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Different versions of renewal America for the Senate seat in Pennsylvania, one from head of investment firm Bridgewater Associates Dave McCormick, with assets over $100 million, and Bob Casey Jr. representing working class voters and rural voters left behind in three decades of Reagan trickle down economics and lack of government support to industry, workers and farmers under prior administrations of Clinton, Bush, Obama and Trump. Both president Joe Biden and Bob Casey are from Scranton, Pennsylvania, a iron and steel town from the 19th century, and Casey lives in Scranton, close to working class families of northeastern Pennsylvania, many of them of Irish descent from earlier immigration waves in American history. Bob Casey Jr is unique as he sees America coming back in steel. Harris thinks so as she said in Pittsburgh at Carnegie Mellon, steel is back, not just Chips and Science. Instead of outsourcing investment as the large hedge funds have done in China, and outsourcing jobs overseas, making right here in America and delivering as Biden is doing with one trillion dollars of investment.  ...

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Daniel Finkelstein of The Times of London says in this essay that DJT's world view is essentially the worldview that the US has held for much of the 20th century. He cautions Starmer and his Foreign Secretary David Lammy- the better to understand where this worldview comes from than to look ridiculous simply praising this worldview in 2025.  On McKinley as president DJT is more well read than others. Two Roosevelts backed the buildup of the US Navy, TR Teddy Roosevelt and his nephew Franklin Roosevelt as Secretary of the Navy. The US Navy emerges for America's role in the Pacific from this time at the turn of the century. Francis Perkins in her book  "The Roosevelt I Knew" describes Roosevelt's advice to Perkins in 1934 about the League of Nations and how Woodrow Wilson's failure to get Congress to understand it on Senators own terms led to the US not becoming part of the League of Nations. The US was not automatically inclined to accept the world role or its role in Europe. Roosevelt tells Frances Perkins  who was closest to him in his presidency- on International Labor Organization membership FDR told Perkins he must get the Senate Foreign Relations Committee members on board. "Remember how Wilson lost the League of Nations, lost the opportunity for the United States to take part in the most important international undertaking ever conceived. He lost it by not getting Congress to participate. They have a sense of responsibility and can't have sincere convictions unless they are given a chance."   ...

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There is something about John F. Kennedy that makes his 1000 days simply the blueprint for America's first 100 years since his presidency in 1960- in space and by extension in climate change, in civil rights, in diversity that spans the whole world of Asia-Africa-Latin America, in the struggle for global literacy and education.

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This NYT report cites safety experts saying that Norfolk Southern's excessive focus on profits may be partly to blame for derailments and accidents like the one in Ohio. Norfolk Southern made $3 billion in 2022, invested $2 billion in its railways and operations, up a third from 2021. But says the NYT Norfolk invested only half of the $18 billion it put into stock buybacks and dividends for its railways and  operations over a five year period. One environmental group says the railways have fought all kinds of basic safety regulations- modern braking systems, stronger tank cars for explosive, even information on what's on trains from passing to communities. Senator Maria Cantwell of Washington now leads an investigation from the Senate Commerce Committee. She said- Over the past five years the 7 railroads "have cut their workforce by nearly one third, shuttered rail yards where rail cars are traditionally inspected, and are running longer and heavier trains." Concerns about staffing shortages and rail road scheduling policies led to workers not being able to take medical leave leading to workers deciding to go on strike. This was averted by president Biden on December 2, 2022 by imposing a contract for pay raises and better terms for workers on the railroad companies only about 3 months before this train disaster. ...

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The Independence Hall Philadelphia, speech by Joe Biden was in retrospect a turning point in America from the chaotic politics of the last 5 years, following a decades long fracturing of the social fabric of America. That fracturing had many causes, all of which have been identified by president Biden and leaders in Congress such as Mr. Schumer and Senators Coon, Hickenlooper, and others, who are working nonstop on legislation and funding of America's new priorities. These are priorities of protecting working class families, building their savings, supporting education and healthcare for working class families, building back better America's crumbling infrastructure, tackling climate change, financing renewable energy, rebuilding America as a manufacturing leader for the world. It is because of this effort that candidates who support this effort prevailed in Pennsylvania, Nevada, and Arizona for Democrats to retain the Senate and be competitive in the House of Representatives. Only complacency led to unexpected losses in New York state for the House of Representatives leading to loss of the House by a small margin. This NYT report looks at what happened in 2022 and what this means for securing the country's key priorities to build hope for the future of America and of the free world.  ...

