Sees Primary Surplus, Return to Growth
Wall Street Journal 10/14/2013
Greek Patience With Austerity Nears Its Limit
New York Times 12/29/2014
Greece’s new prime minister wants Germany to pay for Nazi war crimes - The Washington Post
Washington Post 01/26/2015
Greece Wanted to Reframe Europe’s Austerity Debate. It Failed.
New York Times 07/01/2015
Mirage of Economic Turnaround Masked New Greek Crisis in the Making
Wall Street Journal 07/05/2015
Greece: Austerity Budget Passed
New York Times 12/25/2009
Greece: prospect of default on debt.
12/29/2009
Grouped Articles
Greece Defaults on IMF Loan Despite New Push for Bailout Aid
Wall Street Journal 07/01/2015
Greece, Missing I.M.F. Payment, Is Called Effectively in Default
New York Times 06/30/2015
Unknown 12/29/2009
Unknown 12/29/2009
The Worst May Not Be Over for Europe
New York Times 12/31/2009
New York Times 02/15/2010
Lack of competitiveness in the economy of Greece
01/29/2011
Grouped Articles
New York Times 09/25/2011
In Greece, a Brewer's Dream Runs Into Frustration
New York Times 01/29/2011
Gap in Competitiveness Weighs on Europe, Analysts Say
New York Times 01/15/2012
Greek Premier Is Tested in Impasse Over Pay Cuts
New York Times 02/03/2012
Wall Street Journal 02/14/2012
Germany's Inflated Fear of Inflation
Wall Street Journal 02/14/2012
Simon Johnson and other experts on the debt crisis in Europe.
04/15/2010
Simon Johnson, Peter Boone and other experts unravel the debt crisis in Greece and in other European countries to give a lucid explanation of what happened and what to expect.
Grouped Articles
New York Times 04/29/2010
Greece, the Latest and Greatest Bubble.
New York Times 04/29/2010
As Greek Drama Plays Out, Where Is Europe?
New York Times 04/29/2010
New York Times 04/30/2010
BusinessWeek 04/15/2010
Economist 04/29/2010
John Cochrane and other experts give a no-nonsense view of the bailouts and the financial crises facing Europe
12/02/2010
Insights that the real problem is short term debt financing. The need for the EU to insist on long tem debt financing for governments in Europe. The solution for this crisis is not in bailouts of Greece, Spain, Italy and so on, but to swap the short term debt for debt with longer term maturities, and for bondholders to take a haircut. Similiar to the Brady Plan for Latin America in the late 1980's. The bailout of Ireland in reality not a bailout of Ireland, as a bailout of German and British banks that made risky loans to Irish banks and the Irish government. The U.S. government's debt also tilted to short term debt and problems similar to European problems.
Grouped Articles
EU Dismisses IMF's Criticism On Greek Bailout
Wall Street Journal 06/07/2013
'Contagion' and Other Euro Myths
Wall Street Journal 12/02/2010
As Ireland Flails, Europe Lurches Across the Rubicon
Wall Street Journal 12/27/2010
Running the euro zone: Pact of uncompetitiveness
Economist 02/12/2011
Wall Street Journal 03/11/2011
Europe Needs to Apportion Pain
Wall Street Journal 03/17/2011
Similarities between the experience of Argentina in 2001 and the experience of Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain in 2010-2012
12/09/2010
The financial crisis in the euro-zone and a similar situation that prevailed in Argentina in 2001. Experts from that period are convinced that euro-zone bondholders will have to accept securities offering less interest and maturing over a longer period.
Grouped Articles
Greek Government Bonds Pay Off Big for Fund Managers
Wall Street Journal 10/28/2013
Argentine Farmers Reap Discontent
Wall Street Journal 05/29/2014
What Greece Faces if It Defaults
New York Times 04/29/2015
If Greece Defaults, Imagine Argentina, but Much Worse
New York Times 06/25/2015
The Argentina Veterans Eye the Euro Warily
BusinessWeek 12/09/2010
Government debt: Behold 2011, the year of sovereign shocks
Economist 12/18/2010
The 2010 austerity budget and the European financial crisis affecting Spain.
