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A Euro Crisis Deal Emerges
Keywords:
Mario Draghi faces his first test as head of the European Central Bank as Italian bond yields approach 8%. Draghi has limited purchases of bonds of troubled EU countries to 5-10 billion euros each week. This has been sufficient to keep Italian bond yields from going out of control, but high enough to keep pressure on governments in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece to make necessary changes. France, Germany and other countries in the EU are working on new rules for making strict budget discipline legally binding, with enforcement sanctions by a EU budgetary authority. Germany is pushing for the new rules. France's Sarkozy with a legacy of Gaullist reluctance to surrender sovereignty in such matters had resisted such calls in the past, but is moving in the direction of convergence of fiscal policies as the only way to preserve the euro currency and the EU idea alive. Draghi is taking a flexible stance on inflation and lowering rates compared to his predecessor, Trichet. He sees signs of slowing manufacturing activity and credit tightening in Europe as signs that inflation will come down from above 3% to something closer to the 3% target set by the ECB. Economists expect him to lower interest rates for the eurozone to 1% from 1.25%, when the ECB meets in a week. The manufacturing purchasing manager's index went down to 46.4 in November, below the breakeven point of 50, which signals a contraction. Output and orders were down across all of Europe, including Germany. Economists say Draghi has left open the possibility of larger bond purchases if the new rules are made legally binding on eurozone members.
Mario Draghi, head of the ECB, and the eurozone crisis with Italian bond yields approaching 8% in Dec. 2011
11/10/2011
Draghi addresses the issue of large scale purchases of bonds of Italy and Spain to ease pressure on bond yields, by leaving open the possibility of action if the EU countries take the necessary steps for a strict budgetary framework.
Grouped Articles
Return of Long-Term Bond Buyers Seen as Crucial to Europe
New York Times 06/29/2012
German Court to Weigh Bond Buying by E.C.B.
New York Times 06/10/2013
Europe Bonds May Offer More Value
Wall Street Journal 08/23/2013
Euro Strengthens as Fears Fade
Wall Street Journal 01/12/2013
Bonds of Italy, Spain Narrow Gap With U.S., German Yields
Wall Street Journal 04/09/2014
As Bond Markets Twist, Investors Shout
Wall Street Journal 06/10/2014
European Central Bank interest rates adjustments 2011-2013
03/04/2011
ECB interest rate adjustments and monetary policy.
Grouped Articles
ECB Moves Markets, Not Economy
Wall Street Journal 05/03/2013
New York Times 09/25/2011
ECB Struggles With Low-Altitude Flying
Wall Street Journal 11/10/2013
Shares Rise on Wall Street and in Europe
New York Times 06/06/2012
Wall Street Journal 03/04/2011
European Central Bank Raises Rates as Expected
New York Times 07/07/2011
Expert opinion on the issuance of Eurobonds by the ECB to support Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece
11/22/2011
Grouped Articles
German Court to Weigh Bond Buying by E.C.B.
New York Times 06/10/2013
German Election Overturns Political Order
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
European Central Bank Head, Draghi, Has New Powers
New York Times 07/02/2012
Wall Street Journal 11/22/2011
Amid crisis, Italy confronts a culture of tax evasion - The Washington Post
Washington Post 11/25/2011
Europe's Currency Road to Nowhere
Wall Street Journal 11/29/2011
The ECB and buying of government bonds of troubled eurozone countries
08/07/2011
The purchases of Italian and Spanish bonds by the European Central Bank in addition to its holdings of 75 billion euros of Portuguese, Greek and Irish bonds creates additional balance sheet risk for the ECB. Losses in the value of collateral could wipe out the 10 billion euro capital base of the ECB. The pressing need to give resources and new powers to the European Financial Stability Facility so that this agency could do the bond buying in the place of the ECB.
Grouped Articles
German Court to Weigh Bond Buying by E.C.B.
