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Offices are being redesigned to let in more fresh air and sunshine, and to avoid the old practice of closed spaces with offices sealed off from outside air. Filtering indoor air completely, and deploying ultra violet light to get rid of the virus, are new ways to improve office space. Outdoor air is critical in the new redesigns.

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Egan Bernal, 22 year old from Colombia is the expected winner of the Tour de France. He and last years winner Geraint Thomas are from the same team. Colombians have consistently done well at the high altitudes in the Alps where part of the race is run.

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Studies that show coronavirus cases are just as prevalent in the younger age groups 15-34 years as with older Germans. One such study uses data from the Robert Koch Institute and published in Eurosurveillance, a journal on infectious diseases. In this study scientists conclude that relative risk (RR) for coronavirus for residents of Germany 15-34 years, and particularly 20-24 years, was noticeably higher than in all other age groups. This study also determined that similar patterns emerged in South Korea where 20-29 years old age group had the highest number of detected cases.

This DW.com report attributes this higher coronavirus cases in younger age groups to work in high contact jobs in service industries, and to greater use of public transport. Laxity early on in following social distancing guidelines is also mentioned as a cause. Other causes could be greater attendance in sports stadiums and music venues.

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Xi Jinping in his New Year speech showed an awareness of the vast changes taking place and the need for humility, listening to different viewpoints during the pandemic. It reflects the new tone after the zero covid policies were abruptly put aside. "Ours is a big country. It is only natural for different people to have different concerns or hold different views on the same issue." Xi urged consensus through communication and consultation. He has told visiting European officials that the frustration with covid policies had caused prtoests mostly by students. Today sick workers are bringing factories to a halt, service sector activity is slowing down. Hospitals are swamped with sick patients. Xi says the policy shift is a way to adapt to the evolving virus with higher transmissibility and lower fatality rate for Omicron coronavirus. He describes China's economy as basically sound and reaching 4% growth in 2022 and GDP at about $17.4 trillion not adjusted for inflation. ...

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See what individual parents say in Australia after social media is removed from children's lives under 16 years. The vast majority of parents are relieved by 2025 removal of social media from 16 year olds in Australia- Guardian collects views of individual parents. The first twelve of 20 views expressed to The Guardian are quite positive with parents and also children relieved. About four are ambivalent or say kids will circumvent the restriction. Only about four question the restriction saying their children get social connections. In all 16 out 20 accept this as a necessary direction in this small audience poll by Guardian.

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China's population decline and fewer working age people is likely to reduce the high capital accumulation that sustained rapid growth in the past. China's dependency ratio- population of children and elderly relative to the 15 to 64 year old age group went up to 46% in 2021 from 34% in 2010, says WSJ. This means less savings accumulation, and less of the enormous pool of cheap capital of the last 2 decades that led to fast growth. That period is ending. This makes the subsidy based approach to push key industries such as chips and solar panels in the past much more difficult in the future, says Nathaniel Taplin in the WSJ. 

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About 4.2 million Americans will be 65 years old in 2024, and for the next six years about 4 million will be added to the 65 plus population each year making the 2030 population of 65 plus larger by about 24 million people. As America ages it will need more young people to do many jobs in healthcare, care for the elderly, in agriculture and transport. This is what we are seeing in Japan and even a country highly protective of its own culture has a policy of admitting immigrants from Vietnam and other countries to meet worker shortages. Claire Ansberry looks at the 65 plus population today and compares it to 35 years ago and finds it is more oriented to exercise, health, and has more accumulated wealth. About 20% of people over 65 years work today compared to 15% 35 years ago, says Pew Research, and of these working 65 year olds two thirds are working full time compared to half in 1987. They are wealthier having median net worth of $410,000 today compared to $282,000 in 2010 much of the 45% gain made in the last 2 years from rising house prices and stock investments. Those over 75 years have a 13% gain. Overall the wealth is significantly higher today. ...