05/13/2010
The contagion effect affecting Spain after Greece and Portugal similar to the manner in which the Asian financial crisis spread during a prior decade.
Grouped Articles
New Spanish Budget Free of Austerity Measures
New York Times 09/27/2013
Saying No to Austerity, Spain Unveils Tax Cuts
New York Times 06/20/2014
Spain is simply shifting the problem
Wall Street Journal 05/14/2010
Amid Europe's challenges, citizens face lifestyle shifts
Wall Street Journal 05/14/2010
French Cracks Are Showing in Euro-Zone Core
Wall Street Journal 05/13/2010
Wall Street Journal 05/13/2010
Britain's perilous path with austerity cuts, inflation and lower economic growth- 2011-2015
06/22/2010
Grouped Articles
The economy: On a wing and a credit card
Economist 07/08/2013
U.K. Moves To Tackle Income Squeeze
Wall Street Journal 08/20/2013
The Curious Case of Britain's Economic Recovery
Wall Street Journal 10/21/2013
U.K. Politicians Vie to Address Fall in Living Standards
Wall Street Journal 11/18/2013
U.K. Government Prepares For Deep Budget Cuts
Wall Street Journal 06/22/2010
British Towns and Institutions Reel From First Austerity Cuts
New York Times 08/09/2010
The growing debate over bondholder haircut, easy money policies, sacrifices, and austerity policies.
11/25/2010
This debate puts British prime minister Cameron, and German chancellor Angela Merkel, on one side, with US President Obama, US central bank chairman Bernanke and other leaders on the other side. The blanket Irish guarantee of all Irish bank debt is an example of improper action that could have prevented the need for an Irish bailout, when guaranteeing only retail Irish bank debt would have worked. Merkel has insisted on bondholders sharing in bank losses, and tougher action required for countries receiving bailouts.
Grouped Articles
A Crisis Needing More Sacrifice
New York Times 11/25/2010
Crises Shake German Trust in Euro Zone
New York Times 11/26/2010
EU Outlines Bond Restructuring Plan
Wall Street Journal 11/28/2010
Europe Backs Irish Rescue and New Rules on Bailouts
New York Times 11/28/2010
Wall Street Journal 12/02/2010
'Contagion' and Other Euro Myths
Wall Street Journal 12/02/2010
Francois Hollande, Socialist party candidate for president in France, on the EU's handling of the debt crisis in Greece
06/30/2011
Francois Hollande says the EU mishandled the Greece crisis. Greece should have been handled as an extraordinary situation with earlier debt restructuring from public and private creditors to bring Greece's debt down to 60% of GDP. The current coordinated plan of the EU, ECB and the IMF only brings debt down to 120% of GDP in 2020. Hollande said he understands the need to reduce the budget deficit with cuts but without growth it can't work.
Grouped Articles
EU Dismisses IMF's Criticism On Greek Bailout
Wall Street Journal 06/07/2013
Policy âTroikaâ for Europe Financial Woes at Odds
New York Times 06/07/2013
French Candidate Hollande Assails European Policy on Greece
New York Times 02/13/2012
Athens Shaken by Riots After Vote for Greek Austerity Plan
New York Times 02/13/2012
Austerity Debate a Matter of Degree
Wall Street Journal 02/17/2012
Wall Street Journal 02/22/2012
The IMF and a new approach to Greece's debt crisis
04/28/2010
Christine Lagarde says Greece needs 2 more years to achieve deficit targets on Oct 11, 2013. She says the same approach of giveing more time to Portugal and Spain applies to Greece. This puts more pressure on Germany to provide new flexibility.
Grouped Articles
EU Dismisses IMF's Criticism On Greek Bailout
Wall Street Journal 06/07/2013
Policy âTroikaâ for Europe Financial Woes at Odds
New York Times 06/07/2013
Charlie Rose Talks to Christine Lagarde
BusinessWeek 04/28/2010
Greece Can Learn IMF Austerity from Turkey
BusinessWeek 05/27/2010
Past Rifts Over Greece Cloud Talks on Rescue
Wall Street Journal 10/07/2013
Watch Athens, Not Paris, This Weekend
Wall Street Journal 05/04/2012
Austerity measures facing European countries in 2011-2013
11/13/2011
Grouped Articles
German Election Overturns Political Order
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
New York Times 11/03/2013
The 'Silent Austerity' in Banking
Wall Street Journal 01/21/2014
How Righteousness Killed the World Economy
New York Times 10/12/2014
New York Times 11/30/2014
Austerity in Europe Brings Bitterness Unknown in Postwar Era
New York Times 11/13/2011
Ireland's austerity measures and banking crisis.
