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The Economist says working age young people arriving as migrants from war torn areas such as Syria should be welcome in the EU, because the EU's society is aging. As the labor force declines in the EU, it will need younger workers to make up for the declining labor force and the large number of pensioners to be supported. Fears of terrorism could be overcome by having a strong screening process, and cultural assimilation can be speeded up by providing free language education and access to the university system, as in Germany. This would turn the Syrian refugee crisis into a plus for countries such as Germany, which have a large program for newcomers. The war in Syria is so deep and widespread, and emigrants have made a long and perilous journey, making asylum a credible reason.

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As a group Hispanics are reported to be hit hardest by this recession, harder than African Americans. In a Feb 9, Washington Post poll, both African Americans and Hispanics were optimistic about the future for the next generation, even with the dismal economic prospects, because things have improved greatly for this generation of black people and Hispanics compared to their parent's generation. And this progress is projected into the future. As a group the most pessimism was shown by white people. Whites say the Obama administration is doing very little for their families, and not doing enough for the middle class and working class Americans and small businesses. They were much more critical about the the administration's cozy relationship and doing "too much" for Wall Street financial institutions. By a 2 to 1 margin whites saw the Obama administration's economic program as harming the national economy.

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De Aenile describes the volatility in stock markets after the Brexit vote. Earnings growth is slow and expectations are declining. Indexes of emerging markets are trading at 10 times earnings, say experts. The S&P 500 ended the quarter at 19 times earnings, compared to historical average of 15, according to this report. Uncertainty remains high in Europe and the U.S., and monetary policy is stuck in a low interest rate environment.

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Technology is reshaping the world of oil by 2018. The U.S. Permian Basin stretching from West Texas to New Mexico now produces more oil than the UAE and is likely to soon surpass Iran- production is at 3.1 million barrels a a day. There are as many rigs as in 2011 yet the production has tripled because of the use of high tech rigs that can move quickly to new locations over wide areas and with tech that can see hundreds of feet into the rock. By 2019 the U.S. will surpass Russia as the world's largest producer of oil. The drop in oil prices to about $40 a barrel in recent years is a result of Saudi efforts to block shale oil development by lowering prices. This has not worked. Initially some high cost producers exited the industry and the shale industry suffered. Over time the new technologies spurred by lower oil prices have led to the anticipated drop in cost. Shale oil can now be produced by core producers at $40 a barrel and still be profitable according to this WSJ report. All Middle Eastern countries cannot meet budget needs at $40 a barrel. In 2018 oil prices increased back up to $77 a barrel. In the next wave of declining prices the shale industry is better positioned than the OPEC countries.   ...

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Jacobs and Richtel of the NYT give this exceptional story of how Mexico changed between 1980 and 2016. Following the joining of NAFTA free trade zone the Mexican diet and food ecosystem began to more closely resemble the food diet system in the U.S. bringing with it severe health consequences. Soda and coke are now more entrenched in Mexico, as are fast food outlets. In 1980 only 7% of Mexicans were obese, compared to 20% in 2016, according to Institute for Health Metrics at the University of Washington. And diabetes kills 80,000 people a year, becoming the top killer according to the World Health Organization. A trade expert at Tufts University, Timothy Wise, says Mexico took on the worst aspects of a first world country like the U.S., with few protections. A similar problem is taking place in India and China as obesity grows, according to the T.H. Chan School of Public Health at Harvard, as low nutrient highly processed foods of large food companies with huge advertising budgets take a prominent place in diets. This is a growing problem for countries from Colombia to Ghana and Nigeria. ...

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Recognizing and being aware of the changes in our minds and thinking  with new waves of coronavirus actually helps us deal with it. This report says that fear or anxiety even if it is pushed to the periphery of consciousness produces a whole range of behavioural, emotional and physiological weirdness that most people have experienced themselves or noticed in others since March of 2020. Even if one gets used to the additional load one carries it still can weigh one down. We all have only this much mental energy, so that the effort required to ignore, repress, or shoulder this load of fear or anxiety reduces one's ability to be creative, connected or productive. By dealing with it constructively one can diminish the impact it has on us. This means being aware of it, acknowledging it and managing it in useful ways.  Experts cited here show that fear masquerades as other emotions including sadness, anger, irritation, or even excessive feel good behaviour. It can also be expressed in intolerant behaviours or hypersensitive. On the other side it could even be expressed in aloofness and being distant, or unfriendly. Fear can also show up in ways that reduce our ability to read social and emotional cues leading to improper or inept exchanges. Physiological changes can include muscle tension and fatigue, headaches, heart irregularities, dry mouth, hair loss, skin problems, and gastrointestinal symptoms. These symptoms are unrelated to pathology say health experts and are normal reactions to feeling threatened over a long period. Different people experience anxiety differently, and most people don't even know that this is what is making you feel this way. Instead of having unproductive exchanges with fear going back and forth one can have calmer, more useful exchanges. One should always ask say health experts- "So how are you and your family coping up in these weird times?" Mindfulness and spiritual ways of dealing with this are very useful. People slow down, calm their minds, and ask "what is going on in my head right now? Where in my body am I putting my tension?" Health experts say neurobiology supports this way of tackling it. Other useful ways are to set some predictable routine in your daily life- helps you think you are still in control of the parts of your life you can control. Thinking of others and helping others is a good way of keeping ourselves sane and healthy. Fear and anxiety may also serve some purpose- the negative emotion can be harnessed to do something positive and meaningful in our life, make changes in our lives for the better by helping others in society who are less fortunate or in difficulty. Just being larger than ourselves makes us feel a lot better day after day, till it becomes a part of us. ...

