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In this interview just before Mario Draghi of the ECB announced a 1 trillion euro program of monetary easing in the eurozone, Renzi calls on European leaders to carefully balance austerity with growth efforts. He says flexibility is essential and a part of the history of Europe. Now is the time to change direction, to invest in growth, says Renzi. On calls to change the Schengen Agreement which removed border controls among some European countries, Renzi says this is not needed after the terrorist attacks in France, pointing out that the terrorists in the attack had lived in France for many years.

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In comments made to the editors of the New York Times, Mario Monti, the prime minister of Italy, says the European Union will endure because it was in the vital interests of Germany. Competitive devaluatations if a number of countries exited the eurozone would have an enormous harmful effect on Germany. Germany is an export dependent economy and sends two thirds of its exports to EU countries. In the unlikely event Greece leaves the eurozone, Monti says effective political policy responses can be expected to prevent this from affecting the rest of the eurozone. Monti is on a visit to the U.S. for talks with President Obama. He praised the effort by Greece's prime minister Papademos to meet the demands of international lenders in difficult conditions.

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German chancellor, Angela Merkel, appeals to members of the Christian Democratic Party to support the European project at a party convention in Leipzig on November 14, 2011. "We live in times of epic change. Our political compass has not changed. But the context is constantly changing," said Merkel. The 2 day convention used the motto: "For Europe. For Germany." Her message was that it will take years of hard work to fix the crisis and yet this has created an opportunity to put the European project on a sounder footing. Finance Minister Schauble put it succintly as he supported Merkel's appeal: "We now need to build the political union in Europe we never managed to build in the 90's." This comes as changes are taking place in Europe with new unity governments being formed in Greece by Mario Monti, a former EU commissioner, and in Greece by Papdemos, another EU official. And it comes as a head of Italy's central bank, Mario Draghi, who had pushed for stricter controls on spending by the Italian government, is now the head of the European Central Bank. Merkel also hit on the theme of a stricter financial union, and the need for courage to change the treaty underlying the European monetary union to allow strong, automatic sanctions for violations of the treaty. She also emphasized that the government had ruled out issuance of eurobonds that makes the EU as a whole responsible for the debt of individual countries. On that point she said: "Everywhere we look we find behaviour that cannot go on for long. Everywhere people are living as if there is no tomorrow."...

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The Swiss National Bank gives up on its effort to maintain Swiss competitiveness by dropping the 2011 peg of 1.2 euros to the franc. That effort was becoming costlier as the central bank piled up hundreds of millions of euros on its balance sheet buying up euros to keep the value of the franc down. Investors have put money into francs as a safe haven since the 2008 financial crisis. By offering negative yields of 0.75% the central bank hoped to limit the damage with a surging franc. The franc went up by 15% on January 15, 2015, with the surprise announcement, and stocks of exporters declined sharply. The immediate decision was taken as the ECB planned to weaken the euro with a large quantitative easing program in its Dec. 22, 2015 meeting. The central bank said - "Recently the divergences between the monetary policies of the major currency areas have increased significantly- a trend that is likely to become even more pronounced." A December Swiss initiative was intended to force the Swiss National Bank to convert much of its foreign exchange holdings into gold, as public criticism of the large euro holdings increased with each currency market intervention. The SNB justified its peg to the euro and currency interventions saying that this gave the country's exporters time to make the transition to a stronger Swiss franc....

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Danielle Nouy, is nominated by the ECB's governing council to be the chairwoman of the supervisory board of the eurozone's bank supervisor. She held positions as general secretary of France's bank and insurance regulator for 3 years. Nouy joined the Bank of France in 1974. She was deputy secretary general of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision from 1996-1998 and secretary general from 1998-2003.

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Eurocurrency is expected to weaken against the USA dollar in 2009, as the economies of Ireland, Spain and other countries in the EU weaken further after the bursting of bubbles in property and other markets.

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Inflation was a little above the eurozone average of 0.7% for Jan. 2014 in Germany and below the average in Portugal, Spain, and Ireland.

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Eurozone finance ministers meeting in Brussels give Spain one more year to meet deficit targets because of a slumping economy and lower tax receipts after raising taxes. Spain now has till 2014 instead of 2013 to meet the EU's 3% deficit target. Spain can now run a deficit of 6.3% in 2012, down from 8.9% in 2011, without risking EU penalties. The 2013 deficit target is 4.5% of GDP and the 2014 target is 2.8%. Spain can also have $30 billion by the end of July in the event that a Spanish bank needs to be recapitalized quickly.

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With 57% of Italy's sovereign debt owned by Italians, a lot depends on Italians continuing to invest in Italian government bonds. With the higher interest rates on the bonds Italians have one more reason to continue to do so.

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After being outplayed in the first half France score 3 goals in 6 second half minutes vs. Netherlands with Delphine Cascarino's speed and reflexes amazing the fans in Basel, Switzerland.

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The cost to France of Greece's exit from the euro would be 66 billion euros, and for Germany 90 billion euros, according to the director of research at the IESEG School of Management in Lille, France. Greece would pay back some of its debt with the devalued currency, so the actual cost might be lower. This is closer to the estimate of 50 billion euros for France by the departing French finance minister, and the estimate of 125 billion euros for Germany by a German bank. IIF estimates are much higher but the IIF and Mr. Dallara will find the bonds issued by Greece under the restructuring of little value in the event of exit from the euro, which is why it would not favor an exit and present it in a different light.

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A call from German chancellor Angela Merkel to the Greek president to hold a referendum on Greece's participation in the eurozone. Political parties in Greece denounced it as considering Greece a "protectorate" coming from the Syriza party, to calling it "unacceptable from the New Democracy party. Karel De Gucht, trade commissioner of the EU, and Olli Rehn commissioner of economic affairs, issue conflicting statements. Gucht says the EU and ECB are working on preparations for Greece's exit, and Rehn says that this in not the case, that Greece is staying in.

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EU to commit 200 million euros for civilian nuclear energy 2026. The second world Nuclear Energy Summit opens in Paris. Leyen commits the $200 million guarantee .for small modular nuclear reactor investments

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The European Commission forecast for 2013 shows a decline in GDP of 0.3% for the eurozone economies. The forecast shows a return to growth with GDP increasing by 1.4% in 2014 for the eurozone. The larger European Union is expected to grow by 0.1%. Unemployment is expected to increase from 11.4% to 12.2%.