New York Times 06/10/2013
ECB’s Coeuré Sends Strong Signal on Asset Purchases
Wall Street Journal 12/18/2014
European Markets Jolted by ECB Proposal
Wall Street Journal 01/21/2015
Quiet Start to Central Bank Bond-Buying Program for the Eurozone
New York Times 03/09/2015
Wall Street Journal 03/10/2015
Wall Street Journal 08/08/2011
The resignations of Jurgen Stark and the ECB's purchase of sovereign bonds of Portugal, Italy and Spain
09/10/2011
The resignations of German representatives on the ECB Executive Board, Axel Weber and Jurgen Stark, over ECB purchases of sovereign bonds. Concern about political risk and financial risk and exceeding the ECB's charter. The need for the governments to assume the critical role of far-reaching reforms of the mechanism for decisions and sanctions.
Grouped Articles
German Court to Weigh Bond Buying by E.C.B.
New York Times 06/10/2013
Europe Bonds May Offer More Value
Wall Street Journal 08/23/2013
Bonds of Italy, Spain Narrow Gap With U.S., German Yields
Wall Street Journal 04/09/2014
As Bond Markets Twist, Investors Shout
Wall Street Journal 06/10/2014
Wall Street Journal 09/10/2011
Stark Walked a Fine Line Between German and EU Monetary Cultures
Wall Street Journal 09/10/2011
The U.S. Fed's crisis dollar-lending program with the ECB and the central banks of U.K. , Canada, Japan and Switzerland in 2011
06/29/2011
Extension of the dollar-lending program beyond August 2, 2011 by the Fed as the eurozone faces the crisis in Greece.
Grouped Articles
Fed Extends Lending Program for Central Banks
Wall Street Journal 06/29/2011
Central Banks Run Short of Policy Options
Wall Street Journal 08/04/2011
Swaps Will Get Dollars Into European Banks' Hands
Wall Street Journal 12/01/2011
Close Ties Facilitated Coordinated Moves
Wall Street Journal 12/01/2011
Wall Street Journal 12/01/2011
6 Central Banks Act to Buy Time in Europe Crisis
New York Times 11/30/2011
France's Finance Minister Lagarde on the discipline and coordination needed for the euro to work.
03/03/2010
This discipline and tight fiscal coordination would be imposed on eurozone countries as part of the effort to make the euro experiment work. Lagarde is interviewed by Carney and Jolis of the WSJ.
Grouped Articles
Wall Street Journal 03/03/2010
Charlie Rose Talks to Christine Lagarde
BusinessWeek 04/28/2010
Toward a United States of Europe
Wall Street Journal 12/18/2010
Wall Street Journal 12/20/2010
Wall Street Journal 01/14/2011
Europeâs Odd Couple: Sarkozy and Merkel
New York Times 01/13/2011
ECB president Jean-Claude Trichet
02/05/2008
Grouped Articles
ECB Chief Seeks Tighter Fiscal Union
Wall Street Journal 06/22/2010
Europe’s Central Banker Engineers His Economics
New York Times 02/05/2008
Europe's Central Banker Seeks Deeper Fiscal Union
Wall Street Journal 06/03/2011
Trichet's Solution for an Imperfect Union
Wall Street Journal 06/03/2011
Trichet Urges Creation Of Euro Oversight Panel
New York Times 06/02/2011
European Central Bank Raises Rates as Expected
New York Times 07/07/2011
European Central Bank policies in 2010-2012.
02/05/2008
The ECB rate changes and policy in 2010-2012.
