LyrArc Article Gist
Experts say experience can be a serious handicap if one does not have ahealthy skepticism about ones assumptions and habits that tend to reinforce what one is thinking and not question old ways and old habits. This leads to costly mistakes at the level of project management and costlier mistakes at senior management levels. Experience proved to be a serious handicap at General Motors because management did not question its old assumptions about what sales would look like in future years and old habits went so deep that no effrts were made to change with changing demands for fuel efificency that made their impact even earlier in Europe. This is true of what happened at the central bank with Greenspan and at Treasury with Rubin, and Summers, and at the highly leveraged investment banks like Lehman Brothers, Bear Stearns, and Morgan Stanley. In both cases their was an additional handicap of the culture, with Detroit having its own culture and ways, and New York banking havings its own culture and ways. ...

LyrArc Article Gist
Thomas Frank describes how things went wrong in America by drawing the contrast between Martha's Vineyard and Decatur, Illinois. In 1946 he says a typical executive's salary was only 2 times that of a worker at a Caterpillar plant in Decatur, Illinois. By 2016 this had changed to where the top executive at Caterpillar was making over 400 times the wage of a typical worker at a Caterpillar plant. Democratic politicians he said had moved away from their working class base towards places like Martha's Vineyard. For Republicans the embrace of tax cutting, the deficit, and cuts in education and healthcare, entitlements, to the exclusion of everything else in a recession environment led to the rise of Trump and the rejection of stands on these issues- including amazingly the embrace of a $5.3 trillion increase in the deficit under the Trump plan estimated by economists and a recession after a temporary boost.  Inserted into this were the culture wars, immigration, with the change to mass deportation as a solution to immigration problems. ...

LyrArc Article Gist
New York Times Book Review of Amy Chua's book on America as a Hyperpower and Hyperpowers like the British, Dutch, Romans, and Mongols, and how the culture of tolerance and inclusion has been employed to knit their Empires together till some sequnce of events caused a collapse.

LyrArc Article Gist
Benedict Carey provides this fascinating account of one woman's experience in the U.S. Army's mission in Afghanistan. Lieutenant Courtney Wilson served in Kandahar in 2010 and experienced many of the stresses women face to a larger degree than men integrating into what is for the dominant part a male focussed culture. This is increasingly important as women now form about 15% of the force in Afghanistan and Iraq, and are likely to be an even larger part in the future tech driven force. With fewer women in the force Wilson had less opportunity to interact with women, and like other women in the army she felt the emotional bonding that men have with other men in the army is something they lack. Like women in male professions, and men at the margins of the dominant culture in other fields, women feel a higher level of psychic stress.

LyrArc Article Gist
The message is clear from Paris - anybody can do AI at the profligate overspending and cost of people like OpenAI, and Microsoft. After DeepSeek in China proved it can be done at a tenth of the cost, there is the tremendous potential of the largest pool of young engineers and scientists in India to do it for a fraction of the cost in China.This is why this Action Summit in Paris is being done by sharing the cost keeping at  13 million euros, and having India under PM Modi as co sponsor with France's Macron. Modi called it and extension of similar efforts working with France on solar and renewable energy. Here is how the French did it- the Ministries each pitched in. The Economy ministry 3 million euros to attract foreign investors, the Foreign Ministry 2 million euros to welcome world leaders Vance and Modi, the armed forces 1.5 million euros, the Culture Ministry 1 million euros and staff to coordinate the summit. The buildings used were familiar ones- the Summit at the Grand Palais build for the Pais Exposition of 1900, the Institut Polytechnique for science themed events, and the Bibiliotheque Nationale France for the cultural weekend Feb 8-9. ...

LyrArc Article Gist
Hard hitting article by an expert in the field of manufacturing and the automobile industry. Problems facing GM and Ford in his view- Note the following: 1) The engineering system with chief engineer in charge of product, concurrent and simultaneous engineering. Better development system for new products at Toyota. 2) How to work with suppliers by leaving room for suppliers to make a profit while attacking every kind of waste jointly. 3) Hardest hitting point on the culture. GM and Ford have cultures that turn competent people into Dilberts. And noting that if ordinary people -Dilberts even- are put in a great business process they become great team players. 4) Customer Service at Lexus. Customers cheerfully pay more because they love the treatment. 5) Labor relations- Union and management know what does not make sense yet no accomodation has been reached, because their conversation has broken down. Womack's comments leave a lot to think about and reflects a feeling that seems to run outside of the midwest- that if GM and Ford can't get a grip on their problems and fix them other companies like Toyota can replace them. A sense that Toyota as a global company is as much of an American company as GM or Ford. ...