04/03/2009
Grouped Articles
In Ireland, Hope of Retroactive Relief
Wall Street Journal 06/29/2012
Ireland Faces Seventh Year of Austerity
Wall Street Journal 10/16/2013
Hardships Linger for a Mending Ireland
New York Times 12/11/2013
New York Times 04/03/2009
Support of Anglo Irish Bank Strains Ireland
New York Times 08/31/2010
Ireland Faces Battle Over Europe Stability Treaty
New York Times 05/01/2012
Italy's austerity measures- 2011-2013
06/30/2011
Grouped Articles
Italy Urged to Resist a Relapse in Spending
Wall Street Journal 05/03/2013
How Righteousness Killed the World Economy
New York Times 10/12/2014
EU Won’t Reject French, Italian Budgets
Wall Street Journal 10/28/2014
New York Times 11/30/2014
Italian Government Advances Austerity Plan
New York Times 06/30/2011
Wall Street Journal 07/12/2011
Poverty and hardship in Ireland after austerity measures by the government in 2010
01/04/2009
Grouped Articles
The New Generation Leaving Ireland
BusinessWeek 02/11/2010
Ireland Faces Seventh Year of Austerity
Wall Street Journal 10/16/2013
New York Times 04/03/2009
Ireland Faces Battle Over Europe Stability Treaty
New York Times 05/01/2012
Irish Cutbacks Pile It on for 'New Poor'
Wall Street Journal 11/27/2010
Ireland's new government: Enda the party
Economist 03/05/2011
Strikes and labor protest in Britain over austerity measures 2011-2012
08/14/2010
Grouped Articles
U.K.'s Labour Party Moves Back Toward Socialist Ideas
Wall Street Journal 09/25/2013
U.K. Politicians Vie to Address Fall in Living Standards
Wall Street Journal 11/18/2013
Radical Britain: The unlikely revolutionary
Economist 08/14/2010
Universities in Britain Brace for Cuts in Subsidies
New York Times 10/15/2010
Britain Details Radical Spending Cuts, Citing Debt
New York Times 10/20/2010
New York Times 10/21/2010
The IMF's changing views on the value of austerity measures and the "German hypothesis"
04/05/2009
The IMF's economic models suggest that it would take 5 years for the breakeven point at which the economic benefits of austerity measures start exceeding the costs of the measures in declining GDP and higher unemployment. The German view is that this can occur in the short term.
Grouped Articles
Policy âTroikaâ for Europe Financial Woes at Odds
New York Times 06/07/2013
German Election Overturns Political Order
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
Known for Tight Spending, I.M.F. May Have to Loosen Reins After G-20 Windfall
New York Times 04/05/2009
Germany Considers Remedies for Slowing Growth
Wall Street Journal 10/08/2014
Merkel Hints at Economic Policy Shift in Germany
New York Times 10/09/2014
How Righteousness Killed the World Economy
New York Times 10/12/2014
The twin problems of lack of growth under austerity plans and overvalued currencies of Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal
06/24/2011
The twin problems of lack of growth and overvalued currencies under the solutions of austerity plans without debt reduction and a single euro currency create impossible odds for a resolution of the eurozone financial crisis. Germany's insistence on tough austerity measures, European banks delaying restructuring of bad loans similar to the U.S. Brady plan, failure of politicians in Italy and Greece to take early action, and small steps by policymakers, are compounding the effects of the eurozone crisis.
Grouped Articles
German Election Overturns Political Order
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
New York Times 11/03/2013
Germany's Surplus Isn't the Problem
Wall Street Journal 11/11/2013
The 'Silent Austerity' in Banking
Wall Street Journal 01/21/2014
Italy Central Banker Is Open to 'Bad Bank'
Wall Street Journal 02/10/2014
Saying No to Austerity, Spain Unveils Tax Cuts
New York Times 06/20/2014
President Obama's U.S. Budget for fiscal 2013
07/14/2011
A budget document with an eye to the presidential election in 2012, but also one that reflects the Obama administration's priorities.
