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Consumer buying habits at Walmart in the last 6 months since the sharp downturn in the economy hit in October 2008. Executives in merchandising at Walmart, Target and other stores discuss trends with the WSJ. There is adisciplined shopper with less browsing on the aisles. FOod is up on the list. Private label groceries at lower cost are selling well. At Walmart sales are up for refrigerated pizza,lower grades of meat. Ground beef and chicken sell way better than steak and beef. And carbohydrates are doing better than protein foods, so that pasta is doing well. Staying at home and entertaining at home is the trend says Fleming of Walmart, from the take and bake pizza at $5 to the movie and popcorn. Which is why the luggage section and trvel is slow, and flat screen tv's are selling well. Vitamins, herbs and plants for vegetable gardens are up as customers try to plant their own vegetable gardens. Car maintenance and repair is big, sales of motor oil, filters and tires. are some of Walmarts big sellers. Whatever makes the car last longer is considered attractive by customers. And home repair items are selling well at Home Depot....

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Rising fuel prices are altering buying patterns across airlines, autos, food and other businesses says this report in WSJ. With prices at over $5 a gallon the impact is being felt across the US and other economies. Export of oil from the US for arbitrage opportunities and lack of growth in the shale industry with price volatility, is resulting in shortages of supplies and higher prices. About one fifth of the 8.3% inflation increase in April 2022 in US was from oil price increases. Similar patterns are seen in Europe and other countries. Inflation is expected to last through 2023.

Pent up demand for travel after the pandemic lockdowns means travel by car and by airline is increasing at a time of higher inflation and oil prices. Motorists in the US are making more frequent trips to gas stations as they fill up for a specific dollar amount.

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Since 2000 the area under millet cultivation in India is steadily declining, reversing only since 2015. In 2006 millet was taken regularly by 39% of the population in India. By 2021 it had declined to 9 days a month. The area under cultivation for nutri-cereals declined from 41 million hectares in the 1980's to 24 million hectares in 2018 The reason being low yields, processing hand pounding millets time consuming laborious task of women, very little marketed.

Over the last 10 years production of sorghum (jowar), has declined, of pearl millet (bajra) stagnant, finger millet (ragi) also declining. Productivity of jowar and bajra has increased only marginally.

With these problems India if it is to realize the mission for millets in India's food supplies and nutrition, and export to the world, has to use mechanized hulling, better seeds, and improved agricultural practices, access to markets.

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WSJ's Christopher Mims shows the failure of tech startups in low margin industries in which the startups added little real innovation. What he does not say is that these so called "tech startups" have caused a massive capital misallocation and poor productivity of capital for trillions of dollars of American savings. This  happened when the productivity of capital for infrastructure and manufacturing industries in which the US has fallen behind is increasing. It has also caused "crowding out" of essential government investments in infrastructure and manufacturing in the US. In food delivery, used car delivery, online streaming and a whole range of business startups sales are falling as consumers hit by high inflation are budgeting carefully for all expenses. Many are disappearing after years of losses leaving a trail of destruction that includes the unrealized infrastructure and manufacturing that America's communities so badly need.  ...

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China's food imports have grown from $15 billion to a staggering amount of $200 billion a year in 2023. China bought 90 million tons of soyabeans in 2022 or 60% of world trade, to make tofu and feed pigs, much of it from Russia. Fruit imports have grown after the pandemic with bananas from the Philippines and Cambodia, Durian and tropical fruit from Vietnam, And soy imports from Russia, shrimp from India, avocados from Kenya. Huge warehouses the size of plane hangars are used to store Durian fruit in Vietnam and have made farmers there rich. The problem in central highlands of Vietnam is "singularification," where farmers rip up land used for coffee crops and rice to plant durian whose price has doubled for exports to China. Durian is only in demand in China, coffee prices are stable and can be exported all over the world for Vietnam's Robusta coffee.

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The coalition of socialist, greens and communist parties could win about 205 seats says the Ifop poll. Jean Luc Melenchon is leading a effort by socialist parties to form the next government in France. It is the only alternative to Mr. Macron's party in the parliamentary elections on June 12 and June 19. Meenchon supports raising the minimum wage by 15%, introducing a wealth tax and lowering the retirement age. Another poll by BVA shows only 35% of French voters want Macron's party to win a majority. 

Germany under Scholz's socialist SPD and Greens has increased the minimum wage to 12 euros per hour as part of the election platform. The trend in Europe is now for support to workers and families to meet the high cost of living with inflation accelerated by the war in Ukraine, the energy shortages and higher food prices.

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By large margins voters have favorable opinions of Harris and Walz. For 52% of the WSJ survey Harris has the right temperament to be president, for Trump this was 42%. 40% of voter sample have unfavorable views of Walz compared to 50% for Vance. 82% of the voter sample say they know enough information about Harris to make a firm opinion. Even though media presents it as people not so familiar with Harris. A big difference is seen in views about Project 2025- only 9% have favorable views of Project 2025 that would terminate civil servants, restrict abortion access, and end the Department of Education. 57% have unfavorable views of Project 2025, 53% very unfavorable views.