LyrArc Article Gist
Peter Eavis describes the results of the new Federal Reserve LISCC's determination under Tarullo, Gibson and Taylor, to bring discipline to financial markets and reduce systemic risk. Over the last 3 years Goldman Sachs has spent $16.3 billion in buybacks, about 70% of profits, to return money to shareholders and improve metrics such as earnings per share. This strategy will now have to be reversed. With the Fed stress tests in Feb. 2015 the focus is on banks with large trading desks. Goldman unlike other banks has counted on a strategy of preserving a large trading operation in the hope that this will earn the bank larger profits when the market recovers. This does not sit well with the Fed in the 2015 stress tests- showing a $23.8 billion loss if the stock market fell by 60% in a crisis, leaving Goldman with a bare minimum in reserves. Goldman will now have to reduce the buybacks to add to reserves after the current stress tests, and pare down its trading desk operation.

LyrArc Article Gist
Arminia Bielefield is one of Germany's well known soccer teams today. One cannot say it is a unknown town. I took a picture of the stadium and the passionate soccer fans on a major television station on German television just yesterday. It is in North Rhine Westphalia, and like other German teams in the Bundesliga has a whole soccer fan culture behind its stadium, the city and its surrounding areas, that one can only find in Germany. Entire families different generations grow up attending and cheering for their team.

LyrArc Article Gist
The new prime minister and government ministers put together by Macron in France look more like something from former president Nicholas Sarkozy. Two ministers close to Sarkozy are now Minister for the Interior and Minister for Culture. Macron is veering to the right in an effort to court voters on the right, as his best chance for reelection in 2022. With drop in GDP of 12.5% now predicted in France for 2020 by the IMF, high unemployment of 11.5% for 2021, and job redundancies, Macron faces a tough time as shown in this analysis. Details of the backgrounds of ministers and the way Macron is responding are covered in this  Analysis in the Times. He is less popular today- than the rising star he appeared as in 2017, with only 35% of voters now supporting him. 

LyrArc Article Gist
After the loss of a crucial UK byelection by Labour under Keir Starmer (May 2021 Hartlepool) Shabana Mahmood says she brought out her inner-Kashmiri and steadied the party with wins in other byelections over the Tories. Shabana is the daughter of a teenager from Kashmir who came to Britain in the sixties, studied to be an engineer and settled in Birmingham. She is the Shadow Secretary of Justice and as a Oxford trained barrister she wants to put Britain's justice system on a good footing by remaking prisons and making the system work.  Shabana is a special kind of person simply because she has kept her values and religious beliefs and still taken the best of British thought and culture and the scieintific mind even as Britain faces real challenges. One is struck by the sheer broadness of her mind-  “I don’t like anything that smells of fundamentalism in any way, religious or political or ideological, it doesn’t really matter what it is, in the end. “It’s quite authoritarian in nature, and in my own life experience of people that are most intransigent and the most prescriptive about what everyone else can say and think and do tend not to be the best of people themselves.” ...

LyrArc Article Gist
Murphy and Sanders on the 12 million Missing Votes in 2024. Where did they go? Two US Senators Chris Murphy of Connecticut and Bernie Sanders answer questions about the 12 million Missing Votes - the difference between Biden's 81.2 million votes in 2020 and Harris's 71.5 million in 2024 plus about 2 million from the population growth over 4 years of that group. Does any one position on guns, climate,  culture or gender, immigration, make it right? What about common sense, the facts on the ground, people's unease about some things going too far in one direction. Murphy- “We don’t listen enough; we tell people what’s good for them. “When progressives like Bernie aggressively go after the elites that hold people down, they are shunned as dangerous populists. Why? Maybe because true economic populism is bad for our high-income base.” Working class voters are conservative when it comes to cultural issues. Should any party belong to one position on cultural issues- as some people have unease about going too far on cultural issues such as transgender, that things are changing too fast.   ...

