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Yellen is expected to look beyond the unemployment rate target of 6.5% set by Bernanke in Dec. 2012, and give emphasis to the long term unemployed. Bernanke also mention the under employment rate as an additional factor to consider.
Linked Articles
Don’t Expect Job Data Alone to Persuade Fed on Rates
New York Times 01/23/2014
Bernanke Plays Down Link Between Jobless Rate, Fed MovesWall Street Journal 07/18/2013
Bolivia's socialist government of Evo Morales has taken a different approach by reducing subsidies and increasing gasoline prices to about $2.00 a gallon in 2013. Salaries of governent workers was also increased by 20% in 2013, and additional 10% added to price of locally produced grain and corn, in policy actions. Morales cited as a reason the $150 million in smuggling to neighboring countries of the $660 million in gasoline imports, wasting a significant part of the $380 million annual state gasoline subsidy which could be used for infrastructure. In Venezuela both opposing candidates for president Maduro and Capriles supported the state subsidy for gasoline that is exceptional among developing countries, and at a time when Venezuela is short of foreign currency for other imports.
Linked Articles
Almost-Free Gas Comes at a High Cost
Wall Street Journal 04/12/2013
Turnabout in Bolivia as Economy Rises From InstabilityNew York Times 02/16/2014
A pragmatic activist focus in economic thinking shaped at the MIT economics department in Cambridge, Masachusetts. The ECB's Mario Draghi, Bank of England's Mervyn King, and Bernanke shaped their thinking at MIT. Draghi and Bernanke had the same PhD. advisor- Stanley Fischer. Factors calling for a pragmatic approach include the lack of political agreement on th deficit, the housing and foreclosure crisis effects, higher inequality and unemployment effects on the middle class, the effects of the globalized economy on working class manufacturing jobs, people dropping out of the labor foce, and lower inflation, which called for a larger focus on unemployment. Bernanke emphasized the "enormous waste in human potential and productive resources of the economy" throughout 2009-2012. Draghi emphasized the abnormal nature of excessive borrowing interest rates for Italy and Spain during the ECB's bond buying efforts in 2011-2012. Both efforts had a stabilizing effect on the economies of the U.S. and Europe during a period of political discord about future policy.
Linked Articles
Wall Street Journal 12/13/2012
MIT Forged Activist Views of Central Bank Role and Cinched Central Bankers' TiesWall Street Journal 12/12/2012
The Rosneft acquisition of TNK-BP ends a fractured relationship for BP with a difficult partner. BP starts a new relationship with Rosneft, and opportunities to pursue new deals in Russia. For Rosneft the acquisition makes it the world's largest oil company with a need for western technology from BP.
Linked Articles
BP's Russia Dance Reaps a Poor Dividend
Wall Street Journal 10/23/2012
BP Nears Deal to Sell TNK-BP StakeWall Street Journal 10/18/2012
Canada's DBRS put less weight on the political shifts in Italy and more on the low growth rate. It rated Italy A (low) in November 2013, much higher than the ratings given by Moody's and S&P. This was important in the eurozone crisis because the European Central Bank uses the highest rating on a sovereign country's bonds to decide discounts on collateral pledged by banks to the ECB. DBRS has more faith in the lasting value of the euro and sees through the ups and downs of the crisis. It takes a similiar upbeat long term view of Spain. DBRS has credibility because it did not move ratings up as much before the 2008 financial crisis, and did not move the ratings down as much during the crisis, as the large credit ratings firms.
Linked Articles
Wall Street Journal 08/09/2012
The Key to Italy's Rating Is Kept in CanadaWall Street Journal 11/02/2013
Linked Articles
France Raises Taxes in Tough Budget
Wall Street Journal 09/28/2012
Bank-Bailout LessonsWall Street Journal 06/01/2012
Greece made the payment to Dart Management at a time of 20% unemployment and daily protests on Athens streets, a month before elections in June 2012. Greece only did this as a last resort for release of EU funds that were being held up to make pament of interest on debt. This exacerabated discontent inside Greece as pensions were being cut and layoffs taking place, including increase in electricity bills. The Syriza party made gains in that election and the two main parties lost ground to other parties, including a violent anti-immigrant party. Argentina's Christina Kirchner faces a difficult time with the unions and centrist parties in Buenos Aires province, with a shortage of cash and sovereign wealth fund down to $29 billion in May 2014. Stevenson points out the payment to Elliott Management could lead to a situation where Argentina owed $15-$27 billion to all holdout and exchange investors in its bonds.
