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LI Keqiang was able to pass entrance exams to Peking University in 1977 after entrance exams were reinstated following Mao's death. He led the modernization of China during the 2000-2022 period two decades of fast growth turning China into a middle income industrialized country after centuries of decline. During this period China urbanized at a rapid rate and Li's advanced studies focused on urbanization. It was also a period when China realized the damage done to the environment and quality of air, water, with haphazard growth, and shifted to climate change action through focus on solar energy and limiting use of coal.
Linked Articles
China Mourns Former Premier Whose Death Hovers Over Xi Jinping
WSJ 11/02/2023
Next Premier Came of Age in Era of OpennessWall Street Journal 11/16/2012
Chronic or endemic coronavirus in New York with 76% fully vaccinated and Portugal with 85% fully vaccinated is a situation in some places. This still means 15-25% of people that are unvaccinated are at risk and with vaccine protection waning without a booster shot the risk of a fourth or a third of the population still at risk. The lifting of preventive steps such as social distancing, masking and other actions plus the shift to indoor, reopening of schools and colleges, could still lead to a surge.
Linked Articles
Endemic Covid-19 Has Arrived in Portugal. This Is What It Looks Like.
WSJ 10/24/2021
New York City Inches Toward Covid-19 Becoming EndemicWSJ 10/25/2021
Walks taken out in parks, nature settings, and further out in wooded areas are seen as essential for health and wellbeing during the pandemic. This is becoming increasingly popular in the UK and can be pursued in the US, other parts of Europe, India, other parts of Asia, Latin America and Africa as a way to promote neglected mental health during the pandemic. Vaccines are doing their part for body health yet much remains to be done for mental health which has taken a big hit during the pandemic.
Linked Articles
‘These salt marshes saved my life’: how nature is helping mental health
The Guardian 10/09/2021
Two-hour ‘dose’ of nature significantly boosts health – studyThe Guardian 06/13/2019
Linked Articles
Faith, Freedom, Fear: Rural America’s Covid Vaccine Skeptics
NYTimes.com 04/30/2021
Vaccine Skepticism Was Viewed as a Knowledge Problem. It’s Actually About Gut Beliefs.NYTimes.com 04/30/2021
Linked Articles
E.U. and U.K. Fighting Over Scarce Vaccines
NYTimes.com 01/27/2021
Michel Barnier tells EU to step back from Covid vaccine warThe Times 01/30/2021
Two crises back to back in 2010 and 2020 putting the working class, middle class and poor further behind each ten years. Pope Francis calls this a challenge for the modern world in his new book "Let us Dream- The Path To a Better Future." He says "we cannot return to the false securities of the political and economic systems before the pandemic, we need economies that give access to all of the fruits of creation, to the basic needs of life, land lodging and labor."
Linked Articles
A Humble Pope, Challenging the World
New York Times 09/18/2015
Opinion | Pope Francis: A Crisis Reveals What Is in Our HeartsNYTimes.com 11/27/2020
Serum Institute of India plans to manufacture 400 million doses of the Oxford vaccine by December 2020, in alliance with Oxford University and Astra Zeneca of UK.
Linked Articles
Drugs firm to begin making potential virus vaccine
BBC News 06/05/2020
How One Indian Company Could Be World's Door to a COVID-19 VaccineNYTimes.com 06/04/2020
With about 300 million people without electricity, and India lagging behind Brazil and Indonesia in the percentage of population lacking electricity, the goal is to modernize the coal industry and increase production. This shows the different tradeoffs in less developed countries such as India, which face a completely different set of tradeoffs, and are moving in the opposite direction out of necessity. China is just entering a period after rapid modernization where the discussion about the tradeoffs is shifting, whereas India remains in a very different phase.