LyrArc Article Gist
How well U.S. presidential front runner does depends on whether the Democratic Party is returning to its roots when it was able to attract working class voters and people without college degrees. Over the years since Harry Truman's presidency the Republican party was able to peel off less educated working class white voters from the Democratic party on the basis of religion, race, gender and traditional attitudes to culture. Could this have gone too far and will the Democratic Party in the U.S. fight to recover support from its traditional base of common people, just as the Labour Party in Britain under Jeremy Corbyn sees itself as defending working class and common people's aspirations. Biden's future depends on how much he can rally the party back to its roots with his  Harry Truman like style and fighting spirit. Few American presidents in the modern period could match the courage, simplicity, openness and tenacity of Harry Truman, which is why he was able to come from behind and win in 1948 elections after the death of president Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1945. ...

LyrArc Article Gist
Weiner calls Franklin the "Least Dead" of the Founding Fathers of America. "Least Dead" for whom? Of pop cultures, TikTok, Facebook, social media and the rest? Benjamin Franklin is one of the founding fathers who was most revered, and who with his diplomatic activity secured French support for George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and the American cause in 1776. It was the French cannon, and the French Navy that made it possible for Washington to move his armies north and surround the British at Yorktown, Virginia ending the War of Independence. Weiner writes that Franklin is the most approachable one of the founding fathers, one you can talk with, one you would most likely want to have a beer with. Franklin is also the most interesting. Franklin's experiments with electricity are the earliest pioneering efforts of the scientific revolution of the 19th century that set Europe apart from Asia, and the scientific revolution of the 20th century that set America apart from the rest of the world. Franklin is not just a founding father, he is the founder of the US Post Office which was the radio and internet of its period making communication possible over long distances. Franklin was the first Postmaster General in 1775 and set up the US postal system. Franklin set up the first circulating library in 1731 and the University of Pennsylvania- the first fire department in Philadelphia. He was president of the state of Pennsylvania after Independence. There is a great deal of ignorance about the founding fathers no less in places like the entrance to the Smithsonian institution in Washington DC of all places, where no mention is made of Franklin as an Abolitionist, quite the reverse- Franklin's scientific mind and his modern thinking had no place for the European institution of slavery in the 1500-1800 period. Franklin was the president of the Pennsylvania Society for the Abolition of Slavery. Eric Weiner, is author of  "Ben and Me- In Search of a Founder's Formula for a Long and Useful Life." This is the second article in a series by NYT on America's 250th Anniversary for the Declaration of Independence. Weiner travels from Boston to London, and from Philadelphia to Paris along the sea route taken by Franklin to the Brittany coast in December 1776 with his 2 grandchildren, one of 7 voyages crossing the Atlantic. By 1781 Franklin had his first meeting with French King Louis XVI at Versailles. The US Mission and Franklin's home was located in the hillside village of Passy a few hours from Paris, where the clean country air and water helped revive him. He crosses the Atlantic again in 1783 when the Peace Treaty is signed by Franklin. Weiner is 70 in 2026 and writes that Franklin grew more serene with age even with some ailments, was loved in France, and returned to America for his final voyage home with his 2 grand children in 1785. A life well lived something for all Americans to aspire and emulate, and loved by his country. ...

LyrArc Article Gist
From north east Indiana and Indiana University SVB CEO Becker works his way up to a bank in Detroit with offices in California, and joins SVB in his twenties. He opened SVB's office in Boulder in 1996 and became president in 2008. Two things made SVB different. It seemed like the 2008 crisis had never happened. The management at the company Becker, Beck, and another executive Descheneaux hired from Bancwest, acted more like tech entrepreneurs and much less like bankers. They seemed to have mastered the way of optimistic talk to tech entrepreneurs, the language the culture, and did not share the same grasp of the economic environment of others who had weathered the 2008 crisis. For most of 2021 the company did not have a risk officer, according to the WSJ. And did not see the aspects of duration risk in having assets invested in long term Treasury's when interest rates were increased by the Fed rapidly to fight inflation decreasing the value of bonds. Startups and SVB management in their optimism both ignored the risk of not having the backing of FDIC insurance as insurance is limited to $250,000 in deposits, and most of the SVB's deposits were much larger. The US government wary of criticism of a bailout insists the FDIC backing provided to prevent systemic risk will not cost the taxpayers as it will come from a special assessment on banks. Nothing better explains the collapse than a look at the graphs of SVB's deposits in this WSJ report, in 2019 deposits and financial assets increase at about 50%, at about 100% doubling in 2020. Stock performance mirrored this.  By 2020 the supply chain disruptions were real and inflation was taking off, the Fed under Jay Powell was taking up the fight against inflation with sharp rise in interest rates. SVB did not grasp the seriousness of the situation. Venture capital gleaned the risks as they mounted and a bank run with withdrawals of as much of $42 billion led to the collapse.   ...