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Achievements of Elvira Nabiullina as central bank chief in Russia since 2013 are the reducing of US dollar reserves from 40% to 11%of $600 billion in Russian reserves shifting to hold most of its reserves in euros, gold or renminbi Chinese currency. She also implemented the alternative to SWIFT the global bank messaging system, and changed the payments infrastructure to process credit card transactions in the country so departure of Visa and Mastercard had minimal effect.

In this way this highly respected banker has protected Russia's economy from western sanctions, says NYT. She is trusted by president Putin and was adviser to Putin in 2012, minister of economic development before that when Putin was prime minister. When Russia suffered an economic crisis in 2014 as oil prices fell sharply and Saudis increased oil production, the ruble fell. Nabiullina increased rates to 17%, and the economy shrank till it stabilized with inflation down to 4% by 2017.

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The alliance between the PRD on the left and the PAN party on the right in Mexico on an anti-corruption platform creates a third option in Mexico after the PRI under president Nieto, and the party of Lopez Obrador. Obrador and the candidate of the PAN/PRD Ricardo Anaya, 38 years, now are level in polls with 32 percent support and the PRI candidate Antonio Meade at 25%. The Nieto administration is tainted with several corruption scandals and about 75% of Mexicans want a change in government, in a Reforma poll. Obrador contested for the PRD in 2006 in a close election, and in 2012 formed his own party. If successful this would be the first time three parties form together to form a coalition government in Mexico, with the Citizens Party joining the PRD/PAN coalition. This is similar to the way in which the left and the right are getting together to topple the old politicians with new younger faces in other countries- including in France, and in Italy in upcoming elections with the left and the right represented in the En Marche movement in France, and in the Five Star Movement in Italy. In Germany a left -right coalition is being put together with the CDU and the Social Democrats coming together on social issues. After state elections in 2016 the opposition winning 3 governorships from ruling PRI, and the election in the state of Mexico where a divided field made it possible for the ruling PRI to hold onto power even after losing 1 million votes, both the PRD and the PAN parties realized the need to come together on an anti-corruption platform. Corruption and rejection of the old politicians bringing in a younger generation into politics is a major issue in many countries. ...

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The FDA has handled the importation of masks from China badly says this report in WSJ. During the shortage FDA let 3500 Chinese manufacturers selling products of wide variations in quality to send masks to the U.S. Millions of these N95 masks are now available imported from China but their reliability is uncertain. The FDA even has the same manufacturers on approved and revoked approval lists creating more confusion. The FDA gave then revoked approval for products that failed quality standards.  The WSJ found that some of the companies given approval early were just weeks old and had not completed quality review by FDA. The WSJ reports that more than 60% of foreign made masks nearly all Chinese made failed basic U.S. government quality tests that reviewed 22 brands according to regulatory data. About one fifths of the makers were just weeks old and others made claims that were simply not correct. The FDA acted in a crisis situation so bad actors could take advantage of the situation say experts.  What happens now. The states of California,Washington and Texas are now checking their supplies of N95 masks to see if all the makers are on authorized lists and not revoked. Many doctors and hospitals are going through much anxiety because of the safety of their N95 masks in close contact situations in eyecare, dental care and other care, is now uncertain. ...

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Showing how far Congress has fallen behind in making the laws that regulate the cryptocurrency companies to protect the public, the SEC relies on an old 1993 law written 30 years back. The SEC has come under criticism as more losses to investors take place and crypto currency companies collapse. Gary Gensler's efforts at the SEC and the failure to effectively regulate the industry and protect the public are the subject of WSJ reports this month.

