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Bank-Bailout Lessons
Keywords:
Five rules the editors of the WSJ say should be followed when working on cleaning up the banking system. A clear no, as Krugman and other experts point out is for the government to make the rather imprudent move to take on all the debts of the banks as in Ireland. A second rule is not to underestimate the size of the problem and delay action till the problem gets much worse, when its harder to deal with. ECB president, Mario Draghi, pointed out the problem at Spain's handling of Bankia bank as a clear example, telling the European parliament recently: "There is a first assessment, then a second, a third, a fourth. This is the worst possible wayof doing things. Everyone ends up doing the right thing, but at the highest cost." A third rule is to set clear rules about banks, who gets rescued and who gets closed and why- so that its not left upto the discretion of officials. On this rule Spain's outgoing Zapatero administration gets good marks from WSJ for settting clear rules to the cajas svings banks. A fourth rule applicable to Europe is to first setup the expertise and conditions for a European banking regulator before setting up a banking union and direct injection of funds by the EFSF into banks of individual countries. A fifth rule is to avoid creating even larger mega banks by consolidating failing banks with large banks, and continuing the government's implicit guarantee of the bank because it is "too big to fail" and creates systemic risk- this is the situation after action by the U.S. Federal Reserve, regulators and the U.S. Treasury.
Rules for banking system cleanup from editors of WSJ and experts that were broken in 2008-2012
06/01/2012
Rule 1 of government not taking on debts of banks was broken in Ireland. Rule 2 of banks not delaying cleanup was broken in Spain with Bankia, and by the EU, Germany and France for troubled countries, increasing the cost of cleanup. Rule 4 for setting up a banking regulator first before injecting funds into troubled banks, was broken by the EU, EFSF, Germany and France for troubled countries. Rule 5 of merging failed banks into other banks creating even bigger "too big to fail banks," was broken in the U.S.
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 06/01/2012
Wall Street Journal 09/03/2012
Five rules to follow from editors of WSJ for cleaning up the banking system from the experience of 2008-2012
04/01/2009
Five rules from the editors of the WSJ on the mistakes to avoid in cleaning up the banking system after a housing bubble or other problems. The best way to approach the bailout or nationalization of failing banks.
Grouped Articles
Irreversible Damage: Why Little Action on Banking Can Do Great Harm.
New York Times 04/30/2010
New York Times 04/01/2009
Wall Street Journal 06/01/2012
Commerzbank and the German government's bailout funds
01/09/2009
Grouped Articles
Germany Will Get a 25% Stake in Commerzbank
Wall Street Journal 01/09/2009
Commerzbank Likely to Pay More than $1 Billion to Settle Probes
Wall Street Journal 12/12/2014
Wall Street Journal 12/15/2011
3 Big European Banks Post Losses
New York Times 02/23/2012
Greek Bond Deal Makes German Banker See Red
Wall Street Journal 02/24/2012
Red Flags said to Go Unheeded at Chase
New York Times 05/14/2012
EU's bailout of Ireland
11/17/2010
Grouped Articles
In Ireland, Hope of Retroactive Relief
Wall Street Journal 06/29/2012
Greece Gets New Bailout as U.S. Nears Brink
Wall Street Journal 07/22/2011
Ireland's Bailout Balancing Act
Wall Street Journal 11/23/2010
Irish government, seeking bailout, unveils $20 billion in spending cuts, taxes
Washington Post 11/24/2010
BusinessWeek 11/17/2010
EU Outlines Bond Restructuring Plan
Wall Street Journal 11/28/2010
Government Bailout of AIG
02/24/2009
The burgeoning cost of bailing out AIG. The cost is approaching $200 billion and is the costliest corporate bailout so far.
Grouped Articles
Cost of Bailouts Continues to Decline
Wall Street Journal 05/10/2013
Wall Street Journal 06/16/2015
In A.I.G. Case, Surprise Ruling That Could End All Bailouts
New York Times 06/15/2015
Ex-A.I.G. Chief Wins Bailout Suit, but Gets No Damages
New York Times 06/15/2015
AIG Seeks to Ease Its Bailout Terms
Wall Street Journal 02/24/2009
Any Takers for AIG's Asian Arm?
Wall Street Journal 02/25/2009
Government Bailout of Citigroup.
11/26/2008
The government bailout of Citigroup as it posts huge losses and its stock price sinks.
Grouped Articles
Citigroup Hits 'Penny Stock' Realm
Wall Street Journal 03/06/2009
Wall Street Journal 07/15/2014
How Citi's Fortunes are Tied to Housing's
BusinessWeek 11/26/2008
H-P, Citi Debt Offerings Bring in Billions
Wall Street Journal 12/03/2008
Citigroup Takes First Step Toward Breakup
Wall Street Journal 01/10/2009
Citigroup Ready to Shrink Itself by a Third
Wall Street Journal 01/14/2009
RBS and Lloyd's Banking Group and reckless management.