LyrArc Article Gist
The culture clash of Mike Lynch and managers at Autonomy with officers under CEO Meg Whitman, after the acquisition by H-P, leads to the departure of most of the Autonomy managers.

LyrArc Article Gist
Uber CEO Kalanick faces problems after the ride sharing app service company uses aggressive tactics in its business. Kalanick resigned after increasing pressure, with major investors on the board asking him to resign. Mike Isaac in the NYT says Uber is an example of how some aspects of Silicon Valley culture have caused a public outcry. A federal inquiry is under way into a software tool used to avoid law enforcement. Other complaints came up during the period Kalanick was CEO. The business conduct of CEO Kalanick has come under strong criticism and shows what can go wrong in the aggressive pursuit of business. For many it is an example of how not to run a company.

LyrArc Article Gist
Japanese Dads are taking on a bigger role and changing parenting. BBC Future shows this story about Japanese dads from a new generations that are taking on the joys, difficulties and responsibilities of parenting.  A new kind of superhero in Japanese manga comics is Ikumen, a Japanese term (from ikuji for childcare) for young dads actively spending time with their children compared to an earlier generation of fathers who spent most of their time at work, and rarely took on family responsibilities. During the sixties and seventies as Japan emerged from the wartime recovery and modernized Japanese culture defined men's role to spend most of the time at work, even getting allowance for spending from their wives who controlled the family budget.  In 2010 the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare started the Ikumen project to increase paternal involvement in child caring. This was a major cultural change and was part of the change in culture needed for the Third Arrow of Japan's Abenomics project to get women's participation up to western country levels. Today the women's participation rate in workplaces exceeds that of the U.S. Even in the 1980's men spent on average about 40 minutes with their children mostly during the family meal in the evening and even had to have their wives find their clothes. The common saying was - "jishin, kaminari, kaji, oyaji," earthquake, thunder, fire and father, remote and given respect. Women's reaction was not positive as they postponed marraige for later, then even not marrying at all for the next generation, leading to reduced childbirth rates. The Ikumen project projected fathers in a masculine role of heroes for taking on parenting, like the t-shirt logo "Strength for Society" portraying them as saving society, saving the  country. About 45% now support the idea of "men should work, women should stay at home" compared to 60% in 1992- drop of 15%. The statistics do not quite tell the story because during this period women participation in the workplace has jumped to western country levels as part of Abenomics Third Arrow to revive the economy. The problem that is still being tackled is that of bosses in the workplace who lack awareness and discourage taking paternal leave which has risen from 2% to 7% in five years 2012 to 2017. ...