Linked Articles
Norway Will Divest From Coal in Push Against Climate Change
New York Times 06/05/2015
Indian Prime Minister Prods Coal MonopolyWall Street Journal 05/14/2015
Declining growth characterizes all emerging markets. High reserves in Russia and Brazil separate the two countries from Argentina and Turkey where foreign exchange reserves are insufficient to prevent sharp declines in the currrency. Russia also has a low budget deficit. The foreign investment climate in Russia and India has deteriorated reducing capital inflows for modernizing the economy in India and diversifying the economy in Russia.
Linked Articles
Red Alert on Russia Is Premature
Wall Street Journal 02/03/2014
Russia Is Facing Stagflation, Central Banker SaysWall Street Journal 01/17/2014
Linked Articles
Nadine Gordimer, Winner of South Africa's First Nobel Prize in Literature, Dies at 90
Wall Street Journal 07/14/2014
Chinua Achebe, Famed Nigerian Writer, DiesWall Street Journal 03/22/2013
Jiang Zemin, 86 years and former president, who set China on the three decade push for modernization, put his imprint on the seven member Politburo Standing Committee that runs China. Jinping and five other members of the Politburo are close allies of Jiang Zemin. Zemin was Mayor of Shanghai, China's business capital during the Koumintang pre war regime and now in the post war period. He made some of the reforms that led to China's entry into the World Trade Organization and its subsequent rise as a major trading nation. His support for Jinping gives the new president room for making political and economic changes that are needed in this period. The older members of the Politburo, most in the mid-60's, placed on the Politburo by Zemin are likely to be cautious and the outlook for change is uncertain.
Linked Articles
Xi Jinping Offers Few Hints of a Shift in Direction in China
New York Times 11/15/2012
Ex-Leader Wins in Beijing Power PlayWall Street Journal 11/16/2012
For a country with a large proportion of children facing malnutrition the food storage problems show how far India has left to go in modernizing its economy.
Linked Articles
Wall Street Journal 06/23/2012
India's Grain Storage Comes Up ShortWall Street Journal 04/13/2012
Linked Articles
Wall Street Journal 02/03/2011
Muslim Brotherhood Looks West in Bid to Revive Egyptian EconomyWall Street Journal 02/17/2012
Ashwini Bhide was the head of the Metro Rail project in Mumbai and the first woman to be profiled by WSJ in this way - as a tireless worker for getting modern Rail with the latest technology to Mumbai after decades in which millions of Mumbai residents had to put up with old, dilapidated, incomplete rail subway services. It is work that meets the aspirations of Young India and which would make Mohandas Gandhi proud a century later. It shows that India can deliver on the kind of infrastructure needed for making project Make in India work.
Linked Articles
Newsmaker | Fadnavis ensures pet Metro project on track, puts Ashwini Bhide back in driver’s seat
The Indian Express 07/13/2022
‘You Have to Actually Cut Open Mumbai’s Belly’—Inside One of the World’s Most Audacious Transit ProjectsWSJ 05/08/2023
In a world of short run startups it is important to remember that our lives truly depend on the work done by scientists over decades. The stories of the scientists who developed the vaccine for malaria and the vaccine for mRNA technologies embedded in Pfizer vaccine.
Linked Articles
The Vaccine That Took 40 Years to Make - The Journal. - WSJ Podcasts
WSJ 10/17/2021
Their coronavirus vaccine candidate has made them billionaires. This modest German Turkish couple doesn’t own a car.Washington Post 10/17/2021
Dr. Fauci, NIH, HHS, lifted the ban on research and manipulation of virus in lab settings in 2018 The role played by the Cambridge Group of scientists who opposed lifting the ban on gain of function research for surveillance purposes. The US public and the public in the world in India, Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America unaware of what was going on. The devastating effects of the coronavirus in 202 and 2021 and the lack of a vaccine in 2020, lack of a vaccine in sufficient quantities in 2021. The paltry benefits of surveillance compared to the great risks of something going wrong, as pointed out by the Cambridge Group. Why was it ignored in 2018. Who makes decisions for public health in the world. Can the US make decisions for India, the people in Africa, Latin America and Asia. Does even the US public know about it, much less the public in the world at large. What power is given by the US Constitution to US government agencies on matters of public health. How are a few individuals at HHS and NIH accountable to the public in the US and the world at large.
