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Fareed Zakaria: Let’s be honest, Islam has a problem right now - The Washington Post
Keywords:
Bernard Lewis's "The Arabs in History," is a short book which confirms Zakaria's point about the openness of Islamic societies before the 19th century, with some exceptions in certain periods. Most books or a quick look at Wikipedia shows us that the Renaissance in Europe in the 15th century got its boost from books by ancient Greek authors that were available in Arab societies long after they were forgotten in Europe. His point about Indonesia and India is also true to a large extent except for periods such as the one under Aurangzeb (17th c.). Muslim societies in British India (todays Pakistan and Bangladesh) experienced less social and educational reforms under the British than Hindu societies for various reasons leading to larger backwardness, illiteracy which breed extremist ideas. This is likely to change throughout North African Arab societies and South Asia in the next 50 years, especially with the modernization drive underway in India, which is likely to spread to other parts of the region. Islam as a missionary religion with force of arms spread in the 7th-9th century rapidly over Arab North Africa and parts of west Asia, and later to South Asia. Once established there were long periods of openness to ideas and books, and different cultures ( with the exception of preferences for Muslims), and a stress on commerce which inherently reduces religious vehemence, as the example of Britain shows. For this reason the current conditions in Islamic societies is more atypical than typical. A factor that has worsened it is that 19th c.-20th c. Islamic societies have put less emphasis on commerce and industry than historically seen in prosperous Islamic societies, on which more research is needed to understand why. Another factor is the impact of the interface with technologically and scientifically progressing Europe and America not becoming a learning experience for acquisition of this science and technology and making it one's own, a pattern seen in Buddhist societies of Japan in 19th c., South Korea in 20thc.,and China 21st c. Because Buddhism sprang from Hinduism or a response to Hindu ideas in India, India could be put alongside China for the 21st c. rapid assimilation of western science and technology making it one's own. When there is a violent collison between Japan and U.S. Admiral Dewey's ships, or China and British advances around 1900, the initial reaction of rejection is reversed with adoption of western technology and practices making it one's own. Similiar response in India. Islamic societies have had an extended period of rejection for reasons not fully understood even today. This is likely to generate the kind of internal debate about how to revert back to the usual mode of adoption in Islamic civilization, with the potential catalyst in India and other locations in the Middle East. The most respected German of the 19th century is Alexander Von Humboldt, a naturalist who advanced scientific knowledge, and a mentor to Charles Darwin in England, author of "Origin of the Species." Humboldt says- "There are no inferior races, we are all humans, and we are all destined to reach for and grasp liberty." That Humboldt spent most of his best years in Paris, France, which he compared to the provincialism in his native Berlin, goes to show how Humboldt, Darwin and Humboldt's friend Aime Bonpland of France, maintained close cooperation and friendship and anticipated the close cooperation in Europe since the second half of the 20th c., long before European politicians and governments grasped this. Commerce, science, travel, media and free exchange of ideas, are as favorable to progress as politics and ideology is inimical to it.
A look back and insights from former U.S. Defense Secretary, Robert Gates, about Russia and Islamic terrorism not being the threats the way they are perceived
01/05/2009
A detailed look at Russia and Islamic terrorism from Gates that provides perspective and insights beyond the daily headlines about Russia (Georgia, then Crimea) and Islamic terrorists (in Iraq and the Middle East). Two critical points made by Gates about Russia- Russia lacks the capabilities it once had, and the demographics in Russia of a declining population which limit its influence. He sees Georgia, (and possibly Crimea) in the light of Russia exorcizing past humiliations something that Putin has repeatedly referred to in his speeches. The perspective also opens up thinking about what to look for in the future including surprises around the corner. By 2014 for example relations between countries in Asia had deteriorated regarding island disputes.
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An opportunity to set the Arab world and the Middle East in a new direction. The European Renaissance began with one of the important influences being ideas and books brought back from open and tolerant Islamic societies, the opportunity for leaders in the Middle East to borrow in the same way from open and tolerant Christian societies in Europe and America and forge their own path to a modern world and make their own contributions.
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Pakistan groping for a new identity after failure of religion in the state.
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The failure of Islam as astate ideology to give Pakistan peace with its neighbors, and to modernize Pakistan. Instead of working it has proved dysfunctional and led to failures in economic development, failure in building ademocratic state, and left the country in abackward state with many divisions along political and tibal lines. The new identity being sought would keep Islam out of politics and set new priorities.
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Wall Street Journal 04/22/2013
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Saudi Arabia and Salafism -a tolerance for extreme views of Islam in the Saudi state
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ISIS Atrocities Started With Saudi Support for Salafi Hate
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A Smooth Saudi Succession, but a Rough Road Ahead
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Saudis and Extremism: ‘Both the Arsonists and the Firefighters’
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Sociey and culture in Turkey caught between its Islamic Ottoman heritage and the modern period in the twentieth century
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The insurgency in Iraq in 2014 against the Maliki government's sectarian policies- the Islamic state of Iraq and Syria
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Mosul on the border with Syria is taken by the insurgents ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) who operate on the Syrian side against Assad. Mosul is Iraq's second largest city with different ethnic groups. Foreign fighters operating in Syria have joined the ISIS. Maliki had lost support in Mosul with his increasingly sectarian policies favoring Shiites and marginalizing Sunnis. The Iraqi forces lack training and are poorly organized compared to the insurgents fighting the Assad regime in Syria. The U.S. lost any chance of maintaining peace in the region with policies of the Obama administration distancing itself in Iraq, Syria and towards Iran's non-sectarian democracy movement. With moderates left in the cold in the region, sectarian influences are taking control and undoing the hard work of previous administrations. The hopes of the heavily young demographic oriented Middle East region in 2011-2012 for economic progress are now fading first into religious extremism and then into sectarian religious conflict, with Putin's government in Russia allowed by the Obama administration to pursue reckless policies in Syria against the interests of people in the region. A no fly zone or action of the kind taken in Libya at very small cost to the U.S. was not taken by U.S. president Obama. The failed reelection bid of Sarkozy in France left Britain's prime minister Cameron with no allies to pursue prudent policies in Syria that would have advanced democracy and economic development in the entire region.