Linked Articles
Argentina Finds Relentless Foe in Paul Singer's Hedge Fund
New York Times 07/30/2014
Bet on Greek Bonds Paid Off for a Vulture FundNew York Times 05/15/2012
Lower utility bills from lower natural gas prices and the offset from higher fuel efficiency of newer automobiles help push consumer spending slightly higher in the face of gasoline at average $3.92 per gallon in April 2012. Yet the cushion for American consumers remains weak say researchers at Stanford and the U.S. Federal Reserve.
Linked Articles
Wall Street Journal 04/16/2012
How to Build Buzz for Bud: More Alcohol, Lime-a-RitaWall Street Journal 03/29/2012
Surprisingly the Syriza government in 6 months in office did not come up with a plan to implement for tax evasion. This was a major issue for the IMF and in Greece's interest, even though it was going contrary to long standing practice in Greece as it was in Italy. Estimates of lost revenue are about $11 billion each year for tax evasion. By comparison the IMF payment due was less than $2 billion on June 30, 2015. Sustainable long term finances make this a major issue in Greece's own interest. Greece has an aging population and the number of retirees are growing in relation to young working people making this an important issue for stable finances under any administration, and regardless of the euro.
Linked Articles
How Greek tax evasion sunk the global economy
Washington Post 07/10/2012
A Hollow Target for Greek DebtWall Street Journal 02/18/2012
Monti on more democracy in the European Union with more power for the European Parliament, and the enduring quality of the EU becaus it is in the interests of Germany.
Linked Articles
Italyâs Leader Is Optimistic About Greece and Euro
New York Times 02/10/2012
Italy's Leader Warns EU Needs Better DemocracyWall Street Journal 02/16/2012
Efforts of Super Committee members Hensarling, Toomey and the chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee Dave Camp to negotiate a bipartisan solution. This follows the failed efforts of Republicans Boehner, Cantor and McConnell in 2011 to reach a negotiated deal with the Democrats in Congress. Camp is taking a patient approach and has shown the ability to navigate different personalities in the U.S. Congress as he works on a solution to the deficit.
Linked Articles
Rep. Dave Camp patiently pursues tax reform - The Washington Post
Washington Post 07/29/2012
GOP supercommittee members’ tax plan gives party an identity crisis - The Washington PostWashington Post 11/17/2011
Repeated increases in interest rates in 201-2011 by India's central bank, the RBI, has failed to control inflation. This is slowing the growth rate.
Linked Articles
India Grapples With Soaring Energy Costs
Wall Street Journal 04/11/2012
India's Inflation Is a Lesson for Fast-Growing EconomiesWall Street Journal 09/12/2011
Linked Articles
New York Times 11/18/2012
Warren Buffett's Tax DodgeWall Street Journal 08/17/2011
The public interest is critical for a nation to advance and create improvement. A vigorous tradition of public service is essential for the public interest to be preserved. It also commands the highest respect with its common sense approach setting aside ideologies, with its integrity, character and humility.
Linked Articles
Jerry Brown is spending more on ballot measures than on his own campaign - The Washington Post
Washington Post 10/24/2014
Volcker Plans to Restore Faith in GovernmentNew York Times 05/29/2013
Linked Articles
A Fed Bank President's Idea Comes to Life
Wall Street Journal 12/13/2012
Fed Ties Rates to JoblessnessWall Street Journal 12/13/2012
Linked Articles
To Reduce Inequality, Tax Wealth, Not Income
New York Times 11/18/2012
The Twinkie ManifestoNew York Times 11/18/2012
ECB chief, Mario Draghi made the famous statement on July 23, 2012, that he would "do whatever it takes" to bring down the yields on the government bonds of Italy and Spain. These bond yields had reached 7.5%, worsening the debt position of the two countries. A year later in August 2013 the bond yields were down, the gap with German bond yields narrowed, and the first signs of recovery in the eurozone made investment in the bonds of Italy and Spain attractive. Emerging market debt faced the opposite of what they faced in July 2013, as the currencies of India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Turkey, Brazil and other developing countries depreciated significantly. As the U.S. Federal Reserve begins its pull back from its monetary easing policy capital flows and foreign investment to to emerging markets reversed causing grief in countries which depended on these inflows to finance deficits in the current account.
