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South Korea has tested about 300,000 people for coronavirus. About 20,000 can be tested daily for coronavirus through 40 drive thru locations. South Korea invented this method of testing. Another feature of the South Korean method is the tracking down of people who have come into contact with those testing positive for coronavirus. The South Korean government is able to do this because it can access the credit card and cell phone information of people in the country. This is possible through laws that were passed after the failures during a previous epidemic of MERs. The government then tracks down and isolates the people who came into contact with infected persons. This includes people who show no symptoms, an important aspect of the South Korean program which needs to be adopted in other countries once the production of test kits and testing is ramped up. The reason is that about 30% of people who tested positive in South Korea were not showing any symptoms but acted as silent carriers. This is similar to the figures for people in the Wuhan region of China. This testing capability is one of South Korea's key strengths, though Germany's Robert Koch Institute says it has a similar capability to test 160,000 people a week. The U.S. has tested about 30,000 people by comparison. The U.S. government is procuring 60,000 test kits under the Defense Production Act. South Korea also enforces social distancing though a $2500 fine and a 1 year prison sentence. Germany now has a 2500 euros fine in some states for curfew violations.  By comparison the fine in Britain is insignificant.  Another difference between China and South Korea with Germany and the rest of Europe, the U.S., is that in China and South Korea self-isolation is monitored, tightening the control over coronavirus spread at every turn.   ...

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Bharat Biotech that makes India's Covaxin vaccine says its Phase 3 trials show the vaccine 93.4% effective against severe symptomatic coronavirus.

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Maps of U.S. coronavirus by state as of April 1, 2020, that reached 189,000. How coronavirus is surging worldwide with 75,000 added on March 31 to reach 874,000 coronavirus cases detected worldwide. China's numbers have not included coronavirus cases that are asymptomatic. 

China continues to see coronavirus cases with 166 new cases on March 31, showing that it public health authorites have to be vigilant about a restart of the epidemic once it comes under control.

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Asymptomatic people infected by coronavirus are acting as spreaders of the coronaavirus making it more essential than ever that everyone wear masks. This is a widely accepted practice in Asia- wearing masks to prevent others from getting a virus. This now needs badly to become the practice in the U.S. and Europe. The longer it is delayed the worse the crisis can get and the longer it takes to eradicate it. Even low grade cotton masks are useful as is the practice in Asian countries. It is now part of the new guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control in the U.S. This needs to be adopted as safe practice everywhere.

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A study shown in New England Journal of Medicine shows Pfizer vaccine 2 doses offers 88% protection from symptomatic disease for delta variant of coronavirus. The Astra Zeneca vaccine has 67% protection against delta variant after 2 doses.

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The asymptomatic coronavirus infected people are a large fraction of the people with coronavirus. This is a huge problem as these people unaware of the danger are unwittingly spreading the virus. This is one of the most unusual aspects of this virus compared to other virus epidemics, and why it has become so dangerous. It is also why social distancing alone is not enough. Strict enforcement of stay at home orders by public health authorites, state and federal governments is essential as the unwitting spread by asymptomatic people who are not following the required guidelines is a huge problem.  Even as the public now calls for stricter action the lax behaviours in March in U.S. Britain, France, Germany, and in Italy in February, have created a population of infected people that acts as a backlog for testing, creating a surge in April. One of the novel features of this public health crisis is that lax behaviours stemming from a lack of understanding of the severe contagiousness of the coronavirus is making it a larger crisis on a scale not encountered before.  The contamination potential of this virus is only now being tackled with experts in fluid dynamics at labs such as the MIT Lab in the U.S. looking into how it can contaminate environments, as shown on BBC News.  With pieces of the contamination puzzle only now being put together. Heeding public health expert warnings and guidelines is all the more essential for this reason. ...

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This WSJ report on critical analysis of coronavirus data has a very useful chart of Estimated Range of Symptomatic Cases Reported by Country. Complete coronavirus data for all symptomatic persons who have the coronavirus infection is lacking in most countries. Many people in large populations have symptoms and are positive but are not reflected in the official data collection. This is a big problem as the total number of cases are understated by a magnitude of twice to five times the numbers reported in official tally.   South Korea has done a good job of getting more of the symptomatic people with the infection in its data, as about 53% to 90% of such persons are reflected in official data. Next comes Germany at a range of 38% to 55%.  China comes third and has about 28% to about 38% of such persons reflected in its data, the U.S. currently on April 4 at about 14% to 19%, according to this chart in the WSJ. The source for this is Mathematical Modeling Center at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. What this means is that the US. number of cases at 278,000  reported infected people with symptoms (April 4) is only 14% to 19% of the true number. Another way to say this is that the actual infected persons with symptoms is about 5 times what is reported, or over 1 million not the 278,000 reported.  As happens for China data collection agencies may never get the true number. To be comparable to the Chinese numbers, as the U.S. is a large country, the figure closer to the true numbers would be twice the 278,000 reported or over half a million symptomatic infections of coronavirus in the U.S. Why is this data important. With widespread testing as in South Korea one gets data that tells one how many people are infected (the size of the problem) and therefore the resources needed and the point of greatest impact. Also it tells one the typical transmission rate per person, and it helps hospitals in each area know what to expect and what resources are needed to prepare- not find people suddenly turn up in the E.R. in unpredictable numbers. The lack of widespread testing and better reporting in the data to get a grip on the pandemic is shown in this chart for countries hardest hit, less than 5-6% for Italy and Spain. The UK and France at 5-8%.   ...

