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The Spanish Reform Model
Keywords:
Spain has so far in Sept. 2011 consolidated 45 cajas savings banks into 17. Some of the assets were sold to Spain's commercial banks. In July the central bank seized Caja de Ahorros del Mediterraneo, which had failed the stress tests. This Journal editorial says the Bank of Spain and the Spanish government approach is too slow to install new management, recapitalize the banks if possible and privatize the assets. Attention also needs to be given to minimizing taxpayer losses. The sweeping guarantees on the caja's losses , and 2.8 billion euro credit line to buyers of Caja del Mediterraneo does not look like privatization, because it simply hands private buyers the gains, with the government taking on the risks and the losses.
The management and culture of the Cajas Savings banks in Spain- the Cajas in Galicia
02/25/2010
The Cajas, local savings banks, evolved in the post Franco years into banking institutions that controlled significant deposits and expanded into the real estate sector. This happened under Cajas leaders who ran the cajas for many years and became highly influential in the political system. After the bubble burst these Cajas had to be consolidated under new management by the federal government in Madrid. Prime minister Rajoy of Spain comes from the same region of Galicia in northwestern Spain. Today the Cajas are seen as a symbol of the bubble years and lack of financial controls.
Grouped Articles
New York Times 05/17/2013
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2011
The Pain in Spain Falls Mainly on the Cajas
BusinessWeek 02/25/2010
Economist 05/29/2010
Spain's cajas: Thinking outside the box
Economist 07/31/2010
Spain's banks: Two cheers, three tiers
Economist 10/02/2010
Spain's prime minister Mariano Rajoy's handling of the economic and banking crisis in Spain
09/28/2011
Rajoy's history cautiously embracing politics as Spain emerged from the Franco era, his father's advice to avoid politics after the searing experience of his grandfather in Galicia, the early years in Pontevedra, Galicia, and regional pride in Galicia, are described in Rajoy's book "En Confianza." Regional pride and the European experiment appear to be intertwined, just as Germany would like to see its political entity merged with a European entity, Spain would like to see its political entity merged with the European entity, because of a searing interwar period. Rajoy would genuinely like to see the European experiment go forward as he made the decision to accept EU aid.
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2011
Spain Emerges From Recession but Sees More Austerity Ahead
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
Spain Plans to Burn Its Bridges to Keep Vacationers on the Job
Wall Street Journal 02/08/2012
Mariano Rajoy of Spain Steps Up in Debt Crisis
New York Times 06/10/2012
EU: Spain Banks Will Be Monitored
Wall Street Journal 06/11/2012
Spain's Handling of Bankia Repeats a Pattern of Denial
Wall Street Journal 06/11/2012
A detailed account of the unfolding crisis at Bankia bank in Spain during 2011-2014
04/01/2009
An account of the key players and the ufolding of critical events in the IPO offering for Bankia, and the unraveling of the bank in the months that followed, as the Spanish regulators and government failed to get a handle on problems and instead put their hope on an improving economy. On May 3, Mario Draghi warned about the problems at Bankia in Barcelona. On May 4, the heads of Spain's largest banks BBVA, Banco Santander and Caixa, told the government it had to takeover Bankia, setting in process the events leading upto the acceptance of $125 billion in EU aid to recapitalize Spain's banking system. Bankia was put together from seven failing cajas savings banks. The problems related to the housing bubble are seen throughout the cajas savings banks.
Grouped Articles
Spanish Banks More Vulnerable Than Italy's
Wall Street Journal 07/13/2011
Investors in Bankia to Sue Bank of Spain Over Losses
New York Times 05/09/2013
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2011
The Pain in Spain Falls Mainly on the Cajas
BusinessWeek 02/25/2010
Economist 05/29/2010
Spain's Bankia Returns to Profit
Wall Street Journal 02/04/2014
Five Rules for tackling the economic crisis and how Spain was slow to act compared to more aggressive steps in Britain and France
09/28/2011
One of the "must do" critical rules is that strong aggressive action and sound steps be taken early when borrowing rates are still favorable and there is time to respond and bring the debt situation under control. French prime minister Ayrault puts this succintly: "If we don't put a stop to this taxpayer money will keep going to pay for debt reimbursement." Britain has an extra margin of safety because of its established banking systems and experience, France because of support from Germany, a stronger economy and industry-government cooperation, Spain and Italy lack this extra margin of safety and needed even more vigilance and aggressive steps.