Grouped Articles
Budget Shell Games Are Contrary to Law
Wall Street Journal 07/14/2011
Wall Street Journal 02/14/2012
Wall Street Journal 02/14/2012
Obama Proposes 'Buffett Rule' for Wealthy
Wall Street Journal 02/14/2012
White House Proposes Cap on Wartime Spending
Wall Street Journal 02/13/2012
New York Times 02/13/2012
Why government fiscal discipline alone will not establish a sound financial framework for the Euro currency- the example of Spain
03/03/2010
Spain kept its deficits below the 3% mandated under EU treaties, till recently. Asset bubbles sustained because of bad lending by a country's banks and easy acess to credit from outside the country, are two problems not addressed by tighter budget controls in the revised rules being set after the Dec. 9 EU Summit. Spain's debt problem is to recapitalize these failing banks and debt of regional governments. Spain relied too much on a construction boom for growth, with productivity stalled. Ireland improved competitiveness and attracted foreign investment. This too unraveled in the face of an asset bubble from speculative lending by its banks.
Grouped Articles
New York Times 09/25/2011
Wall Street Journal 03/03/2010
German Optimism Depends On Spanish Deficits
Wall Street Journal 09/25/2013
Euro Zone Deficit Hits Target for First Time Since 2008
New York Times 04/23/2014
Spain's Example Shows Limits of EU Targets
Wall Street Journal 12/09/2011
The Euro Zone's Double Failure
Wall Street Journal 12/15/2011
Allan Meltzer's soluton for the financial crisis facing euro currency countries Portugal, Spain, Italy, Ireland and Greece
05/26/2010
Meltzer says a new currency union should be setup for the northern countries France, Germany, and others who commit to financial discipline and fiscally binding arrangements. The euro currency countries such as Italy and Greece should devalue their currency to fix gaps between wages and productivity in their countries. At a later stage these countries could be readmitted to the new currency union under strict fiscally binding arrangements with enforceable sanctions.
Grouped Articles
Germany reaps rewards of entitlement cuts - The Washington Post
Washington Post 09/20/2011
New York Times 09/25/2011
New York Times 05/26/2010
Wall Street Journal 09/14/2011
IMF Chief's Change of Tune on Bank Capital
New York Times 09/14/2011
Austerity in Italy May Not End Its Jobs-for-Votes System
New York Times 09/14/2011
Causes of the debt crisis in Greece and the failure to come to terms with the problem inside Greece
03/03/2010
A estimated one third of the workforce is in the public sector in Greece placing a large burden on the government budget. Nominal private sector labor costs went up by 62% in Greece compared to 15% in Germany for the period 2000-2008. Much of this was done through the government spending of borrowed money. The smaller private sector with only small productivity gains and the weak tax collection was never going to be able to support the large number of civil servants. Carney says the 30,000 reduction in the number of civil servants agreed to for 2010 has not been done, raising questions about implementation of the 150,000 in reductions required by the EU.
Grouped Articles
Greek Debt Crisis: The Back Story
New York Times 08/13/2011
Wall Street Journal 03/03/2010
Athens's Love Affair With the Euro Persists
Wall Street Journal 11/04/2013
BusinessWeek 06/24/2010
The Submarine Deals That Helped Sink Greece
Wall Street Journal 07/10/2010
In Greece, Bailout May Hinge on Pursuing Tycoons
New York Times 02/26/2015
Deficits as a percentage of GDP for Spain, Italy, Ireland, Portugal and Greece 2011-2013
04/30/2010
Grouped Articles
Italy Urged to Resist a Relapse in Spending
Wall Street Journal 05/03/2013
Europe to Vote on Tougher Rules for Currency
New York Times 09/27/2011
Portugal Plans Cuts in Spending
Wall Street Journal 05/30/2013
A Warning Light to Alert the I.M.F.
