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Episode 121 of Mann Ki Baat by PM Modi of India on April 27, 2025 covers a range of subjects from the economic advancement of Kashmir region and the efforts to disrupt this economic progress, to the fight for freedom at Champaran and the role played by Rajendra Prasad. It looks at the British rule in India forcing farmers in Bihar to destroy their land's productivity by planting indigo to meet British traders demands. This was leading to farmers and their families starving for lack of food till Mohandas Gandhi took up the struggle to help farmers with the first test of Satyagraha struggle.Modi describes the months of April as a period of independence struggles from the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre by the British in the Punjab, and the Dandi March from the sea to protest British Salt Tax. Modi describes the efforts to aid Myanmar in earthquake relief, and vaccine aid to Nepal and Afghanistan. He talks about India's scientific mission to Moon, Mars and its 106th launch of space satellite flights. He describes how science is attracting the nation's youth and its imagination as even in Chhatisgarh science centers are attracting young people. This gives a good sign about the future for modernization of the biggest nation in the world. ...

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Aeroflot is listed on the London stock exchange. It is going through a makeover by ordering Boeing and Airbus planes to become profitable, because the older Russian made Tu-154 planes were costly to operate with higher fuel consumption. The Sukhoi Superjets are being built in partnership with Boeing. Kramer says the aircraft industry operates on long timelines so that the lack of local aircraft comparable to Embraer of Brazil and Bombardier of Canada is more a reflection of the situation in the 1990's than of today. Newer aircraft are planned for the next decade for smaller midrange planes. In the meantime Aeroflot is selling all of its Tupolev aircraft and plans to layoff 6000 workers during the transition to profitability. Till 2009 Aeroflot was run by Yeltsin's son-in-law, as were many other companies managed by Yeltsin's inner circle during that period. Following changes made by Putin in 2009, a new CEO was appointed to better manage the transition of the airline into a national and global carrier....

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Investing strategy that is in contrast to PIMCO's Gross and El-Erian view that we are entering aperiod which is the "new normal"- aperiod of diminished expectations with stocks playing a smaller role. This means that investors hold as little as 30% in stocks. Barry Ritholtz, CEO of Fusion IQ, a quantitative research firm says he sees this recession as similiar to the 1973-74 recession and sees growth picking up by 2013, or 5 years into this one. Ritholtz thinks its wise to have larger investmetns in fixed income and similar investments, but also to have exposure to stocks in growth areas of the world. Robert Arnott of Research Afiliates, aresearch and analytics firm, suggests a mix of five even baskets: Us stocks paying healthy dividends, stocks and bonds from mature foreign economies, stocks and bonds from emerging markets, stocks and bonds built around oil and commodities to hedge against inflation, and 20% in bonds. including Treasury inflation-protected securities. Such aweighting would increase stocks as apercentage of the portfolio to 50%....

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Because of the proliferation of information and content on the internet, it is the services that help users navigate the content that do well not the content producers. This is one of the big reasons for the continuing failure of AOL and Yahoo. U.S. onine advertising went up to $31.3 billion in 2011 from 2010, according to eMarketer. Yahoo's share of U.S. online advertising will decline to 11% in 2011 from 16.1% in 2009. And AOL's dropped to 2.7% from 4.4%, according to eMarketer. The average cost to reach one thousand views on Yahoo in July 1998 was $25 per thousand, it is $6.50 in July 2011, and was $7.65 in July 2010, according to SQUAD Webcosts. Rob Norman, CEO of WPP PLC's GroupM North America, says he is really skeptical about the value Yahoo brings. He sees it as mostly commoditized inventory, and little that has a unique value to users. Analysts say that over time this problem of falling ad rates with commoditizing of content and proliferation of inventories could be faced Facebook by also....

