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Reasons why the U.S. Stimulus spending failed to give the economy the boost it needed.

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Feldstein emphasizes the need to help homeowners with a plan he suggested back in June.. And suggests spending by the government to build infrastructure, other spending initiatives to stimulate demand, and rebuilding military capacity. Spending he suggests should be large enough to make an impact, as the loss of household wealth from falling home and stock prices could result in a loss in aggregate spending of $300 billion or more. He points to the need for urgent action.

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Tyler Cowan says slower growth in India is a troubling sign in 2012, and as significant if not more than the eurozone crisis. A less mentioned and major problem is the low productivity in agriculture, and he points to Japan, Taiwan, and S. Korea where major increases in agricultural productivity preceded successful industrialization. With growing population and continued growth India will be one of the largest economies in the world. The other major problem is shortages of energy supplies and the inability of state owned company, Coal India, to upgrade technology and increase output.

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The sectarian tensions between Sunnis and Shiites in the Middle East worsen as the Saudi government of the royal family executes a Shiite cleric, Baqr al-Nimr, involved in Arab Spring related protests in Saudi Arabia calling for change in the country to improve the conditions of minorities. The continuing war in Syria with the support of Iran, the involvement of Russia and bombing of Turkey related ethnic groups, worsen tensions in the Middle East. The Obama administration's efforts to work with Russia to bring a peaceful resolution to the Syrian civil war, cited by WP's correspondent Liz Sly, may have lost credibility with Sunni states because of Russia's bombing campaign in Syria and on the border with Turkey.

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The Economist warns in this editorial and cover issue that if Germany and the European Union do not act fast the Greek crisis could have a Lehmann like effect on Europe's banking systems, with a sovereign default. This would threaten the weaker economies of Portugal, Spain and Italy. As Simon Johnson has done on the pages of the New York Times, the Economist calls the German government and Chancellor Angela Merkel's handling of this crisis filled with ineptitude. Instead of leading the German people and giving a true account of things she followed public opinion- to see that Greece was punished for its mistakes and to provide a lukewarm show of support. A true account would have shown how Germay has gained from the euro, the huge portion of Greek debt that German banks hold, and the losses that the government would have to step in and avert in its banking system if Greece defaulted. Waiting till after a big regional election in Germany on May 9, was to show a lack of grasp of how such a crisis could explode if Greece in the meantime was shut out of capital markets (yield on Greek bonds shot up to 20%). Helping Greece was more in Germany's interest than an act of charity that public opinion in Germany seems to think it is. Other mistakes the Economist cites are- the idea that going to the IMF would be humiliating thus not bringing in the IMF actively much earlier. In the view of these experts it is the ineptitude that led to the loss of confidence in financial markets that now necessitates a much larger aid package for Greece, from $60 billon to $150 billion. The other is to have a slow decision making machinery in the Eurozone and knowing this not to have taken more aggressive action. Suggestions from the Economist as an adhoc measure- set up a single crisis management committee to make quick decisions. Set up a firewall between Greece and the other states like Spain and Italy so that contagion does not spread, with these countries also being shut out of financial markets at some future date if the situation deteriorates. The other is that the European governments should setup inter-governmental liquidity lines, and the European Central Bank act using the new arrangements....

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CEO's of more than 80 large U.S. companies have come together behind a plan that would reduce the U.S. federal deficit with tax revenue increases and reduced spending. The CEO statement was organized by the Fix the Debt campaign, a bipartisan effort inspired by Republican Alan Simpson and Democrat Erskine Bowles of the 2010 Simpson-Bowles Deficit Commission. The CEO statement calls for an overhaul of the U.S. tax code to eliminate or reduce deductions, credits and loopholes (reduction of tax expenditures also referred to as "broadening the base"). The CEO statement says any fiscal plan to succeed has to control increases in health care spending, make Social Security solvent, and include "comprehensive and pro-growth tax reform, which broadens the base, lowers rates, raises revenues and reduces the deficit." This is the first time a large group of business leaders have supported raising taxes as part of an overall solution. This puts together elements of the Bowles-Simpson plan, reduces deductions and loopholes, lowers rates as part of overall tax reform and cutting spending. The CEO statement says the Simpson Bowles recommendations for $3 in spending cuts for every $1 in tax increases was an "effective framework" for tackling a problem that affects the economic well being and security of the U.S....

