World News Insights
1-3 Minute Gist
Search, personalize, or simply browse. Follow the world around you from gist and context to insights.
Who we are | Our Credo | Ways of using Lyrarc | FAQ | Send Feedback | First Letter From the Editor
Sign up. It's free and easy to use
Create an account
to personalize your feed of articles and topics.
All Topics Article
An American History Lesson for Europe
Keywords:
Thomas Sargent of New York University, the 2012 Nobel prize winner in economics, says the EU leaders can learn from the way the federal government in the U.S. handled the issue of state's debt when it came up in the 1790's and in 1840. In 1790 the federal government- under the leadership of Washington and Hamilton- saw the need to honor state's debt because of the contribution made by states in the war of independence and the U.S. assumed state's debt. In 1840 the U.S. refused to assume state's debt and states went into default. The result was beneficial because state's passed balanced budget rules and restrained reckless spending. Another benefit was that this preserved state rights to manage their finances and the federal structure setup under the constitution.
The American experience in dealing with debt of the states in 1790 and 1840 and lessons for the eurozone
02/03/2012
The federal government in the U.S. took on state debt in the 1790's on the grounds that this was incurred in the fight for independence. In 1840 the federal government refused to assume state debt and the states defaulted on their debt. The result says Sargent were beneficial because the states passed balanced budget rules to avoid reckless spending and this helped preserve states rights to manage their finances. This has lessons for the EU and the ECB as it deals with the crisis in Greece and other states with reckless spending, says Sargent.
Grouped Articles
An American History Lesson for Europe
Wall Street Journal 02/03/2012
Wall Street Journal 07/18/2012
E.C.B. Sees a Healing Euro Zone but Warns of Risks
New York Times 12/14/2012
Germany's Constitutional Court and the EU bailouts
09/07/2011
Germany's Constitutional Court and EU bailouts of Greece, Portugal, Ireland and other countries in the EU. The Court ruled that the bailouts were legal under German law. It also required that future bailouts would have to be approved by a parliamentary committee. This does not preclude bailout loans as the Merkel government has support for its moderate position in the parliamentary committees.
Grouped Articles
German Court to Weigh Bond Buying by E.C.B.
New York Times 06/10/2013
Greek Bailout Cost Hampers Prospects of Deal
Wall Street Journal 07/11/2015
Washington Post 09/07/2011
New York Times 12/01/2011
Deepening Crisis Over Euro Pits Leader Against Leader
Wall Street Journal 12/30/2011
An American History Lesson for Europe
Wall Street Journal 02/03/2012
The 2011 Christian Democratic Union Party Convention in Leipzig, Germany
07/13/2011
It was at the 2003 CDU convention in Leipzig that Angela Merkel told delegates that the CDU would return Germany to it position of economic leadership in Europe.
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 07/13/2011
Merkel Offers Her Election Manifesto
New York Times 06/24/2013
Greek Crisis Shows How Germany’s Power Polarizes Europe
Wall Street Journal 07/07/2015
Merkel Party Seeks Euro Exit Policy
Wall Street Journal 11/15/2011
Merkel Urges Party to Help Save Euro
Wall Street Journal 11/14/2011
European Bank Chief Pushes Back
Wall Street Journal 11/19/2011
The Sarkozy-Merkel meeting in Deauville, France, October 18, 2010, that sets the stage for a closer union for the EU.
12/27/2010
Germany and France make the momentous decision to move forward with a closer fiscal union of the 16 nation European Union. The efforts to build anew the conditions for the Euro to succeed. The vision of a united Europe persists.
Grouped Articles
New Attempt at French-German Amity Stumbles in Venice
Wall Street Journal 08/21/2013
Germans Respond to Merkel's 'Motherly' Side
Wall Street Journal 08/23/2013
German Election Overturns Political Order
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
New York Times 05/22/2014
Economist 11/11/2015
As Ireland Flails, Europe Lurches Across the Rubicon
Wall Street Journal 12/27/2010
The IMF and a new approach to Greece's debt crisis
04/28/2010
Christine Lagarde says Greece needs 2 more years to achieve deficit targets on Oct 11, 2013. She says the same approach of giveing more time to Portugal and Spain applies to Greece. This puts more pressure on Germany to provide new flexibility.
Grouped Articles
EU Dismisses IMF's Criticism On Greek Bailout
Wall Street Journal 06/07/2013
Policy âTroikaâ for Europe Financial Woes at Odds
New York Times 06/07/2013
Charlie Rose Talks to Christine Lagarde
BusinessWeek 04/28/2010
Greece Can Learn IMF Austerity from Turkey
BusinessWeek 05/27/2010
Past Rifts Over Greece Cloud Talks on Rescue
Wall Street Journal 10/07/2013
Watch Athens, Not Paris, This Weekend
Wall Street Journal 05/04/2012
Debt Restructuring for Greece- 2010-2012
04/18/2011
Grouped Articles
Policy âTroikaâ for Europe Financial Woes at Odds
New York Times 06/07/2013
Watch Athens, Not Paris, This Weekend
Wall Street Journal 05/04/2012
Expectations Grow for Greek Debt Restructuring
New York Times 04/18/2011
Wall Street Journal 04/20/2011
Investors Doubt Orthodoxy on Greek Debt
Wall Street Journal 05/02/2011
Greek Debt Talks Widen Divisions in the Euro Zone
Wall Street Journal 05/05/2011
Greece: prospect of default on debt.