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The influence of the spontaneous and bold George Romney, three term governor of Michigan, and presidential candidate in 1968, on his son Mitt Romney during the final weeks of the 2012 U.S. presidential campaign. George Romney as CEO of American Motors was known for going over the fence to talk directly with UAW union workers. A more cautious approach of Mitt was an effort to correct Dad's weakness of talking out loud in a media intensive world where everything gets analyzed instantly. During the final weeks with this cautious approach having its own problems in not giving voters a clear picture of who the candidate is, Mitt Romney found himself again turning to "Dad," for that spontaneous and bold approach to put himself out there for who he is. On the lectern before the start of the first presidential debate Mitt scribbled the word "Dad," a reminder of how he should handle the debate with Obama. Ann Romney shared this with a television reporter in a choking voice.

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Sharp showed a loss of $3.1 billion for the third quarter of 2012, far larger than expected. Sharp's new forecast is for losses of $5.6 billion for 2012. Sharp CEO, Takashi Okuda, even said the company has "material doubts" about its survival because of "serious negative operating cash flow." Sharp made large bets on LCD panel manufacturing with large investments in added capacity as the television market turned into a commodity business with declining prices and with new competition from China. Just one factory in Sakai, Japan, could manufacture 6 million LCD panels a year- the total global market size at the time. Two other events hurt Sharp- missing the smartphone shift with the introduction of the iPhone in Japan in 2008 leading to a sharp drop in sales, and the collapse of the solar business with cheap products from China. The global economic crisis and overstretched consumers in the U.S. and Europe led to declining sales. Sharp's new factories for LCD panels at Kaneyama now make panels for iPads and iPhones. ...

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After test driving a Tesla Roadster in California in April 2010, Akio Toyoda, Toyota CEO, asked a senior executive Ihara to test-drive Tesla's Model S prototype car. This has led to a deal between the two companies, Tesla Motors and Toyota. Under this deal Tesla will use the NUMMI manufacturing facilities in Fremont, California, to build the Model S electric car. Model S is Tesla version of an electric car that would fit high end customer's budget for an electric car. The Model S price is starts at $50,000. Before this Tesla build 1000 Roadster electric cars which cost $100,000 each. Tesla was given $465 million by the US governmet to make a car that would be closer to what car buyers pay for premium cars. As part of this deal Toyota will buy $50 million of Tesla stock after its IPO. Toyota will cooperate with Tesla in the development of electric car parts and production systems and engineering. Separately Toyota plans to bring its own electric car to the market by 2012.

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Jurio Osawa talks to Toshiba Corp.'s CEO, Norio Sasaki about Toshiba's plans to increase investments in infrastructure businesses, including nuclear energy. Sasaki sees continuing need to use nuclear energy because of limited supplies of oil and gas to meet needs in emerging markets. He sees demand growing for nuclear energy in China, Brazil, India, Turkey and Vietnam. Toshiba owns Westinghouse Electric, a maker of nuclear power equipment, and acquired Landis+Gyr, a Swiss company which makes advanced power meters. Demand for Westinghouses' AP1000 reactors with safety equipment in China is expected to grow from the 4 being built today to 20 in 2020, and 70 in 2030. He says the consumer electronics businesses have suffered because of the strong yen, and for the failure of Japanese companies to taking strong action to improve their competitive position and staying ahead of market trends. At the same time the consumer electronics business generates cash because investment requirements are low compared to infrastructure businesses, which is why Toshiba will continue to operate in profitable parts of the consumer electronics business....

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Serious doubts remain about the effectiveness of value at risk or VAR quant models used by JP Morgan Chase to measure potential losses on a trade on a bad day. A newer model used by Chase in the first quarter showed smaller losses. When the old model was run this trade showed double the losses according to Chase managers. Greenberger, a former CFTC official and a professor at the University of Maryland School of Law, says if the trade become hard to unwind it shows poor risk management. And experts say it is not much of a hedge if it is done in an obscure part of credit markets and hard to unwind without serious losses. Peter Tchir, a former head of index trading at RBS bank, says CEO Dimon must have seen these kinds of hedges as part of his overall strategy, which is why he supported them in April 2012. The problem lies in that the bank size has grown to such proportions that its simply too big to manage, with trades it has to make becoming massive as a consequence.