These are general trends. Harris is changing perceptions on her handling of the economy and cost of living by outlining her plans for specific action on housing, child care and food costs.

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Thanks go to Pfizer and CEO Albert Bourla for their latest effort the antiviral pill Paxlovid, says the editorial Board of the WSJ. It reduces viral load ten fold and is a game changer in the pandemic, says the WSJ, when vaccinations are not as effective as they could be with the large number of unvaccinated. Pfizer charges $530 per treatment for the 10 million doses ordered by the Biden Administration and signed a voluntary licensing agreement with UN backed Medicines Patent Pool for worldwide access. This should enable access in all countries.

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State finances in the US are in strong shape with the federal stimulus and rapid recovery, says this report in the WSJ. US states will hold 136.8 billion in rainy day funds. This is 12.4% of total spending. Healthy reserves make spending cuts and laying off workers for local governments and states unnecessary in an economic downturn. This is a good sign for the US economy.

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A much smaller contraction of 7.5% in the third quarter after a drop of 24% in the second quarter is good news for the Indian economy, says this editorial in the Hindustan Times. The Indian government investment should be increased to sustain the recovery, as second generation reforms made by the Modi administration have increased the potential growth in the economy, it says.

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The S&P 500 index gained 5.9% the week of October 29th for its best gain since November 2022. For 2023 it has gained 14%. A jobs report showing less job growth of 150,000 slightly higher unemployment at 3.9% and slowing inflation, led the US Fed to pause raising interest rates. This has created optimism that inflation would gradually decline which is good for the economy.

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New Harvard Medical School studies showing importance of lithium in the brain to prevent Alzheimer amyloid plaques and tau tangles, shown in this report of Washington Post by Mark Johnson. The studies at Harvrd Medical School will appear in Journal Nature. A 2017 study in Denmark showed presence of lithium in drinking water lowering dementia. The studies done on mice have to be now tested on humans. The brain uses only very small amounts of lithium to maintain the good functioning and prevent plaques and help neurons to communicate and talk with one another. Lithium helps form the myelin that coats and insulates the communication lines and helps microligial cells clear cellular debris.

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Good practices for planning retirement in today's environment. Delaying retirement and working longer is important to increase the amount of money available for retirement, especially in today's low return environment. Avoiding increasing the ratio of stocks to bonds and cash beyond the 40% that has become an established practice is important say experts. The 4% rule for withdrawals after retirement should be modified to 3% because of uncertain returns in today's environment. Delaying Social Security adds 8% each year to monthly benefits, says one expert, making this an important and necessary practice in planning for retirement for all Americans.

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Daniel Webster once said the Nation will do fine as long as it retained faith in the Bible and in spirituality. In 2025 33% of Americans attend religious services, 68% (Christians Jews Buddhist/Hindu) pray once a day, 80% believe in spirituality. This is shown in the Pew Research Religious Landscape Report just out in 2025. In America 40% are Protestant, 19% Catholic, 4% other Christian, and 2% Jewish, 2% Buddhist/Hindu. About 65% of the population openly identify with Christianity and the Bible, and this is now stabilized over the last 5 years. It is important to remember that Abraham Lincoln questioned some church religiosity and practices, yet had a profound belief in the Bible, his Devotional based on the Bible that was published in London in 1854 was one that he kept with him for most of the years serving the Nation. For close to 70% of the population having a belief in the Bible, and in God, is a good sign for the future of the Nation as it approaches it's 250th year, and a community that settled these British colonies and a vast continent since the 1600's for 400 years. ...

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With the decline of about 40% in Ford Motor's share price under Mark Fields, a new CEO Jim Hackett takes over in 2017. He has a history of implementing turnaround strategies, and headed the Mobility unit at Ford. His turnaround stories were at the University of Michigan football program and at furniture maker Steelcase. Hackett spent 17 years at Steelcase and admired Jo Schembechler, football coach at the University of Michigan. Quotes from the coach were used at Steelcase, and Hackett was hired to get the University of Michigan's football program back on track. His main trait is persistence and perseverance from his football days, when he was too small and too slow for the position in the team, but labored on making others work harder. He landed Jim Harbaugh by calling him every week, which made him popular with Michigan team fans and with the chairman of Ford Motor, Bill Ford. He was seen as having originality by Silicon Valley companies, which impressed Bill Ford. Hackett, 62 years, has to tackle the job of running a large company, something he has not done before. Facing the challenge of driverless cars Ford is turning to an outsider from a different industry, but unlike Alan Mulally of Boeing in an earlier turnaround, Hackett comes from a small company. ...