Linked Articles
How ECB Chief Outflanked German Foe in Fight for Euro
Wall Street Journal 10/02/2012
Europe Bonds May Offer More ValueWall Street Journal 08/23/2013
The discussions in Rome between Mario Monti of Italy and the leaders of Germany, France, Spain, at the end of June 2012. Monti as respected mediator between the different sides and positions and the importance of productive discussions to the future of the Euro and the economies of Europe.
Linked Articles
Why Monti, despite Merkel, could prove the euro’s best hope - The Washington Post
Washington Post 06/24/2012
Amid crisis, leaders of Germany, France, Italy and Spain meet in Rome - The Washington PostWashington Post 06/22/2012
A more measured response this time from the Development Reform Commission (DRC) and the State Council. Targeted spending on select and strategic projects to avoid inflating the housing bubble any further, and screening out projects with dubious merit.
Linked Articles
In China, a New Round of Stimulus
New York Times 05/30/2012
World Bank Chief Urges Euro BondsWall Street Journal 05/31/2012
Krugman calls the austerity measures in the Fiscal Compact a form of suicide at a time of high unemployment in coutnries like Spain. Feldstein says the Fiscal Compact does not provide strict spending limits to fix Eurozone finances, with language that allows for exceptions.
Linked Articles
New York Times 04/15/2012
Europe Needs the Bond VigilantesWall Street Journal 04/05/2012
John Taylor and the Ifo Institue's Sinn say the recapitalization of Greece's banks and the lower interest rates negotiated after the March 2012 bailout make exiting the euro and achieving economic growth doable. The Papdemos government's need for time till 2015 to complete the program of changes, and the elections in April 2012 in which opposition parties outpolled Pasok and New Democrachy lays the political groundwork for the exit.
Linked Articles
Greece at new risk of being pushed off euro - The Washington Post
Washington Post 05/08/2012
A Better Grecian BailoutWall Street Journal 02/22/2012
In response to the policy of the Reseve Bank of India (RBI), India's central bank, to hold off on interest rate changes till the government takes action in reducing the deficit, the Indian government lays out a plan to bring the deficit down to 3% by 2017, and 5.3% in the fiscal year ending March 2013. The government is under pressure to come up with an economic strategy to deal with the slowing economy with growth forecasts lowered to 5-6.5% for 2012. The risk of India's credit rating being being lowered to junk status and drastic slowdown in foreign investment is creating a crisis atmosphere after a period of indecison.
Linked Articles
India Lays Out Deficit Targets
Wall Street Journal 10/30/2012
Indian Central Banker Hits His Government's SpendingWall Street Journal 02/14/2012
Noonan asks the question about what a post war generation of Americans, Russians and Japanese could understand about the horrors of nuclear war and of the Second World War, and how this is lacking in the Middle East as each nation strives for nuclear weapons from Iran to Saudi Arabia. Separately in another link Kaname Harada asks a different question- has a new generation in Japan born after 1945, both leaders and the public, forgotten about that period including "Hiroshima."
Linked Articles
Vladimir Putin Describes Loss of a Brother at Ceremony
New York Times 01/27/2012
Misplaying America’s Hand With IranWall Street Journal 04/04/2015
Abbott see the huge potential for infant nutrition and other businesses related to medical products as millons of people join the middle class in China, India, Vietnam and other emerging markets. Nestle is pursuing a similar idea with its acquisition of Pfizer's infant nutrition business which has a large presence in China. With its strong brand name presence, marketing and distribution, and the growing need for better nutrition in these countries Nestle sees huge potential for growth.
Linked Articles
Abbott to Split Into Two Companies
Wall Street Journal 10/20/2011
Abbott Looks to Consumer for GrowthWall Street Journal 05/03/2012
Proposals for reducing U.S. unemployment in 2012-2014 from experts with different perspectives of how the U.S. economy functions.
Linked Articles
Long-Term Unemployment Carries Risks for U.S.
New York Times 11/26/2011
Not More of the SameNew York Times 09/06/2011
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