New York Times 09/21/2011
The Next Global Problem: Portugal
New York Times 04/30/2010
German Optimism Depends On Spanish Deficits
Wall Street Journal 09/25/2013
Greece and prime minister Papandreou's Nov. 3, 2011 referendum proposal on the euro and austerity plans
07/01/2011
Grouped Articles
Europe, Athens Battle for Greek Hearts and Minds Ahead of Referendum
Wall Street Journal 06/30/2015
Hopeful Start to Greek Debt Negotiations Quickly Soured
New York Times 07/02/2015
Greek Referendum on Offer That Is Off the Table Baffles Voters
New York Times 07/02/2015
Why Not Give the Greeks Their Say?
New York Times 11/03/2011
Greek Leader Calls Off Referendum
New York Times 11/03/2011
Call for Greek Vote Unsettles Europe
Wall Street Journal 11/02/2011
Why Portugal is different from Greece in 2012-2013, and yet may find its debt unsustainable as the economy shrinks- the situation in 2012-2013
04/30/2010
Portugal is taking vigorous steps without social unrest, including spending cuts that will stabilize the deficit, labor reform, and increasing exports through trading links to Africa and Latin America. Portugal needs to borrow about 10 billion euros in 2012 and the ratings downgrade has hurt Portugal by raising rates on new borrowing to about 20%. The economy is expected to shrink by 3% in 2012.
Grouped Articles
Ratings Gag Is No Joking Matter
Wall Street Journal 07/12/2011
Greece Gets New Bailout as U.S. Nears Brink
Wall Street Journal 07/22/2011
Portugal Returns to Bond Market
Wall Street Journal 05/08/2013
Idea of Euro Exit Finds Currency in Portugal
Wall Street Journal 05/27/2013
The Next Global Problem: Portugal
New York Times 04/30/2010
Portugal Emerges From Recession
Wall Street Journal 08/15/2013
German reaction to the debt crisis in Greece, Portugal, Spain and Italy.
04/09/2009
Germany said to be turning nationalistic in this crisis, seeing Germany's economic successes as its own, and not accepting the advantage of export markets in Europe in strengthening Germany's economic position.
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 03/03/2010
New York Times 11/03/2013
Germany's Surplus Isn't the Problem
Wall Street Journal 11/11/2013
How Italy's ENI Vastly Boosted Oil Output
BusinessWeek 04/09/2009
Greek Crisis Shows How Germany’s Power Polarizes Europe
Wall Street Journal 07/07/2015
New York Times 05/26/2010
How the German role in the eurozone crisis is viewed inside Germany, in Greece, Spain, Italy and the rest of Europe
05/26/2010
German media/public opinion and media/public opinion in other eurozone countries.
Grouped Articles
Elites Flock to Anti-Euro Party, Alternative for Germany
New York Times 04/14/2013
Germany reaps rewards of entitlement cuts - The Washington Post
Washington Post 09/20/2011
Germans Love Europe â But Not the Euro
New York Times 10/11/2011
New York Times 05/26/2010
Luxembourg Foots a Big Piece of the Greek Tab
BusinessWeek 05/27/2010
Germany's Surplus Isn't the Problem
Wall Street Journal 11/11/2013
Richard Portes of the London Business School and other experts on the failures inherent in the EU's June 2011 Greece debt plan
06/22/2011
The EU's decision to adopt the French Banking Federation's plan that would double the cost of servicing Greece's debt will only make matters worse. This means increasing interest rates from 4-6% currently to 10% under 2% Greek economic growth, and makes debt servicing untenable. The adoption of similiar plans in the case of Mexico and Argentina in 2001, ended in failure a year after they were adopted, with private creditors taking losses. Financial markets see this with interest rates on Greek debt at 26%. Contagion might turn out to be worse as the situation deteriorates further.