09/17/2007
Royal Bank of Scotland and Lloyd's banking Group were part of the U.K. bank bailout. This was a case of poor decisions, reckless management and excessive risk taking without attention to possible consequences. Cameron and Osborne of the Conservatives and Mervyn King of the Bank of England voiced criticism of these behaviours that has cost the British taxpayer.
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 06/13/2013
New York Times 06/12/2013
The future of Lloyds: Stuff happened
Economist 09/25/2010
Past Sins Haunting Royal Bank of Scotland
New York Times 01/27/2014
Legal Costs Set to Put RBS in the Red
Wall Street Journal 01/28/2014
Wall Street Journal 01/28/2014
Actions taken by Spain's government of Mariano Rajoy to improve the competitiveness of the economy- 2012-2014
02/08/2012
Grouped Articles
Spain Emerges From Recession but Sees More Austerity Ahead
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
Departing EADS Chief Urges Europe to Recommit to Industry
New York Times 04/12/2012
Spain Plans to Burn Its Bridges to Keep Vacationers on the Job
Wall Street Journal 02/08/2012
Spain Approves Changes to Labor Policy
New York Times 02/10/2012
Germany's Inflated Fear of Inflation
Wall Street Journal 02/14/2012
The Rest of Europe vs. Germany
New York Times 02/16/2012
Spain's cleanup of bad bank assets under prime minister Rajoy in 2012-2013
09/28/2011
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2011
Spain Emerges From Recession but Sees More Austerity Ahead
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
Spain Weighing a Fast, Costly Cleanup of Banks
Wall Street Journal 12/07/2011
Why European Banks Are Sacrificing Growth
BusinessWeek 12/15/2011
Spain's Rajoy Takes Aim at Deficit
Wall Street Journal 12/20/2011
A Central Bank Doing What Central Banks Do
New York Times 12/21/2011
Krugman and other experts on the decision of the government of Ireland to guarantee all the debt of its runaway banks.
08/31/2010
This decision has burdened the Irish people with the debt that banks incurred in a burst of speculative frenzy in real estate. This was possible as bankers were working together with politicians and developers. German and British banks made poor lending decisions and loaned money freely to Irish banks. Banks should share in these losses but the decision of the Irish government has put the burden on the people of Ireland, with a third year of severe austerity cuts in the face of a 14% unemployment rate. The investigation into Anglo Irish Bank.
Grouped Articles
In Ireland, Hope of Retroactive Relief
Wall Street Journal 06/29/2012
Support of Anglo Irish Bank Strains Ireland
New York Times 08/31/2010
New York Times 11/25/2010
The Road to Economic Crisis Is Paved With Euros
New York Times 01/12/2011
Europe Needs to Apportion Pain
Wall Street Journal 03/17/2011
Tests Show Irish Banks Still Ailing
New York Times 03/30/2011
Initial public offering planned for Spain's Bankia bank
03/11/2011
Efforts to recapitalize Spain's savings banks.
Grouped Articles
Spanish Banks More Vulnerable Than Italy's
Wall Street Journal 07/13/2011
Investors in Bankia to Sue Bank of Spain Over Losses
New York Times 05/09/2013
Spain's Bankia Returns to Profit
Wall Street Journal 02/04/2014
Spain Launches Privatization of Bankia
Wall Street Journal 02/28/2014
A Former IMF Leader Tackles IPO Challenge
Wall Street Journal 06/08/2011
In Spanish, Bankia Starts Wooing IPO Investors
Wall Street Journal 07/01/2011
Recapitalization of Banks in the U.K. and the U.S.
09/29/2008
With Gordon Brown's initiative in the UK and Secretary Paulson shifting TARP1 focus to injecting capital into struggling banks, the focus shifted to this in the last quarter of 2008.
Grouped Articles
Cost of Bailouts Continues to Decline
Wall Street Journal 05/10/2013
Barclays Plans to Issue New Shares
Wall Street Journal 07/29/2013
Barclays Emerges From the Doghouse
Wall Street Journal 07/29/2013
Barclays Aims to Fill Expensive Hole
Wall Street Journal 07/30/2013
Plan to Help Banks Clear Their Books Is Halted
New York Times 06/04/2009
European Regulators Move Swiftly to Rescue Two Lenders
New York Times 09/29/2008
Five Rules for tackling the economic crisis and how Spain was slow to act compared to more aggressive steps in Britain and France
09/28/2011
One of the "must do" critical rules is that strong aggressive action and sound steps be taken early when borrowing rates are still favorable and there is time to respond and bring the debt situation under control. French prime minister Ayrault puts this succintly: "If we don't put a stop to this taxpayer money will keep going to pay for debt reimbursement." Britain has an extra margin of safety because of its established banking systems and experience, France because of support from Germany, a stronger economy and industry-government cooperation, Spain and Italy lack this extra margin of safety and needed even more vigilance and aggressive steps.