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Commodities prices hit a low in June before the second Greece election on June 16, with lower unemployment numbers in the U.S. and growth of 6-7% in India and China. Still average prices of oil in 2012 of $115 a barrel are higher than the level in 2011. And corn prices dropping to $5.25 a bushel are still high compared with prices earler. Corn farmers in the U.S. are adding to acreage. The relatively lower prices also give more room for smaller stimulus by central banks to stimulate growth. Freeport-Mining CEO, Richard Atkinson said in a presentation that the growth is coming on top of a bigger baseline for China, India and Brazil. China's copper consumption went up by about 6 million tons a year, averaging 13% growth a year in the period 1995-2010. Now even with slower growth at 6% a year, by 2025 he estimates China's copper consumption at 9 million tons per year. This is a structural change that is supporting commodity prices, says Amrita Sen, analyst at Barclays Capital.

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Air Canada is planning a campaign to persuade business travellers to try Air Canada hubs in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, for flights to Europe, Asia and other long distance destinations. This strategy is aimed at secondary markets in the U.S. that lack direct service to Asian countries. Toronto's Pearson airport has just completed a C$4.4 billion modernization. In Vancouver and Montreal passengers connecting to the U.S. will no longer have to claim their baggage and will go directly to U.S. customs. The same arrangement is being planned for Toronto this fall. Air Canada is counting on its fleet of younger planes and wide body aircraft and a pleasant experience through Canadian airports. Recent capacity additions for Aisa will also help. Air Canada's trans-Pacific traffic increased by 22% in 2010 from 2009. Air Canada made a profit in 2010, after suffering a serious loss of 1 billion Canadian dollars in 2008. Air Canada's CEO Calin Rovinescu's strategy is part of his effort to make Air Canada "an international powerhouse," making Toronto and other Canadian hubs some of the world's major gateways....

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Norway's sovereign wealth fund, the Government Pension Fund Global, is run by Yngve Slyngstad. The fund has $570 billon, $100,000 for each of Norway's 4.9 million people. The fund took a 23% loss in 2008. Then the fund made a shift from 40% equity holding to 60% equity holding, which has paid off. The losses were reversed with a 26% gain in 2009 and a 10% gain in 2010. The fund gets all of Norway's oil revenues less about 4% of the fund's value that goes to the state budget. Slyngstad became CEO in 2008, and persuaded finance ministers to take on greater risk, leading to $175 billion in stock investments during the financial crisis. He has told Parliament that he will get returns of 4% after inflation- higher than returns of 3.1% that were made since 1998. With assets equal to 2% of the total market value of stocks trading in Europe, the Norwegian fund is a major investor. Rules set for the fund prohibit investments larger than 10% in any one stock.

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The 25-30 fishing vessels and tugboats that have supplied Misurata by sea, act as an essential lifeline to the city besieged by Ghadafi. The boats operating under cover of darkness carry both humanitarian supplies and war needs for defence of the city. Libyan volunteers staff these boats, volunteers who believe that the people have finally found their voice against the Arab strongmen who have run countries in their region for decades. The defence of Misurata has another passion for these people, men like Saif Nasser who runs the tugboat Al Iradah 6- and this is to prove to the world that the Libyan people's struggle is not a sectarian struggle which should end with a partition of the country's east from the west. Misrata is a coastal city only 130 miles from Tripoli's coast. If the city is being defended against all odds, it tells the world that this is a popular struggle to build a new democratic Libya with civil rights and civil society, and a voice in their government, similiar to the struggles in Syria, Egypt and Tunisia....

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COFCO is the abbreviation for China National Cereals, Oil and Foodstuffs Corporation, which was the state company importing grain and other staple foods into China during the period before China opened up its economy. It is now a dominant company in China's grain and other staple products from edible oil, dairy products to bacon and beer. Under CEO Ning Gaoning, Cofco has transformed itself since 2004 from primarily being a grain importer to value added products, food processing, and technologies in the food business. Cofco is expanding rapidly overseas with deals and acqusitions, and has about $10 billion in state funds for acquisitions. Recent acquisitions include $2.7 billion for Dutch grain trader Nidera BV, and 51% ownership of Noble agricultural unit. Earlier acquisitions include vineyards in Chile and France in 2010, and Australia's Tully Sugar in 2011. Current plans are for acquisitions in the U.S. and Latin America. Revenues in 2014 were an estimated $63.3 billion. Interviews with cane farmers that are part of Tully Sugar in Australia show Cofco has managed the company well and won the support of farmers....