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Shiller's view on the housing bubble and on why rational people like Greenspan came to the wrong conclusion about housing bubble. others judgement and willingness to pay higher prices will influence our own. But what about the delayed reaction hypothesis, that everything just takes a much longer time to work out as on would rationally expect, bubble phenomena just extend the time period and add a huge lag effect for the rational conclusion about a market to finally play out. Why? For one reason if its very profitable to the participants they will do everything in their power to extend the duration of the good times by coming up with new tricks and new mechanisms, creating distortions that will in the end magnify the ill effects after the bubble bursts. The SIV's constitute some of these new tricks and mechanisms to extend the duration of the good times in the current housing bubble and the complexities they create magnify the ill effects of the bubble after it has ended, one because no one knows for sure if all the bad debt is out in the open and so see the need to set aside extra reserves and be cautious lenders in the case of the banks leading to a bad credit squeeze, and more lasting damage to the economy....

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Devendra Fadnavis was Mayor of Nagpur from 1997 to 2001 and represents Nagpur in the State Assembly of Maharashtra. This story in the Indian Express describes his evolution in recent years focused on development work in the state, getting a first hand look at conditions in the state how they relate to missing development, and hard work. As states and state leaders compete in India for good governance, transparency, delivery of development goals, and good management related to infrastructure projects in each state, new leadership is taking on a serious role. Single minded determination and hard work to achieve development goals is important to deliver the for too long missed development goals of one of India's largest states Maharashtra.  National Institute for Transformation of India, NITI Aayog, has 7 pillars for effective governance and Fadnavis now faces the challenge of bringing results in these 7 areas set by the federal government under PM Modi. They are: 1. Pro-People  2. Pro-Activity  3. Participation. 4. Empowering   5. Inclusion of All  6. Equality  7. Transparency   ...

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"Once social change begins it cannot be reversed. You cannot uneducate a person who has learned to read. You cannot humiliate a person who feels pride." The United Farmworkers union was formed by migrant farm workers Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta to bring decent wages and good working conditions for farm labour in the US, with most of the work done in California farm areas. March 31st is now Cesar Chavez Day in the US with a Biden proclamation. His niece is shown in the adjoining article as an adviser in the White House and now campaign manager for 2024. She is a softspoken Latina who grew up around Chavez in the fields and farm pickup trucks of the sixties and seventies, as shown in the Washington Post on this page. Biden has proposed an overtime rule for farmworkers, and ensuring farm workers get a fair wage and decent working conditions is the goal of the White House- including recovering $21 million in back pay and wages ensuring 26,000 farm workers get the wages they earned. And remaining steadfast says Biden to ensure workers get paid sick leave, good working conditions. ...

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The election of Claudia Sheinbaum of the Mexico Regeneration Party Morena with about 60% of the vote, a margin of 30% over the Opposiion parties Galvez, shows the strong support for current  president Lopez Obrador who is limited to one term of 6 years. Sheinbaum, a close associate of Obrador during his time as Mayor of Mexico City, and his successor as Mayor, was chosen to run by Obrador. Morena Party won 6 of 9 governor elections in states and 253 of 300 Congressional seats, practically sweeping the whole country except for Guanajuto. This shows that the Mexican people believe that Obrador had carried Mexico through the pandemic, through the difficulties in relations with the US and the negotiation of a new trade agreement with US and Canada, and set the country for steady growth by support for the economy and good governance. He has also helped build popular support by working to improve the standard of living of the poorer classes in Mexico. Obrador tackled corruption in Mexico to give Mexico good governance following decades of corruption. ...

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The US tariff on China made EV"s imported into the US is 100%. The EU has a 10% tariff. It has now imposed additional tariffs that range from 17% to 38% depending on its investigation with Chinese companies on how much support they get from the Chinese government as hidden subsidies. This move is to level the playing field. The result is that BYD faces a 17% tariff because it has operated relatively on its own. For Geely and SAIC it goes up to 38%. The tariff on European companies making EV's in China and exporting them is additional 21%. US carmakers (GM and Ford) have only a small presence in the Chinese car market compared to the Europeans who  make and sell 3 million luxury cars in the Chinese market (BMW, Audi, Mercedes Benz). About 25% of EV's sold in Europe are now China made EV's. The EU wants to level the playing field so that local makers maintain a strong presence in their home markets. The US with no significant car manufacturing presence in China of Ford, GM to protect is taking stronger action. ...

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Ford plans to reduce the weight of its F-150 pickup truck by about 700 pounds, a 15% reduction in weight, by switching parts of the body from steel to aluminium. The new F-150 pickup truck is designed to be introduced in 2014 and capable of meeting new fuel efficiency standards through 2020. This would enable a 25% increase in fuel efficiency and help meet the Obama administration fuel efficiency standards of 2011, which require the U.S. vehicle fleet to average 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025.

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New laws passed by decree by Chavez that wwould send food company managers to jail if they violated government imposed price controls and power to nationalize companies in the food industry without National Assembly approval. This is because Chavez faces growing unpopularity with food price increases. Also by decree Chavez has established a National Bolivarian militia. And an anticorruption official has banned some popular opposition politicians from running in the November regional elections including Leopoldo Lopez from runnung for mayor of Caracas.