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Judge Rakoff is interviewed by Adam Liptak as an essay by Rakoff appears in the December 22 issue of The New York Review of Books. Judge Rakoff is critical of the Justice Department for not prosecuting individuals responsible in the 2008-2009 financial crisis and merely offering excuses. He discounts the Justice Department argument that proving intent is difficult or that proving fraud is hard because of the sophisticated counterparties on both sides. He says assistant attorney general in the criminal division Bauer's assertion that you have to prove the individual involved made a false statement, intended to commit a crime, and that the other side depended on this for what they were doing, is misleading. The government is not required to prove that one party to a transaction relied on another party. On the difficulty to prove wilful criminal intent for individuals several layers above those who made and marketed the bad securities, Rakoff says the legal doctrine of wilfull blindness could have been used. Reflecting on why the Justice Department has not prosecuted individuals for wrongdoing the way Milken, Keating and Skilling were prosecuted in prior financial crises, Rakoff comes up with a explanation. He says the government's own role and the role of firms throughout the financial system is suspect in the 2008-2009 financial crisis unlike prior crises. Not only regulators are failing to to do their job. The financial system offers incentives for the packaging of bad debt securities. Fannie Mae has government backing and its management buys these securities to expand access to housing for low income people. The profits made on these securities brings U.S. and foreign banks into this business and leads to a proliferation of these securities around the globe to the point that small towns near the North Pole end up with these securities in their portfolio. This complicates things for prosecutors who in some situations have themselves worked for banks selling these securities. In its slow deliberative way the Obama administration, the Justice Department, and the S.E.C.'s new head, move to prosecute firms during the administration's second term, but not enough is done and tackling individual responsibility for deterring future wrongdoing in the interests of a safe and fair financial system seems a long way off....

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US president Biden proposes to reduce the US deficit by $2 trillion by increasing taxes on American households worth more than $100 million that would apply to their earned income, and their unrealized gains on liquid assets like stocks. Biden also plans quadrupling the tax on stock buybacks by companies, a tax approved in the Inflation Reduction Act of 2021. The deficit in 2023 will be about $1.4 trillion and rise to about $2 trillion, so that Biden's plan is to practically eliminate the  large deficit if the Republicans come on board. Republicans prefer cuts in spending. US companies have engaged in a dramatic increase in stock buybacks in recent years leading to calls for increasing the tax on stock buybacks. Biden says even high income households will not see an increase in their taxes, only the wealthiest households with over $100 million who have benefited vastly through the Reagan type policies of the last two decades. These households with over $100 million in assets will not be affected in the same way as students, workers, and middle income households are affected in shouldering a large part of the burden of these Reagan type policies that did not adequately fund education, healthcare, and manufacturing in communities across America. This was a period when Democrats in Congress awed by Reagan type policies failed to vigorously oppose policy that increased the US deficit and burden on households for health costs by not allowing Medicare to negotiate prices with pharmaceutical companies. A senior AARP official says that when we talk about the Biden Inflation Reduction Act of 2021 the key component is the Medicare price negotiation with companies that is now law. Why Republicans and Democrats before Mr. Biden allowed such a gross distortion for two decades since 2001 that burdened ordinary  working Americans while neglecting American manufacturing, till Mr. Biden assumed the presidency, says much about the policies of the last two decades and how it has affected ordinary working families. Shriveling factory towns and creating much distress in these communities with these distortions that are a legacy of Reagan type laissez faire policies that government should do little. The result of these policies is that manufacturing is concentrated in only one country for the whole supply chain something that would never have happened with a thoughtful policy planning process. India and Vietnam are only today seen as alternatives for the supply chain in 2023 when policies were in place in these countries since 2014 for the supply chain to be distributed in a way that would be a win-win situation for all countries, avoiding the national security threats of today with overconcentration of manufacturing in China. This has not benefited China or the US because of the rancor and tension it has created. It was the fall of the Berlin Wall that created some of this awe for Reagan, when looking at it objectively it was nothing more than a course correction in Europe after the Hungarian revolution suppressed in 1956, Czech in 1968. It had little to do with what policies the US should pursue for workers and families, just as the war in Ukraine today remains another course correction in a different direction in Europe, and does not affect domestic policy in the US to build a better society for workers and families that Mr. Biden is doing. ...