Linked Articles
Opinion | Anthony Fauci and the Wuhan Lab
WSJ 06/03/2021
Ban on gain-of-function studies endsThe Lancet Infectious Diseases 06/04/2021
Linked Articles
Whichever way Israel’s election goes, Gantz is finished
The Times 03/23/2021
Israel: Benjamin Netanyahu faces election decision day | DW | 22.03.2021DW.COM 03/22/2021
Linked Articles
How a Couple’s Quest to Cure Cancer Led to the West’s First Covid-19 Vaccine
WSJ 12/02/2020
Pfizer Gets $1.95 Billion to Produce Coronavirus Vaccine by Year’s EndNYTimes.com 07/22/2020
Linked Articles
India's Covid vaccine landscape: Here is a look at leading candidates
The Economic Times 07/22/2020
Can India really have a coronavirus vaccine ready by August? | DW | 08.07.2020DW.COM 07/08/2020
Differing views of the Modi government, views of the middle class hurt by demonetisation uncertainty from Dhume and views representing the interests of the rural, lower income and other part of the middle class from Arvind Panagriya. Some of the changes brought about by the Modi government reflecting the vision of Mahatma Gandhi for fundamental change from the ground up in the villages and rural parts of India- health and sanitation, access to bank accounts, access to health care- coupled with Nehru's vision of modernization using the technologies of the twenty first century.
Linked Articles
Times of India Blog 06/05/2018
Modi government at four years: It has pushed through a range of structural reforms whose results will showTimes of India Blog 05/30/2018
A wariness with foreign powers in China stems from the influences left behind from the British commercial interests and the Japanese invasion of China. Compared to that period, the period of collaboration on an equal footing and playing field is is a short and recent one that has taken place for just three decades 1985-2015. Fears that the accelerated development in China could slow down without a strong central government, combine with the awareness of the need for western technology and open communications in today's global economy to accelerate the development, create in the Chinese mind a problem that needs to be tackled carefully to continue progress. Awareness of the huge inequalities and corruption in the rush towards modernization, need to tackle extensive contamination of air and water, and need for social security and healthcare for an aging population create a new urgency for careful policy making to sustain progress.
Linked Articles
Wall Street Journal 01/12/2015
‘China 1945,’ by Richard BernsteinNew York Times 01/09/2015
A new dynamic is taking hold in South Asia even as Indian officials remain skeptical. China's prime minister Li Keqiang visits India with a trade delegaton and sees trade reaching $100 billion a year between the two countries and growing rapidly. Pakistan's military and civilian leaders also see the urgency for modernizing the economy and building infrastructure as Pakistan begins to catchup with its neighbors in Asia.
Linked Articles
Pakistan army chief meets incoming prime minister in ‘good omen’ - The Washington Post
Washington Post 05/20/2013
In a Journey on a Crumbling Railway, a Picture of a Nationâs TroublesNew York Times 05/18/2013
Can Greece live up to its euro currency responsibilities, is the question raised inside the eurozone, as Greece renews its commitment to reforms to build a modern economy. A look back at politicians who emphasized euro currency responsibilities and the candid remarks by Tsipras in an intervew with Bret Stephens of the WSJ.
Linked Articles
The Politicians Who Warned Greece—but Were Ignored
Wall Street Journal 07/11/2015
Stephens: The Conscience of a RadicalWall Street Journal 01/28/2013
Linked Articles
The Deeply Odd Lives of Chinese Bureaucrats
Wall Street Journal 03/14/2013
What Keeps the Chinese Up at NightNew York Times 09/09/2012
Linked Articles
Wall Street Journal 02/03/2011
In Egypt’s bread, signs of economic weakness - The Washington PostWashington Post 02/11/2012
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