LyrArc Article Gist
Should Arthur Levinson and some of the team he has assembled at Genentech leave it will be a big loss for Roche, as it was his team that helped bring a series of new drugs to the market such as Avastin, Herceptin, and Rituxan to bring Genentech sales from $1 billion in 1999 to $9 billion in 2007. As drug companies buy biotechs in large numbers, with $70 billion in deals this year almost twice the toal for 2007, the question remains whether the drug companies have succeeded in retaining talent as consolidation yields cost savings but does not improve drug discovery. Drug companies are struggling with this, and a couple of models have emerged for keeping minds engaged in scientific discovery satisfied that they have the freedom to operate as they always have and work with the teams they have assembled, similiar to the work style and in the similiar culture as before. Almost like walking into the offices they use as if its like before. J&J has come up with a hub and spoke model to acquire companies and then leave them alone- preserving their management teams, unique cultures and brands. Centocor was bought in 1999 by J&J and 10 of the top executives stayed on and developed Remicade, a drug for inflammatory disease that has sales of $3.3 billion. Glaxo has developed a new structure under new CEO Andrew Witty, which breaks up the primary research labs into "discovery performance units" or DPUs, which also include new biotech startups. In April Glaxo acquired Sitris, a Cambridge, Massachusetts startup. The company had come up with a new science for tackling heart disease, diabetes and other diseases associated with aging. Harvard trained scientist and CEO, Christoph Westphal, went with Glaxo turning down other companies because the independence of the DPU appealed to him. Each DPU has a 3 year budget and this also appealed to Westphal. He could walk into the labs, says Westphal as if nothing had changed. Is Roche making a mistake in acquiring Genentech when it could have left it alone. Are the consolidation savings worth it if some of the discovery team at Genentech leaves and there is the feeling that the culture will change, and if Levinson feels that he was not consulted about Roche's move. These are questions that remain even when Roche's CEO, Severin, says he does not want to change things at Genentech because Roche's actions will speak louder than its words. ...

LyrArc Article Gist
Putin's Russia year end QA sessions- "Direct Line" Marathon of 3 million questions. Two from the BBC. Answering the BBC Putin said "if you don't cheat us like you cheated us with Nato's eastward expansion", there would be no more war activity from Russia. Putin believes NATO and European leaders had promised no expansion to Gorbachev before the Soviet Union collapsed. Archives from 1950 show that NATO was formed as Soviets expanded after World War II. At the time Truman took up defense of Turkey and Greece from Soviet expansion. As Eastern Europe became part of the Soviet sphere the situation went on from 1950 to 1990 of 40 years with regional wars in Korea, Vietnam. The Russian leaders including Putin who set Russia on the path to economic recovery had a deep sense of loss of respect as Russia was treated as another European country by Netherlands, Britain and France, Germany former colonial powers that had difficult relations with Russia. It is this deep sense of loss of respect that these leaders felt after the Soviet Union collapsed and Russia suffered economic and political decline from 1990 to 2000 which was reversed by decades of economic growth. This was a period of economic growth in China. As China asserted itself in Hong Kong, Russia pushed back in Crimea and Ukraine regions that had long ties with Russia of language and culture. Had western leaders disbanded NATO and formed a new alliance with new goals with a vision for peaceful coexistence with Russia in the east the situation could have turned to be different. In 2025 the European powers Germany, France and Britain are not willing to see Russia gain points from the outright invasion of Ukraine presenting new obstacles to a peaceful settlement. Ukrainian sentiment is also a factor as giving parts of Donetsk would be unpopular.  ...

LyrArc Article Gist
Do you ever wonder how Japan keeps it streets so clean. There are no litter bins or street sweepers to be seen. This report in the BBC News looks at Japan's cleanliness ethic starting from school days for children growing up with the idea that clean is what you make happen with your own two hands and a broom. That is all it takes and a sense of personal responsibility infused into the culture from school days as children.  For 12 years of school life from elementary school to high school cleaning the school is part of the school routine for students. The social consciousness was developed in this way and children as they grow up learn to take pride in their cleanliness and in the cleanliness of their surroundings. This carries over to cleaning up the neighborhood.  In India's Swachh Clean India campaign their are street clean sweepers in addition to people themselves taking on the job of cleaning. This is ok for public facilities like railway stations underbridges and other public facilities, but for neighborhoods and schools making cleaning a part of the routine in schools is a good idea that needs to be universally adopted as part of Swachh India, Clean India campaign. This also holds true for all Asian and Latin American, African nations which could learn from the keeping the country clean efforts of Japan and more recently India. As India shows not having done this well before is no reason for discouragement, getting started and keeping it going, building public awareness and support is the key. This is particularly true for developing countries because it is easier to prevent illness and disease by increasing levels of hygiene and sanitation, saving hundreds of millions of dollars for large countries like India and Brazil, Mexico, Nigeria, for days and productivity lost. It also pushes countries to the next stage of development faster through infrastructure development and quality of public services, quality of life.    ...

