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How ECB Bond Purchases Will Work
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Government bonds will be purchased by central banks of each country roughly in proportion to the size of their national economies in the eurozone. Risks for 80% of the purchases of bonds in the $1 trillion program will be borne by the central bank of each country. For 12% of the remaining bonds purchases will be made in the European Investment Bank bonds, here risk will be shared with the ECB. For the remaining 8% the ECB itself will make bond purchases. This avoids a situation where the risk of bonds going down in value is borne by that country and not passed on to other countries in the eurozone, as a matter of fairness in distributing risks. This also limits moral hazard where painful budget decisions are not made by countries in need of budget overhauls because risk can be passed on. A big reason why this can work in 2015 is that the eurozone has already emerged from the crisis period of 2012-2013, and is beginning to experience growth in 2015. Just this kind of boost to lending was provided by the U.S. Federal Reserve when the U.S. emerged from its crisis period in 2009-2011, and helped the economy grow in 2013-2014.
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01/22/2015
The risk for 80% of the bond purchases will be taken by each central bank within the eurozone, the remaining 20% will be shared between the central banks and the ECB. The program is carefully crafted to make sure risks of default or prices of a bond going down are not spread from one country to other countries in the eurozone. This was the only way to come up with a fair outcome that did not burden other countries such as Germany and create moral hazard. Eurozone economies expect to see growth in 2015 and have emerged from the crisis period of 2012-2013. The eurozone now can use the extra boost in lending promoted by the ECB, similiar to what happened with the Federal Reserve in the U.S.
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