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By the time NYSE began the switch to becoming a technology company it was too late, says one expert. Other stock exchanges such as the Frankfurt Stock Exchange switched entirely to electronic trading even as the NYSE clung to old ways. All the time the trading floor of the NYSE was losing trading volume, handling only 20% of all trading volume in NYSE-listed stocks in 2012, down more than 40% from 2007, according to analysts. NYSE's Liffe, European derivatives business that came from the merger with Euronext in 2007 alone could be worth about $6 billion, close to the market capitalization of NYSE Euronext. Liffe was one of the main reasons NYSE was attractive to ICE. NYSE CEO Niederauer and the Board sensed the danger if NYSE remained by itself, according to people informed about discussions. The feeling was NYSE would fall further behind in a few years and lose control over its future. This created a new urgency to the talks with ICE, a doable merger from a regulatory perspective because there was not much overlap in the businesses. Niederauer's personal relationship with Sprecher of ICE provided the catalyst to move ahead and work out details such as headquarters locations in Atlanta and New York City, and sharing of management roles with Niederauer reporting to Sprecher. In his letter to employees Niederauer made it clear that ICE was acquiring NYSE. ICE started with electricity trading in Atlanta, embraced technology and electronic trading as its foundation, and took advantage of the opportunities in using technology to meet the requirements set by the Dodd Frank legislation for derivatives and futures trading....

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This report by Timiraos in WSJ describes the tussle between supply siders led by Mike Pence and David Malpass with the zero sum advisors who advised Trump on trade during the campaign. The zero sum advisors are focussed only on how to turn trade to improve the U.S. position and cut trade deficits. The supply siders are trying to show that trade can benefit the U.S. only that it needs to be adjusted so that it works better for the U.S.

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Nokia's new hardware design strategy capitalizes on Nokia's strengths in design and manufacturing. Marko Ahtisarri, Nokia's head designer sees opportunity in coming up with phones that have more natural forms, and move away from the black, grey metallic rounded-corner rectangles. He wants to design a phone that would let users keep their heads up, so they can have contact with their environment even as they use their phones.

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About 9% of the total taxes in Texas and Louisiana for fiscal 2013 are from severance taxes for extraction of oil and gas, according to Nelson Rockefeller Institute of Government. For Alaska this is 78% and for N. Dakota 46%. A prolonged oil slump will reduce growth in the oil producing states including Wyoming and Oklahoma. Rainy day funds in N. Dakota and Texas will help meet spending for the next 2 years.

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One of the big changes is to give responsibility to younger managers. Chairman Whitacre's marching orders are to cut executive ranks and gve responsibility to a whole new group of younger managers. Performance reviews and goal setting is short-one page. The organizational chart for vehicle reviews that required 70 or so executives to pass on it is gone. Product decisions are made at weekly meetings with the President present. And people are not supposed to fear speaking up if a change is needed to what they are doing for a product. Debate is in and seniority is not supposed to be the factor it once was. 50 page presentations are out. Reuss, who heads global engineering, describes his start in 1983 as a student intern, and the lack of debate that made it impossible for him to say anything about the failed Aztek van, that his bosses might not like to hear.Its as if these types of product decisions were somehow the work of higherups with managers not having an equal or more important say....

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Germany is adjusting its requirements for residency permits and work permits for refugees. It will let asylum applicants take temporary jobs by 3 months after applying for asylum. Current law bans migrants from working through temp agencies for the first 4 years in Germany. The government will lower hurdles for job applicants who are refugees. Government policy of Angela Merkel's coaltion is- "people who have the right to protection and stay in Germany permanently should find employment rapidly and earn their living themselves." This is critical to the large effort to absorb about 1 million refugees in 2015, as it will meet the needs of companies and not cost the government additional outlays for social payments to refugees. The initial response from companies such as SAP, Thyssen Krupp, and smaller companies has been very positive, and shows why Germany is uniquely positioned of all EU countries to be able to take on this challenge on both humanitarian and mutually beneficial basis.

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Since 2011 democracy protests Tunisia's unemployment rate has increased from 13% to 18%, with an estimated 750,000 people unemployed. About one third of the unemployed are college graduates. By 2015 about 100,000 new college graduates will be looking for jobs each year. Tunisia's economy contracted 1.8% in 2011 with a 30% drop in tourists, according to the World Bank, which predicts 2.2% growth in GDP in 2012 and 4.6% by 2014. The democracy struggle in the Middle East started in Tunisia and demographics in Tunisia are similiar to that of the rest of the Middle East, with a surging number of young people and college graduates looking for jobs.

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An assessment of progress in free trade and generating jobs in N. America under the NAFTA agreement between the U.S., Canada and Mexico. The agreement was signed under President Clinton in 1994. NAFTA removed existing tariffs on over half of the exports from Mexico to the U.S. and phased out remaining tariffs between the U.S., Canada and Mexico. The U.S. had two way trade of $918 billion with Canada and Mexico in 2010, according to the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. Canada is the U.S.'s top trading partner, with $462 billion in trade through Sept. 2012, and U.S. trade with Mexico- expected to overtake China- is at $369 billion in the same 9 month period of 2012.