LyrArc Article Gist
China has seen novel uses of the internet. Pinduoduo is one of them. It brings people together on the internet to socialize and shop together. Purchases are small compared to Alibaba- $324 a year on average. By  bringing people in large numbers it has brought in about 788 million users in 2020.  One of the attractions is an orchard game where people tend to their digital orchards to earn shopping vouchers and prizes such as boxes of mangoes.The founder Mr. Huang studied computer science at the University of Wisconsin- Madison where he met Chen who now runs the company. Huang's first effort as recently as 2015 was to sell lychees and fruit from their sole warehouse in Shanghai on WeChat platform. This failed when the computer systems of the website could not handle the large number of orders. Lychees then rotted at the warehouse. From that first effort he realized the way social and browsing platforms could work with shopping. To build up large number of buyers who could be served advertising he came up with subsidies to buyers that are financed from the advertising. Money from advertising is put back into the subsidies. The buyers get discount on purchases and the browsing social platform builds large number of users in a short time. In this way it has as many users as Alibaba but purchases are small.  As in these types of startups with huge valuations and fast growth no profits were made in 2020. The loss is $1.1 billion in 2020. It has put $13 billion of the ad revenues into subsidizing the products on the site. Investors have given the company $6 billion for an agriculture program to sell fresh food and produce.  The Chinese government sees the company subsidies as having an effect of distorting the market prices. Regulators have fined the company for its practices. The company's working culture has some aspects that come under criticism with deaths of two employees.  This offers a glimpse of China's internet culture. How much of it is real constructive development of the internet is always a question. Is investor capital productively invested is also a question. Like Japan in the late 1980's few questions are asked by investors about productive uses of capital. As growth slows as it did in Japan by 2000 a lot of these questions are likely to come back.   ...

LyrArc Article Gist
Turkey is reviving its relations with Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Prince Bin Salman will visit Turkey as part of a remake of Turkey Saudi relations. Turkey's economic crisis has revived the relationship as Turkey badly needs aid for its economy. The pressure on emerging markets is increasing with US central bank raising rates reducing inflows of western money into Turkey even further. Prince Salman has already received visits from French and British leaders. He visited Jordan and Egypt this week and will now be in Ankara. In the summer he will visit Greece and Cyprus. Saudis are modernizing their economy changing culture in relationships of men and women, in women's rights and education, and broadening relationships with the world under Salman. There is an astonishing openness to science and technology in a drive to be modern. The old Saudi monarchy and conservative rule with ancient traditions is giving way to what the Saudis in the group under Salman see as the modernization of Europe and America in the 20th century using science and technology as what they would like to see in their own country. There is also a drive to think independently from the dogmatic positions of the past that have turned the Kingdom into an American dependency with no obligation or incentive to modernize its culture and be open to the world outside.  The US fought a war to ostensibly modernize a backward mountainous remote state as Afghanistan, while being perfectly comfortable with the old Saudi monarchies of the past that made little change in the ancient culture and tradition and in women's rights and education. Such were the contradictions in American policy and the failure to think anew. As president Lincoln said "as our case is new we must think anew, and act anew." President Biden will now visit Saudi Arabia to build a new relationship with an independent nation, which along with the UAE is bringing change to the Middle East through infrastructure development and modernization. Salman's modernization comes as the kingdom also faced a need to make a transition out of dependence on fossil fuels. Salman sees trips to Greece and Turkey as opening up to all sides. Saudis have good relations with Israel and Egypt another part of this openness. The US senses this, India has sensed this. India's Modi government  made sending the Oxford vaccines manufactured in India to Saudis a priority during 2021. The Indian example is also changing the way the UAE and Saudis see infrastructure development and modernization in the region. This is also changing the way the region is looking at itself. For decades Egypt lacking the resources to build infrastructure on its own has languished economically. A helping hand from the Saudis is changing Egypt. The entire rail system is being modernized with the latest technology from Siemens. The Saudis have stabilized the Egyptian economy with a $5 billion deposit in the Central Bank of Egypt. On June 21 Egypt and Saudis signed $7.7 billion in investment deals for infrastructure, logistics, port administration, food, industry, medicine, energy and technology. In the investments in Egypt some of the oil money going to Saudis with $100 per barrel oil price is going to an economy in Egypt that can easily absorb and make good use of the investment to modernize.   The influence of Saudi leverage in fossil fuels which drove the US relationship with Saudis since FDR is being replaced with an independent Saudi kingdom making decisions to modernize across the board in all aspects compared to one that favored a few American companies such as Exxon Mobil and ARAMCO or arms makers such as Boeing and Lockheed that helped recycle American money going to pay for Saudi fossil fuels back to America.    ...