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The balloons detected over US airspace at 40,000 feet that stirred up tension are now seen as intended for surveillance over Guam and Hawaii and blown off course by winds into Alaska and then Montana. This report in the NYT says US State department officials told Chinese diplomats on Feb. 1 about the balloon - 24 hours later China's Foreign ministry officials told US diplomats at the US embassy privately that the balloon a harmless civilian machine had gone off course. On Friday Feb. 3 China issued a public statement expressing regret. What happened after wards showed a series of poor decisions by Chinese officials and the balloon's civilian run balloon company under contract with the PLA says the NYT.  At that point the balloon's operators tried to accelerate it out of American airspace before it was shot down over South Carolina. On Saturday NYT says China told the US this acceleration was intended to get it out of American airspace.This story may not be widely read or covered so that most of the people in the US may already believe that China had intentionally flown surveillance equipment over Montana and the continental US. The US flies hundreds of reconnaissance flights near the coast of China says one defense expert.  This NYT correction of the original story on the spy balloons did not get any front page coverage in the WSJ, BBC, The Guardian, DW.com, FR24, and the NYT story itself got only 5 comments, showing how important it is for governments and information communicators to get each story right. A similar situation of a lack of communication with poor decisions may have delayed a unified response to the covid pandemic in its earliest stages. It shows how gaps in perception and information can gradually affect a relationship which the US had once nurtured into a critical part of its supply chain manufacturing following wartime cooperation against the Japanese invasion, the civil war in China, and later the Korean,  Vietnam Wars during the Cold War.    ...

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Berlin's Neues Museum destroyed during the war, is painstakingly built using the bricks and stone from the ruins, by the London architect David Chipperfield. As for many public buildings in Germany the past is opportunity, and the scraps of the old building were used, with "millions of decisions" technical, aesthetic and political in a vast jigsaw puzzle handed down by Stuler the original architect of the building- which opened in 1855 to promote "the elevated interests of the people." Chipperfield built a new building using the remains of the old. And based on the long lines in Berlin, waiting for hours in the cold March weekend and stretching for half amile, the building works for the people of Berlin. Of the grand central stairway that edges on upward through the old brick and into the new structure, upward to more light, the NYT writer Kimmelman says that this space is a metaphor for Germany today. In their response to its history Berliners are keeping the history as part of the large jigsaw puzzle of human experience and response....

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The size of Matteo Renzi's win in the nationwide primary, with about 70% supporting him of 2.9 million voters, suggests the mood is changing in Italy for making changes to the old system. Renzi talks about changing education, the government health system, taking a new look at union positions, and coming into a consensus with conservative voters. Renzi and prime minister Letta are moderates from a younger generation in Italy from the same party and need to work together. Angelino Alfano of the centre right is also from the younger generation, marking a shift in Italy.

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The Economist magazine says the difficult process of Brexit is now being put by Theresa May into the hands of the pro-Brexit ministers, Liam Fox, David Davis and Boris Johnson. Just staffing the Department for Exiting the EU under Davis, and the Department for International Trade under Liam Fox is taking a lot of time. And the differences between Fox and Davis also figure into the time it will take to invoke Article 50. It says the points put forward by Brexiters that Britain could revert to WTO rules do not work so well in practice, and it takes years to negotiate new trade agreements with other countries. It sees many problems, and says it is no wonder that Theresa May has told the Brexiter ministers to come up with answers as they are the ones who have sold this idea to the country.

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Indian Railways is going through a huge modernization program making travel at high speeds possible between major cities and making remote locations accessible. This BBC report looks at the travel that was done in the older version of Indian Railways in crowded rail compartments and different conditions. Rail travel to Baramulla in Kashmir and Rameswaram in Tamilnadu state are shown at different ends of India. This is changing rapidly as more modern trains which cover long distances in a few hours are taking the place of older trains. Modern rail stations are replacing old ones with levels of convenience and technology matching that in Europe.