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2011
Wall Street Journal 06/01/2012
In U.K. Election, It’s Jobs Boom vs. Stagnant Wages
Wall Street Journal 05/07/2015
France Raises Taxes in Tough Budget
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2012
France's New Budget Focuses on Cutting Deficit
New York Times 09/28/2012
Spain Needs $76 Billion to Recapitalize Its Banks, Audit Finds
New York Times 09/28/2012
Spain's Cajas savings banks
02/25/2010
Grouped Articles
Spanish Banks More Vulnerable Than Italy's
Wall Street Journal 07/13/2011
New York Times 05/17/2013
The Pain in Spain Falls Mainly on the Cajas
BusinessWeek 02/25/2010
Economist 05/29/2010
Spain's cajas: Thinking outside the box
Economist 07/31/2010
Spain's banks: Two cheers, three tiers
Economist 10/02/2010
Spain's Bankia bank
10/02/2010
The consolidation of a number of Spanish savings banks under government direction led to the creation of Bankia, Spain's third largest bank. Efforts to recapitalize these banks which have large accumulated large debt from the real estate boom is part of the Spanish government's effort to tackle the debt crisis facing Spain. Rodrigo Rato, a former finance minister and managing director of the IMF, heads Bankia and the effort to restore confidence in Spain's banking system.
Grouped Articles
Spanish Banks More Vulnerable Than Italy's
Wall Street Journal 07/13/2011
Investors in Bankia to Sue Bank of Spain Over Losses
New York Times 05/09/2013
Spain's banks: Two cheers, three tiers
Economist 10/02/2010
Spain's Bankia Returns to Profit
Wall Street Journal 02/04/2014
Spain Launches Privatization of Bankia
Wall Street Journal 02/28/2014
A Former IMF Leader Tackles IPO Challenge
Wall Street Journal 06/08/2011
Spain's troubled banks- Caja de Ahorros del Mediterraneo
03/11/2011
Grouped Articles
Spain Faces Short Buyers List For Troubled Caja
Wall Street Journal 09/07/2011
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2011
Criticism of Spainâs Central Bank Grows
New York Times 10/20/2011
Spain Weighing a Fast, Costly Cleanup of Banks
Wall Street Journal 12/07/2011
The Real Threat Facing Spanish Lenders
BusinessWeek 11/23/2011
Spain’s banks: Horns of a dilemma
Economist 01/07/2012
The urgency for recapitalization of European banks in 2011-2015
07/13/2011
EU banks face potential losses of 300 billion euros from troubled EU countries. 120 billion euros from Italy, Spain and Belgium, 60 billion euros from Greece, 20 billion euros from Ireland and Portugal, and $100 billion euros from other banking exposure, accordig to the IMF. IMF managing director, Christine Lagarde, has pointed to the urgent need for recapitalization of European banks,urgently because restricted lending by EU banks in the absence of recapitalization could further damage the economies of EU countries.
Grouped Articles
Spanish Banks More Vulnerable Than Italy's
Wall Street Journal 07/13/2011
Bank of Italy Inspecting Top Lenders' Books
Wall Street Journal 07/30/2013
Central Bank Details Somber State of Europe’s Banking System
New York Times 10/13/2014
Wall Street Journal 07/04/2015
The Banker Who Is No Longer Welcome in Restaurants
Wall Street Journal 01/27/2016
Italy Agrees on Fund to Support Battered Lenders
Wall Street Journal 04/12/2016
Spain- debt, credit ratings, and borrowing costs 2011-2014
01/04/2011
Bond yields for Spanish government bonds in 2011-2014.
Grouped Articles
Return of Long-Term Bond Buyers Seen as Crucial to Europe
New York Times 06/29/2012
A Warning Light to Alert the I.M.F.
New York Times 09/21/2011
Europe Bonds May Offer More Value
Wall Street Journal 08/23/2013
New Spanish Budget Free of Austerity Measures
New York Times 09/27/2013
Netherlands Loses Triple-A Rating, Spain Outlook Raised
Wall Street Journal 11/30/2013
Bonds of Italy, Spain Narrow Gap With U.S., German Yields
Wall Street Journal 04/09/2014
Spain's cleanup of bad bank assets under prime minister Rajoy in 2012-2013
09/28/2011
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2011
Spain Emerges From Recession but Sees More Austerity Ahead
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
Spain Weighing a Fast, Costly Cleanup of Banks
Wall Street Journal 12/07/2011
Why European Banks Are Sacrificing Growth
BusinessWeek 12/15/2011
Spain's Rajoy Takes Aim at Deficit
Wall Street Journal 12/20/2011
A Central Bank Doing What Central Banks Do
New York Times 12/21/2011
Spain's banking officials, lack of prudent oversight over the banks and bad loans from the real estate bubble
02/22/2011
Jaime Caruana, Rodrigo Rato and Vinals are senior Spanish banking officials who worked for the central bank and at the IMF. Caruana is head of the Bank of International Settlements in Bases (BIS), and Vinal heads a department at the IMF. Rato resigned from Bankia bank after its takeover by the government. Experts say they failed to exercize proper oversight of Spain's banking system and in their positions at the IMF failed to draw early attention to the problems.