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Nelson Schwartz of the NYT looks at the town of Neenah, Wisconsin, a year after the election in Wisconsin, Michigan, Pennsylvania with 80,000 votes swinging the other way from blue to red handing the election to Mr. Trump. The pressures are still there with cheaper imports, paper mills about to close, and workers still struggling to keep the same lifestyle as their parents. Even with low unemployment of about 3% in Wisconsin, with the slow increase in wages and corporate pressures for profits, trade wars, the sense is that the problems of the American middle class are still just as deep.

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The Republican party (GOP) chances with Trump as the candidate in 2024 are seen with much skepticism by Karl Rove in the WSJ. Republicans need to keep the presidential field of candidates not too crowded for too long, as pluralities in primaries led to Trump winning a large share of delegates even with about one third of the vote in the early primaries for the 2020 election. Another challenge is the work of Trump supporting leaders in states such as Michigan who want to select delegates by convention and not through primaries. Ron de Santis, Governor of Florida, is seeking the Republican nomination, and faces a strong challenge from the former president. De Santis, 44 years, is from Dunedin, Florida, His mother was a nurse and his father installed Nielsen TV rating boxes, with great-great grandparents immigrating from Italy Benevento, Avellino) in 1904. He studied history at Yale and went to Harvard Law School, Navy Justice School after joining the Navy. De Santis was elected to the US Congress in 2014 and 2016 where he served as the chariman of the sub committee on National Security. He founded the Freedom Caucus in these years. In 2018 he ran for Governor of Florida winning by 0.4%, running again in 2022 he won by about 20 percentage points. ...

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Fiat's Marchionne's decision to focus on the Fiat 500 and the Panda city car in the price sensitive European market. Fiat has no success in selling its Bravo larger car. In 2011 sales of the Bravo model were only 32,036 compared to VW Golf model sales of 522,370 in Europe, according to IHS Global Insight. Sales of the Fiat 500 were 119,836 units vs. sales of 83,150 for the BMW Mini in the first half of 2012. Fiat has suffered more than other automakers in the European market with sales decline of 16.7% compared to 7.2% decline for the overall market, for Jan-Sept 2012. Fiat's new plans are for five new Fiat models and three new Fiat light trucks in Europe between 2013-2016. Fiat launched the 500L minivan in Europe in Sept 2012. Fiat's European factories are running at 45% of capacity on average, and the European operations are likely to burn through 700 million euros in 2013, similiar to 2012, unlikely to breakeven before 2015 or 2016. This makes getting the product decisions right critical for Fiat. Fiat's chief in Europe, Gianluca Italia talks of the functional and emotional soul of Fiat cars for Europe in a emphasis on making Fiat's models in the price sensitive segments more distinctive and commanding a premium in the European market. Fiat's 500 has about a 25% premium over a similiar Ford Ka in its segment. The new Fiat 500 models will be exported to Asia and Latin America in an effort to increase capacity utlilization in its Italian factories....

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Chrysler's net income increased in 2012 to $1.67 billion, up from the $183 million in 2011. Revenue was $65.8 billion in 2012, increasing 19.6% over $55 billion in 2011. To see what impact taking ownership stake in Chrysler over four years has accomplished for Fiat one has to consider the losses Fiat would suffer without Chrysler. In France the lack of a foreign presence required Peugeot Citroen to look for government aid. Even the initial investment in Chrysler by Fiat made use of the $2 billion in a breakup fee for an agreement Fiat signed with GM before 2007. Showing the huge dividends Fiat has gained from the new management team installed at Fiat in the last decade. This makeover of Fiat was done using younger managers under an executive from outside the auto industry. That alone would have not saved Fiat, leveraging the skills at Chrysler was a crucial opportunity. Fiat now has a 58.5% stake in Chrysler. Taken alone Fiat would lose $1.04 billion euros or $1.4 billion in 2012, and would need government aid, even after the turnaround under Marchionne, showing how crucial taking the initiative to make the early investment in Chrysler was to saving Fiat. Sensing this opportunity when first Daimler and then Cerberus private equity failed with Chrysler, taking advantage of the government aid to Chrysler after the 2008 financial crisis, and creating a partnership with the government on issues such as fuel efficiency, may be the biggest achievements of Marchionne and his team of managers. Sensing the opportunity to get geographical diversification by taking on Chrysler separated Fiat from Peugeot Citroen, which lacked this diversification and had to turn to the French government for aid. Taking on the Chrysler venture, sensing the timing and balancing the risk with management knowhow, securing the right kind of deal with the U.S. government to reduce risks in 2008, turning Fiat technology in small cars into a saleable asset, and managing the relationship with the Obama administration, separates Marchionne and his team from a management team that would have seen its role in a purely Italian turnaround which would have not lasted. ...