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2011
Wall Street Journal 06/01/2012
In U.K. Election, It’s Jobs Boom vs. Stagnant Wages
Wall Street Journal 05/07/2015
France Raises Taxes in Tough Budget
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2012
France's New Budget Focuses on Cutting Deficit
New York Times 09/28/2012
Spain Needs $76 Billion to Recapitalize Its Banks, Audit Finds
New York Times 09/28/2012
A Citigroup restructuring plan, and bank restructuring plans that were never developed by Treasury Secretary Geithner for President Obama
01/02/2009
Ron Suskind documents the making of key economic decisions in the Obama White House from 700 hours of interviews in his new book released in Sept 2011: "Confidence Men: the Obama White House, Wall Street and the Education of a President." In the book he says Obama asked Geithner to develop a plan for restructuring Citigroup after the bailout of Citi. A month later he followed up in a meeting, and was told by Romer at a meeting Geithner did not atttend, that no plan had been developed. The President's response was "it better be." Geithner says he was asked to do so but "fortunately there was never a need to put them in place."
Grouped Articles
New York Times 05/16/2010
A Conflict in Geithner's New Job- Not Exactly
New York Times 11/18/2013
Charlie Rose Talks to Robert Reich
BusinessWeek 10/21/2010
A Stress Test for the Latest Bailout Plan
New York Times 02/14/2009
Citigroup Hits 'Penny Stock' Realm
Wall Street Journal 03/06/2009
Obama, Geithner Get Low Grades From Economists
Wall Street Journal 03/11/2009
EFSF S&P ratings downgrade to AA+ from AAA
08/08/2011
The European Financial Stability Mechanism was downgraded by S&P to AA+ on Feb. 16, 2012. This is the bailout fund in the eurozone financial crisis.
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 08/08/2011
S&P Cuts Rating on Europe's Bailout Fund
Wall Street Journal 01/17/2012
Questions Mount for Europe Bailout Fund
Wall Street Journal 01/17/2012
Euro Crisis Calls for Mix of Moves
Wall Street Journal 05/26/2012
Wall Street Journal 06/01/2012
Rating Changes Ripple Through Bailout Funds
Wall Street Journal 07/24/2012
Fears that Basel III and European Banking Authority E.U. Stress Tests may not adequately reflect the risks on banks balance sheets.
01/21/2010
The situation after bailout of Irish banks in November 2010 by the EU. The Irish banks had passed European stress tests. Portuguese and Spanish banks may face a similar situation.
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 07/16/2011
Europe Fails Another Stress Test
Wall Street Journal 07/16/2011
The Battle Over Bank Rules at Basel III
BusinessWeek 05/27/2010
Wall Street Journal 09/13/2010
Basel Rules Unlikely to Force Capital Raising
Wall Street Journal 09/14/2010
Wall Street Journal 09/14/2010
Fine Print in the $700 billion bailout plan and the wide authority to interpret
10/12/2008
The fine print in the $700 billon bailout plan passed by Congress says that Treasury can buy "any instrument" giving it wide authority to interpret as necessary to tackle the financial crisis. Alan Blinder a former Fed vice chairman takes a look at it.
Grouped Articles
Got $700 Billion? Sweat the Details
New York Times 10/12/2008
Wall Street Journal 07/27/2009
A Year After a Cataclysm, Little Change on Wall St.
New York Times 09/12/2009
Bill Shields Most Banks From Review
New York Times 10/16/2009
Wall Street Journal 06/01/2012
Ireland's banks after the EU bailout
08/31/2010
Grouped Articles
Support of Anglo Irish Bank Strains Ireland
New York Times 08/31/2010
Ireland's Banks Are in Position to Shrink
Wall Street Journal 11/23/2010
Tests Show Irish Banks Still Ailing
New York Times 03/30/2011
Ireland's Bonds Downgraded to Junk
Wall Street Journal 07/13/2011
Fear, Rumors Pummel Europe Bank Shares
Wall Street Journal 08/11/2011
Sean Quinn and Irelandâs Boom and Bust
New York Times 01/07/2012
Russia's banking bailout
07/28/2011
Bailout of the Bank of Moscow in 2011 cost $14 billion.