Grouped Articles
ECB Moves Markets, Not Economy
Wall Street Journal 05/03/2013
Shares Rise on Wall Street and in Europe
New York Times 06/06/2012
Europe’s Central Banker Engineers His Economics
New York Times 02/05/2008
2 Major European Banks Keep Record-Low Rates
New York Times 11/04/2010
ECB Seeks Funds for Capital Base
Wall Street Journal 12/17/2010
Rate Rise Signaled for Euro Zone
Wall Street Journal 03/04/2011
Italy's Mario Draghi, as the new president of the ECB
04/20/2011
Grouped Articles
ECB Moves Markets, Not Economy
Wall Street Journal 05/03/2013
Bonds of Italy, Spain Narrow Gap With U.S., German Yields
Wall Street Journal 04/09/2014
Italian Gains Support in Central Bank Race
Wall Street Journal 04/20/2011
Paris Backs Italy's Draghi as Europe's Central Banker
Wall Street Journal 04/27/2011
German Paper Finds Draghi Not So Bad After All
New York Times 04/29/2011
Trichet to Leave a Difficult Legacy at Central Bank
New York Times 05/31/2011
The ECB and Italy
11/09/2011
Grouped Articles
Don't Bank on ECB Rescuing Italy
Wall Street Journal 11/09/2011
Italy Fears Rattle World's Investors
Wall Street Journal 11/10/2011
Central Bankerâs Exit Gives France Opening
New York Times 11/10/2011
Crisis Ensnares Central Bank in Desperate Bid to Save Euro
Wall Street Journal 11/18/2011
European Bank Chief Pushes Back
Wall Street Journal 11/19/2011
New York Times 11/19/2011
The views of Axel Weber, former head of the Bundesbank, on the ECB's role and the need to address the underlying problems in Greece
04/19/2010
Axel Weber says the European Central Bank should stick to its mandate of setting monetary policy and not get too involved in the crisis in Greece. He says Greece's problems are structural and may take a long time to resolve, as much as 30 years. The European leaders have to decide on solving the underlying problems so that they cut the losses and restart, by offering debt guarantees and using partial creditor haircuts. Simply giving additional loans -which can never be repaid considering the debt of 350 billion euros ($496 billion)- or addding short term liquidity for a 3-5 year solution as European leaders have done so far, won't work.
Grouped Articles
EU Dismisses IMF's Criticism On Greek Bailout
Wall Street Journal 06/07/2013
German Court to Weigh Bond Buying by E.C.B.
New York Times 06/10/2013
Weber Sees Greece Needing More Aid
Wall Street Journal 04/19/2010
The 'Silent Austerity' in Banking
Wall Street Journal 01/21/2014
Not Quite Checkmate for the Bundesbank
Wall Street Journal 12/22/2014
Germany's Weber Slams Rescue Efforts
Wall Street Journal 06/27/2011
The Sarkozy-Merkel meeting in Deauville, France, October 18, 2010, that sets the stage for a closer union for the EU.
12/27/2010
Germany and France make the momentous decision to move forward with a closer fiscal union of the 16 nation European Union. The efforts to build anew the conditions for the Euro to succeed. The vision of a united Europe persists.
Grouped Articles
New Attempt at French-German Amity Stumbles in Venice
Wall Street Journal 08/21/2013
Germans Respond to Merkel's 'Motherly' Side
Wall Street Journal 08/23/2013
German Election Overturns Political Order
Wall Street Journal 09/23/2013
New York Times 05/22/2014
Economist 11/11/2015
As Ireland Flails, Europe Lurches Across the Rubicon
Wall Street Journal 12/27/2010
The importance of long term bond buyers to restoring confdence in Italian and Spanish government bonds in 2012-2013
12/02/2011
Large institutional buyers such as insurance companies and pension funds have exited the market for Italian and Spanish government bonds creating a great deal of instability in the market and pushing up yields as aresult fo the fear factor. The need for the ECB to take up large scale purchase of bonds to induce these longterm buyers to return to the market and restore a measure of confidence. The June 28 summit authorized the rescue fund, the European Stability Mechanism (ESM or EFSF) to make these purchases, but experts say it has only 248 billion euros and needs to go back to markets for additional funding.
Linked Articles
Return of Long-Term Bond Buyers Seen as Crucial to Europe
New York Times 06/29/2012
Wall Street Journal 12/02/2011
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