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One of the opportunities of this pandemic is that it offers a chance to think anew and act anew. Where in Lincoln's words "the dogmas of the past are inadequate for the stormy present, as our case is new we must think anew and act anew." Here Vladimir Putin offers his assessment of how the pandemic calls for a fresh approach to reviving De Gaulle and other postwar European leaders vision of Europe that spanned the entire continent culturally including Russia. He accepts mistakes have been made by all sides and the title of the article by Putin is "Be Open, Despite the Past." The Russian Embassy in Germany contacted De Zeit for publication of an article by Putin, and it can be seen as part of the Russian response to president Biden's effort to build a new cooperative relationship with Russia that is in the best interests of the US, Russia, Germany, the European Union and also of India which has a cooperative relationship with Russia. There is the danger that it could be seen as reported in The Times of London and comments posted seeing it against distrust built around Ukraine and Eastern Europe. The 670 Comments in Germany on De Zeit site on the article reflect a more German perspective of being a close neighbor that suffered so much from the war that left millions dead on both sides. One German commenter says his father and grandfather were forcibly recruited to fight in France and Russia and suffered much in wartime. The occasion is the 80th anniversary of the German invasion of Russia in World War II. Some of what Putin has to say- "We hoped that the end of the Cold War would mean victory for all of Europe. It would not be long before Charles De Gaulle's vision of a unified continent would become a reality, more culturally and civilizationally from Lisbon to Vladivostock." Russia has changed, Russians see themselves as European, as part of the larger European Union, culturally and civilizationally. This is not the old Russia of the Cold War or of the Soviet period. "NATO itself a relic of the Cold War, created out of a confrontation from that time." Not objecting to NATO but to the expansion of NATO to Russia's borders. But saying this has not got us anywhere where our heart not our brain says we ought to go. Lets try again to draw different conclusions from what we have seen. Its important to think anew because "we are all confronted with the common challenges of the pandemic and its extremely serious social and economic consequences." "The entire prosperity and security of our common continent are only possible through the combined efforts of all our countries, including Russia because Russia is one of the largest European states. Wed feel our inseparable cultural and economic ties to Europe." "We simply cannot afford to carry around the burden of previous misunderstandings, hurts, conflicts and mistakes. A burden that prevents us from solving current problems. We are convinced that we all have to admit and correct these mistakes. Our common and undisputed goal is to ensure the security of the continent without dividing lines. And to create a unified space for equal cooperation and collective development in the interests of the prosperity of Europe and of the whole world." President Biden was right to think anew and act anew in Geneva, and to "disenthrall ourselves" from old ways of thinking, and for rising to the occasion. Jill Biden said of president Biden's preparation for the meeting in Geneva- "Hell, he was overprepared," and it showed Biden's genuine feeling and effort that he owed it "in the interests of Europe and the world."       ...

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Robert Redford American actor and founder of Sundance Film Festival of Utah passed away at age 89 years in September 2025. He is remembered for giving independent films a start by develping the infrastructure for this in Utah. Redford started buying land in Utah early in his career as he realized that the Los Angeles area where he grew up was becoming congested and lacked green space with expanding development. Utah also offered him the wide open spaces in the mountains and an opportunity to work with independent films of artistic value. He worked with director Sidney Pollack and actors Paul Newman and Dustin Hoffman, Jane Fonda, in many popular films including- Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, The Sting, The Way We Were, and Out of Africa. He also directed films such as The Ordinary People winning an Academy Award for direction.  After Van Nuys High School, he attended the University of Colorado on a baseball scholarship before dropping out. He spent time in Europe followed by study at the Pratt Institute in New York, and classes at American Academy of Dramatic Arts, which led to his acting in a Broadway play Neil Simon's Barefoot in the Park in 1963.  Of films Redford never let the publicity affect him and cared little for being well known, preferring the wide open spaces of Utah exactly because he knew so little about the area and also because it felt like home not being so well known. Sydney Pollack sees Redford as representing a little bit of the American essence as it were, part of the old American landscape of the 1950's and 1960's, of the old heroic figures of that period in American history. ...