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This Journal editorial talks about the role GE Capital has played in generating profits for GE under CEO Welch, and then leading to a need for government money to help GE Capital survive. It describes as hollow the claims GE makes about leading a drive for US renewal through jobs growth and innovation when earnings were driven by a finance division for many years during the financial boom in mortgages. Capital was then massively misallocated from productive uses to speculative investments. The claims about investment in jobs in the US rings hollow says the Journal, because GE continues to cut jobs in the US- employment in the US for GE fell by 34,000 between 2000 and 2009. By inviting "government to be a industrial policy champion, a financier and a key partner," as stated in a 2008 letter to shareholders, GE CEO Immelt, says the Journal, is simply inviting the same kind of capital misallocation that led to the housing bubble.

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Khairat el-Shatar, a leader of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. He was the main voice for the Brotherhood for many years and guided its direction to a movement that supports moderation and modernization. He also guided the Brotherhood in its participation in electoral politics in the Mubarak days and recently in the elections for the new parliament. He is also a businessman and provides financial support to the Brotherhood.

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A new bipartisan plan on comprehensive immigration reform with support from Senators Graham, McCain, Schumer, sets forth principles for legislation. This includes Democratic requirements for a pathway to citizenship for 11 million illegal immigrants and Republican requirements for stronger enforcement. A separate bill sponsored by Senator Orrin Hatch would expand the H1-B program for skilled immigrants and increase the number of green cards. Senator McCain said on a television news show: "We can't go on forever with 11 million people living in this country in the shadows in an illegal status."

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Unemployment in Fort Wayne, Indiana, is 6.8%, and 14,600 workers are looking for a job. Peters and Wessel talk to employers in this midwestern U.S. city and find that employers are looking for people in manufacturing with just the right set of skills, in other cases the benefits and parttime local school system jobs paying $8-$12 per hour with no benefits go unfilled because of the lower wage.

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Fears of contaminated infant milk powder in China and distrust of domestic brands. The large demand for foreign milk powder.

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It is written in the Bhagavad Gita (Swarupananda) "Know that these (two prakritis) are the womb of all beings, I am the origin and dissolution of the whole universe, Beyond me, O Dhanajaya, there is naught. All this is strung in me, as a row of jewels on a thread." Indonesian president Subianto won election by 58% of vote with promise for 90 million children free school lunches. He was invited guest for Bharat (India's) Republic Day parade in New Delhi alongside prime minister Modi of Bharat (India). Indonesia and Bharat in this part of Asia, it has 1.7 billion people. The ancient god Hanuman is revered in Indonesia and Bharat, the people here are determined to breakthrough into the modern world of science and technology. Japan, South Korea and China made progress since the 1890's over 135 years. Bharat is poised with Indonesia to bring 1.7 billion people into the Modern World for Vikshit Bharat Developed Bharat by 2047, the 100th anniversary of Independence. For this much of the work was done by Mohandas Gandhi, and less well known the selfless leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee in 1998-2004 and Modi 2016-2025. Without Vajpayee's leadership there would be no base for Modi's effort for modernization. Swami Vivekananda inspired in turn Gandhiji, Sukarno, Vajpayee, and Modi- the thread of yoga and Bharat runs right through it all as it is said in the Bhagavad Gita.     ...