Grouped Articles
Investors in Bankia to Sue Bank of Spain Over Losses
New York Times 05/09/2013
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2011
Spain's Bankia Returns to Profit
Wall Street Journal 02/04/2014
Rodrigo Rato Resigns as Executive Chairman of Bankia
New York Times 05/07/2012
Spanish Officials Hailed Banks as the Crisis Built
New York Times 06/26/2012
Spanish Woes Cast Rescue in New Light
Wall Street Journal 06/20/2012
Bad loans in Spain's banking system from the housing bubble
04/04/2009
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2011
The Pain in Spain Falls Mainly on the Cajas
BusinessWeek 02/25/2010
Spain's Banks Boost Books by Refinancing Loans to Homeowners
Wall Street Journal 11/07/2013
Economist 04/04/2009
Spanish House Prices Decline Again
Wall Street Journal 05/28/2014
Spain Still Suffering Fallout From Housing Bust
Wall Street Journal 05/28/2014
Spain's banks conversion of deposit holders into equity holders and the risks associated with this move.
07/13/2011
Grouped Articles
Spanish Banks More Vulnerable Than Italy's
Wall Street Journal 07/13/2011
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2011
Spain's Bankia Returns to Profit
Wall Street Journal 02/04/2014
Spanish Banks Find New Source of Capital Comes With New Kind of Risk
Wall Street Journal 04/03/2012
Spain's Bank-Investor Ties Stir Worry
Wall Street Journal 05/09/2012
Spain Tries to Calm Fears About Ailing Lender
New York Times 05/17/2012
Initial public offering planned for Spain's Bankia bank
03/11/2011
Efforts to recapitalize Spain's savings banks.
Grouped Articles
Spanish Banks More Vulnerable Than Italy's
Wall Street Journal 07/13/2011
Investors in Bankia to Sue Bank of Spain Over Losses
New York Times 05/09/2013
Spain's Bankia Returns to Profit
Wall Street Journal 02/04/2014
Spain Launches Privatization of Bankia
Wall Street Journal 02/28/2014
A Former IMF Leader Tackles IPO Challenge
Wall Street Journal 06/08/2011
In Spanish, Bankia Starts Wooing IPO Investors
Wall Street Journal 07/01/2011
Spain's banks
07/09/2010
Grouped Articles
Spanish Banks More Vulnerable Than Italy's
Wall Street Journal 07/13/2011
Spain's banks: Two cheers, three tiers
Economist 10/02/2010
Spain's Bankia Returns to Profit
Wall Street Journal 02/04/2014
Loan Growth Suffers at Spanish Banks
Wall Street Journal 11/13/2015
Spain to Approve Cajas Regulatory Overhaul
Wall Street Journal 07/09/2010
Crisis Awaits Worldâs Banks as Trillions Come Due
New York Times 07/11/2010
Spain's privatizations and IPO's- 2011-2012
05/24/2011
IPO of the national lottery is expected to raise more than $10 billion in 2011.
Grouped Articles
Spain Moves Forward With Lottery Privatization
Wall Street Journal 05/24/2011
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2011
Spain's economy under the Zapatero administration.
08/01/2009
Unemployment, and the efforts to create jobs in other sectors, as well as keeping the gains of the social welfare state.
Grouped Articles
Economist 02/11/2010
Spanish politics: Zapatero's endgame
Economist 10/23/2010
Leader Vows to Update Spain’s Economy, With Labor Rights Intact
New York Times 08/01/2009
Moody's Questions Spanish Banks
Wall Street Journal 10/14/2009
In Spain, a Soaring Jobless Rate for Young Workers
New York Times 01/01/2010
Spain is simply shifting the problem
Wall Street Journal 05/14/2010
Spain's economy 2010-2013
07/22/2010
Grouped Articles
Still Sputtering, Spain Turns Away From Cuts
Wall Street Journal 05/12/2013
Spain: Budget Woes Hit Regional Governments
BusinessWeek 07/22/2010
Spanish Job Market May Be Turning Around
Wall Street Journal 01/24/2014
New York Times 07/28/2011
Italy Seeks to Tackle Youth Jobless Problem
Wall Street Journal 08/22/2011
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2011
Spain's slow effort to cleanup the banks in 2010-2012
09/28/2011
Linked Articles
Spain Spells Out Latest Plan to Bolster Health of Lenders
Wall Street Journal 02/03/2012
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2011
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