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The Nixon Mao meeting of 1972 now seems a very long time ago. Little is mentioned here in this WSJ report on what was happening inside China in 1972. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution had severely divided the Communist Party. This was followed by the Lin Piao episode in which the defense minister clashed with Mao leading to a complete loss of confidence in the stability of the leadership. China sought the meeting and Chou-en-lai, premier and Mao's minister for foreign relations, was eager to seek a new relationship with the US. The period 1960-1970 had pushed China back 10-20 years in its effort to develop an industrial economy.  The event is presented as one in which the two countries were meeting at the same level after the Korean War, which was not the case. This report says it was the $3 trillion in US and foreign investment that helped an economy the size of India in 1972 to emerge into what it is today, much larger than India. This report goes on to cite Foreign Affairs and other authors who write that Mr. Kissinger and Mr Nixon saw this as a self-promotional event in contrast to the situation Chou-en-lai, the Chinese premier faced during that difficult time in China's history. ...

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US life expectancy dropped by 1.5 years to 77.3 years, the largest drop since 1943. This takes life expectancy back to the level in 2003. During the pandemic of 1918 the drop was 11.5 years, showing how much difference vaccines and modern medicine can make. The drop is a result of coronavirus, and added to this are the complications for people with other diseases including chronic liver disease, which is connected to use of alcohol. There was a decline in asthma and cancer related diseases. Delayed treatment for health conditions because of lockdowns and homicide increase were other causes of the drop.

Isolation, stress and disruption of normal diet and exercise will have effects still to be seen, say experts. 

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Zelensky's speech to the Joint Session of the US Congress comes 81 years after Winston Churchill's speech to the US Congress in December 1941 after the bombing of Pearl Harbor by the Japanese.

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75 years of the NATO alliance France looks at its new role.

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The trade agreement with Australia starts a process of taking India's exports far beyond the current figure of $400 billion and creating the jobs that come with it. It will double bilateral trade over 5 years to take it to $50 billion. This also shows the wisdom of India not joining the Comprehensive Economic Partnership pushed by president Obama.

The natural ties within the English speaking peoples and the common historical ties within the Commonwealth of Nations that include Australia, Canada, Britain, the Gulf Nations, and South East Asia provide a natural trade and economic region for India.  Next planned are trade agreements with Canada and Britain, and an effort to bring all the six nations in the Gulf Cooperation Council into and Economic Partnership with India, An agreement was also signed with the United Arab Emirates. Very important is a trade agreement with Germany and the European Union for close economic integration with Europe.

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Left out in much of the media coverage is that Zelensky's popularity rating in Ukraine, after three years of war and everyone having lost at least one family member, is at a low of 16%, and most people prefer that he not run again for president, as reported in this In Depth report in The Times of London. After huge losses on the Russian side, Russia's economy on war footing and costs of the war, and on the Ukrainian side fatigue and losses with infrastructure badly damaged, there is only one way out with a negotiated settlement. Biden and NATO's support is mostly to give Ukraine a negotiating position for a settlement as a new president DJT takes office in the US, also looking for a settlement of the war not letting it drag on with nothing to gain for NATO or Russia.

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A look by FR24 at the 5 years of Macron in office and some of the efforts that floundered such as the effort to work with Trump and Putin.

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Larger solar farms producing 30MW are part of the many solar power projects rejected in the UK in the last 5 years says this report in The Guardian. This would have cut an estimated 100 million pounds off of UK electricity bills says environmental group Green Alliance, enough renewable energy to power 147,000 homes.