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In an intervew with WSJ's David Pearson, Tom Enders, CEO of Airbus, points to the changes at Airbus after improvements in governance in 2012, leading to a smaller role for the governments of France and Germany. One is the shift away from Europe. Compared to 2004 when Airbus orders were 50% from Europe, this has dropped to 10% in 2014. Airbus is also staying away from a 623 million euros loan from Germany for the new Airbus A350 widebody jet, because of pressure from the German government to allocate work to German factories. The same policy will be followed in future programs to rely less on government support. Enders does not want to be tied down to certain workshare agreements imposed by governments with the loans. In 2012 Airbus reduced the role of the German and French governments with a large increase in the percentage of shares traded on stock markets. In the past the funding was critical for programs. Today Airbus has 9-10 billion euros on its books because of booming sales.

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Google will give 60 million euros to a fund that will support France's newspapers to better navigate a transition to the internet. A dispute between French newspapers and magazines and Google, with the demand that Google pay for every click on online versions of their stories, has been settled. Google says it would have removed French newspapers from its index if the demands were not withdrawn. It took 3 months of tense negotiations with a government appointed mediator to reach the settlement. For Google this means it can get a bigger part of the French online advertising market. A setlement has not been reached in Germany. In Belgium it took 6 years of litigation before it was settled. The Google fund will be used to aid the transition of newspapers with projects for digital media and new ways of generating revenue online. Google will also help French newspapers with its online advertising services. Google CEO Schmidt says the agreement is a win for the citizens of France giving them fast access to media articles....

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A partnership is formed between Dr. Reddy's and Glaxo focussed on emerging markets, excluding India. The products will be manufactured by Dr Reddy's and licensed and supplied by Glaxo in countries in Africa, the Middle East , Asia-Pacific and Latin America. In certain markets they will be co-marketed by the two companies. The deal gives Glaxo exclusive use of over 100 branded pharmaceuticals in areas like cardiovascular, diabetes, oncology, gastroenterology and pain management. Under the terms of the agreement the revenue results will be reported by Glaxo and shared between the two companies. This is part of Andrew Witty's strategy to take the expansion in emerging markets -especially in association with India- to a new level. Witty recently took over as CEO of Glaxo and is one of the younger drug executives at 43. Last month Glaxo acquired a 16% stake in South Africa's Aspen Pharmacare's Holdings Ltd. in a deal that expanded an existing partnership. Glaxo agreed in June 2009 to a deal with Shenzen Neptunus Interlong Bio-Technique Co. to make influenza vaccines for China....

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Consumer lending went down by 1.7% in October 2009 according to Federal Reserve data. A WSJ analysis of Fed data shows corporate and consumer credit markets have shrunk by 7% or $1.5 trillion in the 2 years through early November 2009. And ont he other hand the Treasury debt outstanding has gone up quickjly by 40% as the governmet tries to finance large deficits. The market for every type pf bond has recovered from the crisis, and money is going into the markets, but this does not mean more money is flowing into the economy. The tighter lending results in consumers and businesses more reluctant to hire and invest. Mohamed El-Erian, CEO of Pacific Inestment Management Company says this means the US econom will grow at 1.5% to 2% ayear compared to the 3% growth that is typical for healthy growth. Says Erian: "the idea that we have reset to where we came from is false. It is abumpy journeyto anew destination with significant long-term effects."