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Will AI reduce the curiosity that drives the creation of new knowledge and the curiosity for new discoveries that powered science and technology since 1600? Will it affect the human tendency and habit of asking questions, seeking out novel answers that is intrinsically human that AI cannot do? Scientific inventions that led to Europe leading the way and Asia falling behind after 1600 and new inventions taking place for 300 years with old theories discarded and new knowledge created are impossible under an AI arrangement. If AI existed in 1600 few new discoveries would have happened because they involve asking new questions and finding answers to these questions that take many years sometimes a lifetime of discovery and invention. Other weaknesses of AI are for example that it is fast but it cannot think- it is pieces of knowledge pinned together in different ways that come up from billions of pieces of information pieced together. It gives the appearance of thinking if one is not careful to look at it's process diligently. Its main source is using the public knowledge base built by Wikipedia, with other additions piled on top. Wikipedia may be wrong there are biases and tendencies to overlook facts in Wikipedia inherent in any knowledge exercise. These are then transferred to AI without anyone knowing about it openly, making it more dangerous in that it precludes creative thinking and finding solutions that never existed before to problems or questions, which can only be done by the human mind through its curiosity and stubborn dogged desire to find solutions to a problem.  ...

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NT looks at the Florida Advanced Courses and Tests which provide an alternative to the approach taken by the Advanced Placement AP Courses. AP in American History of the College Board differs from FACTS AP history Course in many ways. College Boards AP History gives the history of America as a flawed nation, not the nation we know from the Declaration of Independence that has inspired people around the world with its bold statement "all men are created equal" by Thomas Jefferson that set forth the ideal to reach for. The problem the world feels with the flawed nation idea is that it does not make America the beacon of democracy, the rule of law, of scientific and industrial progress that offer a path to progress for the emerging nations of Africa, Latin America and Asia, that they can emulate. AP History of the College Board does not accept the idea that the Bible was the source of inspiration for the Pilgrims that came to the US on the Mayflower, and not reading the Bible is to not be able top see life as seen by the early settlers of the US, even when there were flaws. ...

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Turning Open AI into for profit after starting as a supposedly altruistic tendency venture has opened new fault lines in the company with many people leaving. The AI is now becoming a kind of gold rush with companies putting huge price tags on talent and committing some of the nation's limited capital resources into directions that lead to the massive waste that led to economic crises in the 1930's. It is reported that it will put major stress on the grid and on electricity resources and that Tech companies do not want to pay for this. The government needs to act boldly with its own "bold persistent experimentation" to find solutions where the Nation keeps its edge in many emerging technologies yet does not waste resources, or divert resources from other purposes that are vital to the better lives that all Americans aspire to. These needs are in housing (3 million new homes), in small business uplift, in renewable energy and climate change action, in education to lift NAEP scores, in early childhood education, and in healthcare. ...

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United is looking for a merger partner as its one of the weakest of the large airlines. But no good fit is to be seen. United emerged from bankruptcy in a fairly weak condition and has not been able to come up with better margins. Its margin is only 2% compared to 6.1% for Southwest. Its planes are 20 years old and no new orders are being placed. Its possible that the airline may be sold piecemeal, such as its maintenance operations, its cargo business, and its Mileage Plus frequent flyer program.

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Economists estimate a loss of 0.5% to 1% in GDP from the move to cancel large denomination rupee notes by the Modi government to stem corruption. Forecasted growth was at 7.6%. The real estate sector where most deals are in cash and black money is most hit. At the same time more deposits are being made of old currency notes, increasing the money banks have to lend. The government says the rural sector is not affected as badly as critics suggest- with 6.3% increase in sowing of winter crops.

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Hedge funds Greenwich Financial and Braddock Financial have told banks they will take legal action if loans are renegotiated in ways that hurt the funds. Many hedge funds hold mortgage securities.

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The Zwickau plant near Dresden, Germany, is the biggest electric car plant in Europe. German car manufacturers including VW have embraced technological change in electric car manufacturing. In the past this plant made 3 million Trabant cars in the old East Germany or GDR. The Trabants were highly polluting, the new electric cars are a way to tackle climate change and reduce air pollution.