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Wuhan has announced  only 3 new confirmed cases since March 18. Restrictions on travel were lifted after a 77 day lockdown on the city, allowing inbound and outbound travel. Some restrictions on housing complexes have been tightened after reports of dozens of asymptomatic cases. The number of asymptomatic cases remains unknown. There is a fear of a second outbreak and authorites are staying vigilant, as it is feared that the first outbreak was worse than previously thought. Epidemiologists, intelligence agencies, and health experts believe the number of cases reported in Wuhan and China are undercounted. This could be they say a result of local officials wanting to present a better picture, of not enough testing in the early stages, not counting people who died at home, and including people who died of pneumonia under pneumonia instead of coronavirus. Dr Birx, head of the U.S. response effort,  says the U.S. lists people who died of pneumonia in New York as coronavirus deaths because of how widespread it is there, hitting seven people in a thousand. In addition there is a problem for all countries in counting people without symptoms. No one even knows how big that is, and Dr Birx in the U.S. says it is important to find out. ...

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The people in the U.S. are shifting to widespread use of masks. There was some cultural resistance in Europe and the U.S. to use of masks, compared to Japan, South Korea and China where the use of masks in epidemics was common in earlier health crises. Europe changed first and now the U.S. is adopting masks as a way to avoid th spread of coronavirus. Health authorites in the U.S. now recommend use of masks to prevent asymptomatic people with infection from spreading the infection. Health experts say the widespread use of masks in Asia is one reason in addition to quarantines, contact tracing and isolation of clusters, is how China, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore have controlled coronavirus to the point where it is no longer a serious danger.

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What is 2 metres apart social distancing? This BBC video shows how. It is as if you are holding a broom. Thats how far you should be from someone else. In buses or transport no one in front or back of you. In conference rooms a similar distance. In parks outside 2 benches long distance. Be sure to see this video as it is critical in the fight against coronavirus. Most people don't get it that a large number of people have it and are asymptomatic, (its not like the regular flu where everyone has symptoms) yet they are carriers of the virus and spreaders of it. That is how the problem got worse in Europe and America in congested areas where restrictions were relaxed for too long. This is why the 2 metres rule (6 feet) is a safety rule, just like not crossing a red traffic light.

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The new coronavirus test for antibody detects antibodies Immunoglobulin G and M. It is designed for people with symptoms and is a quick test used in China, and to be deployed in Britain. The FDA approved the first antibody test for coronavirus developed by Cellex. Immunoglobulin M is made a few days after infection. Immunoglobulin G is made later and is designed by nature in the human body to neutralize the invading virus. The test gives a positive or negative answer whether these antibodies are present to overcome the virus. Unlike the swab test for the nose this test takes only a pin prick and is quick with quick results. For asymptomatic people the swab test is needed as it detects the material in the nose which carries the virus itself.

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In Britain, in India and in the EU, the race is between the vaccination drive and the infection case growth, as each country and region takes steps to accelerate and organize production, distribution and administering of the vaccine to all parts of the population.

The latest late stage trial for Astra Zeneca vaccine in US, Chile and Peru, offers new hope. It is shown in that trial that it is 100% effective in prevention of hospitalization and deaths, and 79% effective in prevention of symptomatic illness from the coronavirus. It is also seen as safe by experts as it goes for FDA regulatory approval in the US. It is provided at cost, and storage is in ordinary refrigerators for long periods, with production in India of large quantities of the vaccine, making it a vaccine that could reach large parts of the world's population.

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The contrast between lack of effective measures taken in the Lombardy region with the aggressive action in Veneto that has proved effective. Veneto followed the method of quarantining, mass testing for clusters and isolating the affected people.  The Italian government took the first steps to close off northern Italy Feb 22, and it was not till March 10 that a nationwide lockdown was done. The action taken in the Veneto region is shown here in this WSJ report with the town of Vo as an example of steps taken that worked. A microbiology professor and infectious diseases expert at the University of Padua, Dr Crisanti, developed a test for the coronavirus as early as mid-January using the information made public by Chinese doctors. Dr. Crisanti oversaw the testing of 95% of residents of Vo, a town of 3400 people in Veneto region. He found 3% of the population was infected, with half testing positive asymptomatic. Following the aggressive lockdown the tests were done two weeks later and the rate of infection had fallen to 0.1% with only 8 new infections. "The main lesson from VO is that when you have a cluster of infected people, you should do a very aggressive lockdown and then test as many people as possible," Dr Crisanti says. The results from Vo led to Veneto increasing testing in the rest of the region carrying out 80,000 tests, compared to 88,000 in Lombardy, with double the population and 5 times more infections. Lombardy followed government directives to test only those with symptoms. When it spreads it is harder to do the test isolate clusters, test isolate clusters, in a continual loop, yet this remains the method cited by Dr. Brx in the U.S. today as the right way to target clusters in a laser approach. In yesterday's briefing at the White House Dr Brx said this is a method the U.S. is familiar with and has used in Africa to tackle HIV, Ebola Virus. It is possible using GPS to target down to a specific clinic in a specific place, which is how it was successfully done in Africa. ...

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This beautiful DW.com video shows the use of face masks in vibrant colors and styles is in the hope that it will become popular. It is of great importance in the fight to stop the spread of coronavirus. A large part of people who have coronavirus are asymptomatic and are a big problem as spreaders of the virus, say health experts. The Robert Koch Institute in Germany recommends use of face masks. Jena is the first city in Germany making them mandatory. Other cities will follow, only not soon enough,

Face masks to prevent spreading the virus are a way of life in China, South Korea. Then why is it so difficult for Europe and the U.S.? Czech Republic and Slovakia have made face masks mandatory. The Center for Disease Control in the U.S. are now revising their guidelines to require people to wear face masks to avoid the spread of the virus, cloth masks or scarfs could be used also.