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With use of the software technologies and cloud computing Athenahealth hopes to revolutionize the medical records of physician practices. Here Joseph Rago of the WSJ talks to Jonathan Bush, CEO of Athenahealth. Bush says the way things are done now in healthcare there is no choice and choosers, and ther is not thing like a market in health care and people in Washington DC don't understand remotely why a market might be remotely useful. The deep problem in American health care he says is that no one knows the actual value of the services doctors give, not even the doctors, and the complexity of the method of payments keeps everything hidden, as doctor's clerical staff bills your treatment to insurance companies picked by your employer, and pays the doctor through money taken from premiums or foregone wages. Athena designed a program to digitize records and automate billing and is moving into clincal record keeping. It now has 15,000 physicians in 43 states using its program as avirtual office and growth at 30%....

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With huge losses at RBS, Prime Minister Brown says he is angry at RBS for the excessive risks taken by the bank. A big chunk of losses of 28 billion pounds for 2008 relate to the deal to acquire ABN-Amro. ABN Amro had on its portfolio a loan to chemical maker LyondellBasell, owned by Len Blavatnik a Russian-American industrialist, which filed for bankruptcy protection in January 2009. Says RBS CEO Stephhen Hester, "we doubled up at the wrong time". Now RBS shares have fallen to 11.6 pence or less than the price of a candy bar. And Brown's administration faces growing criticism that the earlier bank rcapitalization and lending plan has not worked, even as new elections are due by May 2010. With the new deal with RBS government ownership goes up from 58% to 70%, and the next step may be nationalization of RBS. In an effort to limit banks losses and help capital needs of banks, the UK government will insure a majority of losses after the banks assume a first portion of the losses.

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German wages overall slipped in 2007 in real terms and are not keeping up with inflation,they have declined in 4 of the last 5 years according to economists so there is considerable pressure to increase wages. Wages as a share of national income has been falling steadily since 2003. And there is a lot of worker resentment to the information now readily available about what the managerial elite is making. One survey by Kienbaum Consultants shows that German managers earnings increased by 17.5% last year. The scandals at Siemens and the other scandals involving CEO of Deutsche Post and other scandals of Hartz at Volkswagen have undermined public confidence in the country's mangerial elite to the point that only 15% of the public have any confidence in them according to poll by TNS Emnid a polling and research company. Local eletions in Hamburg confirmed a shift to the left and to Social Democrats which will make it more difficult for the Christian Democrats under Merkel to execute their agenda of freeing up the economy....

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A CEO of American Airlines from 1985 to 1998 offers his views on what should be done to create a healthy airline industry. He wants to see significant government investment to build a new radar system ffor American skies and to do it faster than the current pace. Till such time he wants to see the government to limit flights to what the current system can handle as airlines will not do so because of competitive position. He would like to see government set stringent financial standards fo new lowcost airlines if their only purpose is to gain some short term profits by gaining market share through lower prices and waiting for an IPO and then sometime later going out of business. He would also limit American concessions to open skies to all airlines and would prohibit offshore maintenance. To increase room for airlines to recover costs and make a decent profit he would lower the fees and taxes that are about 15% or higher of an airline ticket.

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Republican voter sentiment in Springfield, Ohio. Warren Davidson is running for former House Speaker Boehner's seat in this Congressional district in Ohio with the support of Tea Party activists. The median income in the city is $31,635, $15,000 less than the Ohio median. The population has declined from 80,000 in the sixties to less than 60,000, according to Census Bureau. Only about 15% of the Springfield population has a college degree compared to 30% in the U.S. Speaker Boehner had a small group of loyalists and tight control of the Republican party in his district, leading to charges that he was too close to the establishment and business. Trump has support from Republican voters who feel the party has drifted away from them.

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BMW's CEO Reithofer says in a conference call that the company will redirect cars from the USA to China and Russia and other countries because of the currency exchange rates and unfavorable market conditions in the US. These market conditions caused a236 million euros charge to compensate for the falling value of second hand vehicles and potential payment defaults on loans for leased vehicles in the USA. At Daimler you see a 491 million euro fall in the value of Daimler's remaining 19.9% stake in Chrysler LLC showing up in 1st quarter results but also similiar to BMW one sees a 151 million euro writedown to cover the falling value of cars that were leased to customers. This is from earnings announcements by Daimler and BMW.