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This NYT report says Mr. Trump paid not much  in taxes in 10 of the prior 15 years because of losses sustained by many of the projects in the hotel business.

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Turkey's inflation rate continues to rise even after a government effort in December to stabilize the economy by stabilizing the lira. Annual inflation jumped from 21% in November to 36% in December, according to the Turkey Statistical Institute. The true inflation rate could be much higher. The ENAGrup estimate after assessing thousands of prices is that true annual inflation is 82%. Ordinary Turks have difficulty affording essential food supplies, says this WSJ report. Turkey has overdependence on the US dollar in its government and bank borrowings which has intensified the impact of the cost increases world wide with the supply chain problems and higher energy prices. Food imports now are much costlier. Depreciation of the lira currency by about 50% added to the impact of the overall global inflation. The lira has come back a bit to 40% loss of value after an unorthodox government plan, yet inflation continues to rise. Deeper problems within the economy that were hidden when the economy was in high growth years are now apparent as the world sees an inflationary surge during the second year of the pandemic. ...

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The Vice Chief of the Indian Army explains in detail how the scheme that is rolled out for Agnipath is a pilot project and how the lessons learned will be incorporated over the next 5 years. He says the recruits leave with something like 24 lakhs rupees for a second innings at age 22, with the opportunity to get 13 lakhs in preferential basis loans in government assistance to start an enterprise. Others could choose to enhance their education and go on to get degrees under preferential educational setup. The idea is not to set them up for life but get them off to a good start as they are only about 22 years and with special technical skills acquired during their 4 years in the armed services. Technical skills acquired in the airforce could be even more advanced. Private industry in an India almost twice the size of the economy that exists today and the fastest growing economy in the world would easily absorb 30,000 of such highly trained disciplined people in the scheme who leave. The US GI Bill and other similar programs for the military have shown that this works and private industry is eager to take in these people on a preferential basis. These in fact have proven to be even more attractive opportunities using the example of the US experience than a government job. Lt. Gen. Raju says about the All India regiments replacing the homogenous units of the past. The Rastriya Rifles  and similar units in the Army have shown that the bonding happens for people from different parts of the country. He could have said that it is seen in the cricket teams where the bonding is between people from different regions and places. These units have performed very well says Raju in the LAC, in Kashmir, in border areas and in other situations. ...

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Ben Gvir's Religious Zionism party sees a surge of support in Israeli elections to come in third place. Mr. Netanyahu's Likud bloc party leads with a majority of seats in parliament in Israeli elections.

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Bristlecone pines deep in the Inyo National Forest in high altitude alpine forest of central California are some of the oldest trees on earth. About 4000 years old. The NYT shows pictures of the pines and the forest.

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To understand the situation in Hong Kong and in China, it is necessary to know about the early years of the Cultural Revolution around 1966 to 1976  and the period of economic and cultural experimentation that followed its failure. This is the period in which China's leader Xi Jinping was growing up and went to University, a period during which his father XI Zhongxun was persecuted in party struggles about ideas driving the party. Ironically the Cultural Revolution was a period when China under Mao launched an effort to stamp out western and capitalist influence in China promoting efforts to go back to the countryside where most of the people lived, in sharp contrast to the opposite of attracting western technology and urbanization pursued today.   Xi Jinping's father as party leader in Guangdong province 1978-1980 after rehabilitation under premier Deng in the period of experimentation with economic models, never lost faith in the party's ideals and what it sought to achieve. China's rejuvenation after centuries of backwardness and the disaster of the opium wars that led to opening China to opium trade by Britain and the ceding of Hong Kong as a British colony, remained indelibly in the mind of the father and today in his son in the form of the "China Dream." The South China Morning Post gives useful insights by looking at the early years of Xi Jinping. ...

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Approaching euro dollar parity and the weakening currencies in Japan and Britain is the subject of this editorial in the WSJ. The ECB is focused on preventing divergence in bond rates of Germany and Italy more than it is in fighting inflation. The Fed in the US is increasing rates aggressively to curb inflation. This divergence in policies of central banks is making the dollar stronger.