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EU Tells Lenders to Bulk Up Capital Cushions
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The European Banking Authority has worked on an exam for European banks since October 2011- separate from earlier stress tests- to determine the capital shortfall at banks arising from potential losses on bank holdings of sovereign debt. The EBA says banks in the eurozone will have to come up with 114.7 billion euros in new capital by June 2012, to meet reserve capital requirements for core Tier 1 ratio of 9%. The EBA looked at bank holdings of European government bonds as of Sept. 30, 2011. Loss rates for government bonds were applied at current market prices for the debt, and banks that fell short of the Tier 1 capital ratio of 9% were identified. This is different from the stress tests in that the stress tests were designed for banks to withstand deteriorating economic conditions, where a range of losses were applied to test for resilience. Spain and Italy have capital shortfalls of 26.2 billion euros and 15.4 billion euros respectively. Germany has a capital shortfall of 13.1 billion euros, France 7.3 billion euros, Portugal 6.9 billion euros, Belgium 6.3 billion euros. Banks have till January 2012 to show how they will come up with new capital. EBA officials will ask banks to do this without restricting lending. Germany's Commerzbank has a 5.3 billion euros capital shortfall, and may need government funds. Italy's UniCredit SpA plans to make a 7.5 billion euro share offering to its existing investors which will address most of its 8 billion euro shortfall. Spain's Banco Santander is divesting assets in Brazil, Colombia and Chile to meet a 15.3 billion euros shortfall. France's BNP Paribas and Societe Generale have shortfalls of 1.5 billion euros and 2.1 billion euros, which they plan to meet by selling billions of euros of assets.
European Banking Authority 2011 tests for sovereign bond holdings at European banks
09/14/2011
The tests released in Dec. 2011 show how much the banks of each country need to come up with to meet Tier 1 core capital requirements of 9%.
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Stress tests for banks in Europe in July 2010 and in 2011.
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In addition to Basel 3 rules for capital cushions, individual countries have come up with additional safety buffers. Britain's independent banking commission has proposed an additional 3% buffer for large banks. Swiss regulators are asking the largest Swiss banks to have an additional 9% in convertible capital as an additional safety buffer, which would also discourage excessive risk taking.
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01/21/2010
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Wall Street Journal 09/14/2010
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