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The Iranian movement of 50 universities that coalesces around December 7.
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Trade and commerce was an essential part of the great Islamic societies in history, giving them a large degree of openness and liberal ideas. This is not always present, but is so to a large extent in long periods of prosperity. For various reasons needing more research, this changed and reverted to less receptiveness to science and technology in the 19th c. and 20th c. , a period when great advances in medicine, industry, transport, were made in Europe and America. Buddhist societies confronted this influence in 19thc and 20th c. with warinness and suspicion, but later changed to open embrace for Japan in 19th c. , S, Korea in 20th c. , China in 21st c. , and India (as Buddhist-Hindu) in 21st c. The potential is for this to change with Indian and Indonesian Muslims acting as a catalyst for Islam swinging back to its usual mode, but can take a few decades to develop.
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Morsi’s ouster spells trouble for region’s other Islamist movements - The Washington Post
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New York Times 07/04/2013
The Muslim Brotherhood Party in Egypt and its relations with liberals and the Salafi Nour Party- 2012 -2013
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The breakdown in relations between liberals, the Salafi Nour party- who initially supported president Morsi in the 2012 elections for president- and the Muslim Brotherhood party in Egypt. At the time of the June 2013 street protests in Egyot against the Morsi government the liberals say the Morsi government did not take into account liberal opinion in formulating policy and Morsi's personal style was too authoritarian. The Salafi's oppose Egypt's efforts to improve relations with Iran. In June 2013 these Morsi supporters, who oppose a military run Egypt, backed off from supporting Morsi. Morsi's efforts against a Mubarak appointed judiciary were opposed by the liberals, and his effort to pass an Islamist based constitution without taking into account liberal opinion alienated the liberals. The sharp divide between rural support for Islamist parties, and liberals in the urban areas is seen in Iran, Turkey and Egypt.
Grouped Articles
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Morsi’s ouster spells trouble for region’s other Islamist movements - The Washington Post
Washington Post 07/04/2013
Jurist Sworn In to Lead Egypt Transition
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New York Times 07/04/2013
The split in Turkey's Islamist movement between the Gulen and Erdogan factions
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The Islamist Feud Behind Turkey's Turmoil
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Turkey Soccer Club Chief Sees Plot Behind His Conviction
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Fethullah Gulen’s interview with The Wall Street Journal in English
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Erdogan Aims to Ease EU Concerns
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Turkish Airlines and the debate between the secular and the Islamists in Turkish society
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Grouped Articles
Turkish Airlines CEO to Take Leave
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Morsi’s ouster spells trouble for region’s other Islamist movements - The Washington Post
Washington Post 07/04/2013
New York Times 07/04/2013
U.S. must suspend aid after Egypt’s coup - The Washington Post
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Turkish Air Charts Growth Path
Wall Street Journal 07/30/2010
Tunisia's new constitution in 2014- balancing the secular and the Islamic in a new consensus
01/14/2014
Grouped Articles
Tunisian Constitution, Praised for Balance, Nears Passage
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Fareed Zakaria: Let’s be honest, Islam has a problem right now - The Washington Post
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Islamist Party in Tunisia Appears Set to Rebound
New York Times 10/24/2014
Assassination in Tunisia Draws Spouse Into Politics
New York Times 10/25/2014
At Birthplace of the Arab Spring, Discontent Opens a Door to the Past
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Voter Turnout Bolsters Tunisian Hopes for Post-Revolution Stability
New York Times 10/26/2014
The Taliban and women's education in Afghanistan- the Afghan School in Kabul as pathway to progress
01/17/2014
Former Taliban officials run one of the best schools for girls and boys in Kabul. The Taliban coming to accept the idea of women's education that respects Islamic ideals. They see it as a bridge between religious education in madrassas and modern schools. Chemistry classes are shared by both boys and girls. This marks an important transiiton for Afghanistan as its neighbor Pakistan emphasizes modern ideas to improve infrastructure and services. It also creates the opportunity for a post U.S. withdrawal Afghanistan in which the Taliban see Islamic ideas respecting modern ideals.
Grouped Articles
Taliban Take Girls Back to School
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Fareed Zakaria: Let’s be honest, Islam has a problem right now - The Washington Post
Washington Post 10/10/2014
New York Times 11/19/2014
Pakistani forces kill alleged organizer of school massacre - The Washington Post
Washington Post 12/27/2014
How the Pakistani Taliban Became a Deadly Force
New York Times 12/16/2014
Unruly Factions Hurt Taliban’s Bid to Capture Afghan Hearts, and Territory
New York Times 01/02/2015
The internal debate in Islamic societes for a way forward using the best in Islam and Islamic history
10/10/2014
Grouped Articles
Fareed Zakaria: Let’s be honest, Islam has a problem right now - The Washington Post
Washington Post 10/10/2014
New York Times 11/19/2014
Teaching Islam’s ‘Forgotten’ Side as Germany Changes
New York Times 01/09/2015
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