12/29/2009
Grouped Articles
Greece Defaults on IMF Loan Despite New Push for Bailout Aid
Wall Street Journal 07/01/2015
Greece, Missing I.M.F. Payment, Is Called Effectively in Default
New York Times 06/30/2015
Unknown 12/29/2009
Unknown 12/29/2009
The Worst May Not Be Over for Europe
New York Times 12/31/2009
New York Times 02/15/2010
How the German role in the eurozone crisis is viewed inside Germany, in Greece, Spain, Italy and the rest of Europe
05/26/2010
German media/public opinion and media/public opinion in other eurozone countries.
Grouped Articles
Elites Flock to Anti-Euro Party, Alternative for Germany
New York Times 04/14/2013
Germany reaps rewards of entitlement cuts - The Washington Post
Washington Post 09/20/2011
Germans Love Europe â But Not the Euro
New York Times 10/11/2011
New York Times 05/26/2010
Luxembourg Foots a Big Piece of the Greek Tab
BusinessWeek 05/27/2010
Germany's Surplus Isn't the Problem
Wall Street Journal 11/11/2013
Similarities between the experience of Argentina in 2001 and the experience of Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain in 2010-2012
12/09/2010
The financial crisis in the euro-zone and a similar situation that prevailed in Argentina in 2001. Experts from that period are convinced that euro-zone bondholders will have to accept securities offering less interest and maturing over a longer period.
Grouped Articles
Greek Government Bonds Pay Off Big for Fund Managers
Wall Street Journal 10/28/2013
Argentine Farmers Reap Discontent
Wall Street Journal 05/29/2014
What Greece Faces if It Defaults
New York Times 04/29/2015
If Greece Defaults, Imagine Argentina, but Much Worse
New York Times 06/25/2015
The Argentina Veterans Eye the Euro Warily
BusinessWeek 12/09/2010
Government debt: Behold 2011, the year of sovereign shocks
Economist 12/18/2010
The logjam between the bondholders (mostly French and German banks) and the German government- 2010-2012
07/01/2011
The roots of the Eurozone financial crisis go back to the issue of who should pay for the excess lending of French and German banks. Will it be the German taxpayer or the banks that took excessive risks? German financial experts, the German government and parliament, German public opinion, are all adamantly opposed to letting the banks off without sharing at least 50% of the costs of a bailout. A review done by the European Commission in coordination witht he IMF and the ECB, shows that from May 2010 (the date for the inception of the aid program to Greece) to September 2011, $52 billion of the $91 billion loaned to Greece went to pay bondholders for bonds that came due. The July 2011 EU agreement for Greece called for 21% of losses to be allocated to the bondholders. The German government is pushing for 50% and German parlamentary leaders in Merkel's party are balking at anything less.
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 07/13/2011
New York Times 04/13/2013
Policy âTroikaâ for Europe Financial Woes at Odds
New York Times 06/07/2013
Most Greek bailout money has gone to pay off bondholders - The Washington Post
Washington Post 10/23/2011
Dexiaâs Collapse in Europe Points to Global Risks
New York Times 10/22/2011
European Officials Shaping Greek Rescue and Effort to Aid Banks
New York Times 10/22/2011
Angela Merkel's handling of the financial crises in eurozone countries
04/29/2010
The German response to the debt crisis in the eurozone and the events in 2011-2012.
Grouped Articles
As Greek Drama Plays Out, Where Is Europe?
New York Times 04/29/2010
Germany Clears Rescue for Greece
New York Times 05/03/2010
Economist 05/13/2010
Germans Respond to Merkel's 'Motherly' Side
Wall Street Journal 08/23/2013
Merkel Wins Big in German Election
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
Germany's Surplus Isn't the Problem
Wall Street Journal 11/11/2013
What does Germany want from the Euro and the European Union? The Euro issue facing Germany in 2011-2015
03/03/2010
German political leaders do not want a "transfer union." At the same time they want to keep the European Union, just as much as Chancellor Kohl and Chancellor Adenauer. Merkel, Schroeder, Schauble and other leaders agree on the need for the European Union. The question is how to bring fiscal discipline to the EU, even if this means redesigning the structure of the EU. The vision of a united Europe persists.