LyrArc Article Gist
Mexico's Nobel Laureate novelist, Carlos Fuentes's first novel, "Where the Air is Clear," was published in 1958, when he was 29. He helped popularize other writers like the Columbian novelist Gabriel Garcia Marquez, as part of the renaissance in letters in Latin America called the "Boom." This includes another Mexican Nobel Laureate, the poet Octavio Paz. Paz published "Piedra del Sol" (Sunstone) in 1957. Like Paz Fuentes worked for the Mexican Foreign Ministry as a diplomat and could see things from the outside- the Mexican experience of indigenous and Spanish culture, the ideals of change and the dashed hopes in the last two hundred years as Mexico gained independence and struggled to establish democracy and social progress. Paz published the magazine Plural, which was a supplement to the newspaper Excelsior, and later after 1976, the magazine Vuelta. Both writers, were social critics.

LyrArc Article Gist
The Stimson Center looks at the closing of an era of Conservative politics in Japan which ended in 2025 after the death of Shinzo Abe and the 2 year premiership of Kishida. Interview is conducted by the Stimson Center of a senior Japanese political figure with 30 years of experience in the Foreign Service, and the author of the only English language book on Shinzo Abe, reflecting the paucity of research on Japan. Shinzo Abe was premier for a short time in 2005-2006 and for a full term in 2012. He made changes to Japan's SDF, its partnership with India, Australia in the Quad, and his economic policy which increased women's participation in the economy. For the first time in post war Japan there was a new sensde of confidence under Abe and he is missed sorely in Japan today. Yet as this senior Japanese politician says, Japan has changed the way the US and Europe have changed, and nationalist politics are replacing old Conservative politics of the LDP. In a way also how the deindustrialization of US, Europe and Japan has also taken place discrediting that era. Takaichi Sanae is itself a representative of the new era, as she did not hesitate to say Japan would get involved if China attacked Taiwan. Her popularity is at 62% and she has called a snap election, as she came in to replace Shigeru Ishiba in October 2025 and was not directly elected PM. Yet in the long view this is also a misconception because neither the Stimson Center or the interview participants had a keen sense of who Abe really was and Abe's grasp of the history of the Kamakura period of Buddhist Japan and China, India, of the 12th century before the foreign invasions from the north. One of Shinzo Abe's biggest legacies is the relationship that was close to his heart, the relationship with India and prime minister Modi. This week chancellor Merz of the Federal Republic of Germany was at the kite festival with PM Modi in Ahmedabad and at the Sabarmati Ashram of Gandhiji. The same degree of warmth shown by the German leader and Modi reflecting Vivekananda's time in Germany, was seen long time back between Modi and Abe. The bullet train project Mumbai to Ahmedabad and the ones that follow across India are a testimony to the warmth shown by Abe for India, and his knowledge of history from the Buddhist period in India when by the 12th century in Japan in Dogen's time Tenjiku (India) was the sacred homeland of Buddhism. Today India has revived the Buddhist traditions and centers of Buddhism, the universities and research centers for Buddhism from that period in Indian history. Buddhism started in India near Nepal in what is now Bihar state at Sarnath and Kushinagar, and spread through China to Japan and Korea. The whole continent of Asia would reflect Buddhist ideals and ideas without the intervening period of Vedic culture in India and China's Mongolian and Manchurian northern invasions, and the periods of European colonialism. Today Buddhism and The Bhagavad Gita are itself strung like pearls on a string as the Gita itself says, part of the long spiritual traditions of three nations- India, China and Japan, and of the many others Vietnam and Korea. ("All these worlds have their rest in me as many pearls on a string." -Mascaro tr. of Bhagavad Gita, Penguin). As Asian nations and peoples come to their own inner selves, find their inmost self, this is the culture that really pervades all of Asia. ...