Grouped Articles
EU Dismisses IMF's Criticism On Greek Bailout
Wall Street Journal 06/07/2013
What Greece Faces if It Defaults
New York Times 04/29/2015
If Greece Defaults, Imagine Argentina, but Much Worse
New York Times 06/25/2015
Move Buys Time for Greece, But Growing Debt Looms
Wall Street Journal 07/01/2011
Greece Approves Tough Measures on Economy
New York Times 06/29/2011
Wall Street Journal 06/30/2011
The austerity spending cuts and new taxes in Greece- 2011-2012
06/28/2011
Grouped Articles
Greek Patience With Austerity Nears Its Limit
New York Times 12/29/2014
Greek Ship Owners Fear Syriza Tax Plan
Wall Street Journal 01/28/2015
Greece Wanted to Reframe Europe’s Austerity Debate. It Failed.
New York Times 07/01/2015
Mirage of Economic Turnaround Masked New Greek Crisis in the Making
Wall Street Journal 07/05/2015
Wall Street Journal 06/29/2011
Two-Day Strike in Greece Ahead of Austerity Vote
New York Times 06/28/2011
Reports from the streets and everyday life in Athens, Greece, as the economy collapses- 2011-2012
11/06/2011
Grouped Articles
In Greece, Economic Crisis Brings Rage and Paralysis
New York Times 11/06/2011
Greeks Balk at Paying New Property Tax
New York Times 11/27/2011
Wall Street Journal 02/14/2012
Austerity Debate a Matter of Degree
Wall Street Journal 02/17/2012
Wall Street Journal 02/22/2012
Greek Elections Seen Leading to Instability
Wall Street Journal 05/03/2012
Preparation for Greece's exit from the euro currency and return to the drachma- November 2011-2012
07/01/2011
Grouped Articles
‘Grexit’ Could Happen by Accident
Wall Street Journal 01/12/2015
New York Times 07/05/2015
New York Times 07/05/2015
Wall Street Journal 11/04/2011
Plan to Leave Euro for Drachma Gains Support in Greece
New York Times 11/01/2011
Europeâs Two Years of Denials Trapped Greece
New York Times 11/05/2011
The views of Axel Weber, former head of the Bundesbank, on the ECB's role and the need to address the underlying problems in Greece
04/19/2010
Axel Weber says the European Central Bank should stick to its mandate of setting monetary policy and not get too involved in the crisis in Greece. He says Greece's problems are structural and may take a long time to resolve, as much as 30 years. The European leaders have to decide on solving the underlying problems so that they cut the losses and restart, by offering debt guarantees and using partial creditor haircuts. Simply giving additional loans -which can never be repaid considering the debt of 350 billion euros ($496 billion)- or addding short term liquidity for a 3-5 year solution as European leaders have done so far, won't work.
Grouped Articles
EU Dismisses IMF's Criticism On Greek Bailout
Wall Street Journal 06/07/2013
German Court to Weigh Bond Buying by E.C.B.
New York Times 06/10/2013
Weber Sees Greece Needing More Aid
Wall Street Journal 04/19/2010
The 'Silent Austerity' in Banking
Wall Street Journal 01/21/2014
Not Quite Checkmate for the Bundesbank
Wall Street Journal 12/22/2014
Germany's Weber Slams Rescue Efforts
Wall Street Journal 06/27/2011
France's austerity plans and pension reform 2010-2014
06/16/2010
Grouped Articles
New York Times 11/10/2013
Hard times force French to work longer -- to age 62
Washington Post 06/16/2010
France's Lagarde Forecasts Austerity
Wall Street Journal 06/23/2010
French Unions Protest Pension-Age Overhaul
Wall Street Journal 09/08/2010
French Senate Passes Pension Bill
New York Times 10/22/2010
French Cabinet Is Dissolved, a Victim of Austerity Battles
New York Times 08/25/2014
The IMF's view on austerity measures, the "German hypothesis," and the British economy
02/17/2012
The IMF's view is that it could take 5 years before the breakeven point on the effects of austerity measures is reached and it turns positive. The "German hypothesis" based on German experience as an exporting nation is that the benefits come sooner in the short term. For Britain, which is not an exporting nation like Germany, the benefits from exports are likely to be limited when the rest of Europe is'seeing declining or stagnant growth. The IMF view means Britain may be faced with the costs of the Cameron-Osborne austerity measures till 2016.
Linked Articles
Britain's Economy Contracts More Than Predicted
New York Times 03/28/2012
Austerity Debate a Matter of Degree
Wall Street Journal 02/17/2012
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