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 03/03/2010
Germany's Surplus Isn't the Problem
Wall Street Journal 11/11/2013
New York Times 05/22/2014
Greek Crisis Shows How Germany’s Power Polarizes Europe
Wall Street Journal 07/07/2015
Economist 08/08/2015
Charlemagne: Germany’s euro question
Economist 09/10/2011
The experience of integrating East Germany into a reunited Germany and a tighter union for the EU
09/30/2010
German chancellor Merkel's own experience with the integration of east Germany- the price paid and the effort needed from both parts of Germany- is relevant to the project for building a tighter framework for the European Union. A special reunification tax generated 1.7 trillion euros to finance the effort and rebuild the eastern part of Germany.
Grouped Articles
For Some Germans, Unity Is Still Work in Progress
New York Times 09/30/2010
In a United Germany, the Scars of the East-West Divide Have Faded
New York Times 10/02/2015
Merkel's Defense of Euro Forged in East Germany
New York Times 01/30/2011
Portugal Premier: No Bailout Needed
Wall Street Journal 02/04/2011
Merkel Taps Adviser to Head Bundesbank
Wall Street Journal 02/17/2011
Germany's economy: Angela in Wunderland
Economist 02/05/2011
IMF in the Eurozone financial crisis of 2010-2012
03/03/2010
Aid package to Greece and funds for other eurozone countries. The IMF's involvement in protecting the eurozone.
Grouped Articles
A Warning Light to Alert the I.M.F.
New York Times 09/21/2011
EU Dismisses IMF's Criticism On Greek Bailout
Wall Street Journal 06/07/2013
Policy âTroikaâ for Europe Financial Woes at Odds
New York Times 06/07/2013
Wall Street Journal 03/03/2010
Greece Can Learn IMF Austerity from Turkey
BusinessWeek 05/27/2010
Past Rifts Over Greece Cloud Talks on Rescue
Wall Street Journal 10/07/2013
Expert opinion on the issuance of Eurobonds by the ECB to support Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece
11/22/2011
Grouped Articles
German Court to Weigh Bond Buying by E.C.B.
New York Times 06/10/2013
German Election Overturns Political Order
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
European Central Bank Head, Draghi, Has New Powers
New York Times 07/02/2012
Wall Street Journal 11/22/2011
Amid crisis, Italy confronts a culture of tax evasion - The Washington Post
Washington Post 11/25/2011
Europe's Currency Road to Nowhere
Wall Street Journal 11/29/2011
Greece's debt crisis in 2012 after the agreement with private creditors to take 50% of the losses on Greek bonds is not enough to reduce debt to sustainable levels
06/30/2011
Bondholders accepting 50% of losses- as agreed with EU leaders in Nov-Dec 2011 -will not be enough for Greece to meet its debt obligations, because of a fast deteriorating economy. By March 20, 2012, 14.5 billion euros of bonds come up for repayment or refinancing. More money will be needed from the EU. The voluntary exchange by private creditors of existing bonds for new bonds with 50% face value and maturing over a longer period will be made under an agreement using English law. This will be harder to change in the future, putting the burden on any future financing shortfall on EU countries unwilling to make further commitments to Greece.
Grouped Articles
Greek Bonds Soar After Fitch Upgrade
Wall Street Journal 05/15/2013
EU Dismisses IMF's Criticism On Greek Bailout
Wall Street Journal 06/07/2013
Policy âTroikaâ for Europe Financial Woes at Odds
New York Times 06/07/2013
Greek Government Bonds Pay Off Big for Fund Managers
Wall Street Journal 10/28/2013
Europe Fears Rising Greek Cost
Wall Street Journal 01/11/2012
Wall Street Journal 01/14/2012
Preparation for Greece's exit from the euro currency and return to the drachma- November 2011-2012
07/01/2011
Grouped Articles
‘Grexit’ Could Happen by Accident
Wall Street Journal 01/12/2015
New York Times 07/05/2015
New York Times 07/05/2015
Wall Street Journal 11/04/2011
Plan to Leave Euro for Drachma Gains Support in Greece
New York Times 11/01/2011
Europeâs Two Years of Denials Trapped Greece
New York Times 11/05/2011
We took a different way to help millions around the world build educated informed mindsets that affects and shapes their lives. For a future that is open, global and digital, with everyone having access to high quality information. We believe in the renewal of America, renewal of Europe, the renewal of India, the rest of Asia, Latin America and Africa. The renewal of our supply chains, health, education, infrastructure, as we rebuild our countries after the pandemic. Literacy and knowledge we believe cannot thrive and grow in a world of web bots, web crawlers, or AI. This requires human curiosity, human learning, and human imagination. We take as inspiration the saying- “One has to be free, and as broad as sky. One has to have a mind that is crystal clear, only then can truth shine in it.” Every contribution whether big or small is precious- in this crisis and ahead.
Support Lyrarc from as small as $1
Terms and Conditions | Copyright Policy | Privacy Policy | Contact Us