Grouped Articles
Russia’s Well for Corporate Bailouts Appears to Be Running Dry
New York Times 03/09/2015
The Russian Edition of Too Big to Fail
BusinessWeek 07/28/2011
Sberbank Looks to Buy Banks in Eastern Europe
New York Times 04/13/2012
Wall Street Journal 06/01/2012
Spain under the new administration of Mariano Rajoy in 2012-2018
11/16/2011
The Partido Popular under Mariano Rajoy is expected to win a large majority in Spain's general elections in 2012.
Grouped Articles
Spain's Rajoy Rejects Calls to Quit Over Text Messages
Wall Street Journal 07/16/2013
Spain Emerges From Recession but Sees More Austerity Ahead
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
Election Is Unlikely to Cure Spain's Pain
Wall Street Journal 11/16/2011
Spanish Vote Heralds More Austerity
Wall Street Journal 11/18/2011
Spain’s conservatives declare victory in election - The Washington Post
Washington Post 11/20/2011
Conservatives Ride Crisis to Victory in Spanish Vote
Wall Street Journal 11/21/2011
Efforts to fix the Irish banking crisis.
11/15/2010
The European Union and IMF efforts to help Ireland fix the problems with its banks.
Grouped Articles
In Ireland, Hope of Retroactive Relief
Wall Street Journal 06/29/2012
Irish Resist EU's Push to Accept a Rescue
Wall Street Journal 11/15/2010
Europe Steps Up Pressure for an Irish Bailout
Wall Street Journal 11/16/2010
Sweeping Irish Aid Package in Works
Wall Street Journal 11/17/2010
Fresh Loan Woes Buffet Irish Banks
Wall Street Journal 11/18/2010
EU Plan for Ireland Takes Shape
Wall Street Journal 11/18/2010
Spain's Bankia bank
10/02/2010
The consolidation of a number of Spanish savings banks under government direction led to the creation of Bankia, Spain's third largest bank. Efforts to recapitalize these banks which have large accumulated large debt from the real estate boom is part of the Spanish government's effort to tackle the debt crisis facing Spain. Rodrigo Rato, a former finance minister and managing director of the IMF, heads Bankia and the effort to restore confidence in Spain's banking system.
Grouped Articles
Spanish Banks More Vulnerable Than Italy's
Wall Street Journal 07/13/2011
Investors in Bankia to Sue Bank of Spain Over Losses
New York Times 05/09/2013
Spain's banks: Two cheers, three tiers
Economist 10/02/2010
Spain's Bankia Returns to Profit
Wall Street Journal 02/04/2014
Spain Launches Privatization of Bankia
Wall Street Journal 02/28/2014
A Former IMF Leader Tackles IPO Challenge
Wall Street Journal 06/08/2011
Bankia management
07/01/2011
Grouped Articles
Investors in Bankia to Sue Bank of Spain Over Losses
New York Times 05/09/2013
Spain's Bankia Returns to Profit
Wall Street Journal 02/04/2014
Rodrigo Rato Resigns as Executive Chairman of Bankia
New York Times 05/07/2012
Spain Readies New Push to Shore Up Banks
Wall Street Journal 05/08/2012
Spain Tries to Calm Fears About Ailing Lender
New York Times 05/17/2012
Europeâs Worst Fear: Spain and Greece Spiral Down Together
New York Times 05/20/2012
Different approaches to banking crises- South Korea and the U.S.
04/01/2009
The U.S. leaned on S. Korea to make radical changes in its banking system in 1997, with takeover of banks by the government, closing of loss ridden banks, and creation of a new banking sector. The moves were compressed into a short time because of U.S. pressure. The large influence of bank lobbying in the US, in Republican and Democratic administrations, has led to a situation in which the U.S. banking sector is similiar to what it was before the 2008 crisis, with the same too-big-to fail banks- only larger now- and with unresolved bad housing loans.
Grouped Articles
Book portrays dysfunction in Obama White House - The Washington Post
Washington Post 09/17/2011
Seoul Forum Helps Heal IMF Wounds
Wall Street Journal 07/12/2010
New York Times 04/01/2009
Plan to Help Banks Clear Their Books Is Halted
New York Times 06/04/2009
South Korea Makes a Quick Economic Recovery
New York Times 01/06/2011
'Too Big to Fail' Is Simply Too Big
Wall Street Journal 10/19/2011
Four Rules for Tackling the Economic Crisis and how actions by Britain and France differ from Spain
06/01/2012
Linked Articles
France Raises Taxes in Tough Budget
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2012
Wall Street Journal 06/01/2012
Must Follow Rules for Bank Cleanup and Bailout for the U.S. and Europe
05/10/2012
Five rules that would provide a prudent approach to cleanup of the banking systems in the U.S. and Europe. Failure to follow these rules for prudent and safe financial management in banking cleanup, bailout and recapitalization can lead to prolonged problems in the banking system and the economy.
Linked Articles
Wall Street Journal 06/01/2012
Wall Street Journal 05/10/2012
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