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Problems with China's one child policy are becoming more urgent. New census figures show China's birth rate has dropped to below the replacement rate. Based on the national census in 2010, the figures show the total population at 1.34 billion. The average annual population growth rate for 2000-2010 is 0.57%, which is half the rate of 1.07% in the prior decade. This data suggests a total fertility rate, the number of children a childbearing woman can have at just 1.4, way below the replacement rate of 2.1. This is also happening as the population is ageing rapidly and the gender balance is being skewed because of the bias towards males under the one child policy. The percentage of the population above age 60 is 13.3%, up from 10.3% in 2000. The percentage of the population under the age of 14 declined from 23% to 17%- a big drop. This means that the demographic dividend China experienced is being exhausted. Wang Feng, director of the Brookings-Tsinghua Centre for Public Policy, is one of those trying to get the governmet to change its one child policy. He says the demographic patterns in China were changing even before the one child policy came into effect in 1980. The total fertility rate of 2.3 in 1980 had gone down significantly from the 5.8 in 1950. Indonesia and other countries in Asia also saw signficant drops in the total fertility rate without a one child policy. A large Chinese bureaucracy has formed around the one child policy and it is reluctant to admit the need for change, but policymakers are now paying attention to the facts from the census.