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The Guardian looks back at 2023 and covers the work of scientists from US, Germany and Brazil showing the damage. NASA scientist James Hansen tells The Guardian that with the current stage of politics and inaction on climate change young people in the world need to take over. Scientists at the Japan Meteorological Agency measured temperatures at 0.53 degrees centigrade higher than the global average 1990 -2021. This was higher than the previous high reached in 2016 of 0.35 degrees centigrade. Over the long term the world is considered to be 1.2 degrees hotter than preindustrial times, by experts. Included is the report "Hothouse Earth" by the Potsdam Institute of Climate research and other experts on the speed of the global warming.

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With Ukraine unwilling to give up the Donbass and Germany/France/UK wanting to prevent Russian favored deal adverse for Europe, US focus on Monroe Doctrine and western hemisphere, Ukraine Russia war is likely to drag on. This is what one sees in Merz, Zelensky, Rubio speeches at the Munich Security conference. In 2026 Germany+ (that includes France and the UK) does not see it in the interests of Europe to allow a Ukraine capitulation to Russian attacks and Germany has already allocated funds to rebuild its military to prevent this from affecting Germany+ interests in Europe. Even though the winter attacks on Ukraine grid and electricity infrastructure leaves Kviv and other cities in a dire situation it appears that without the 20 year security guarantee or something solid Ukraine is not willing to sign an agreement which it fears Russia could turn around and start the war again. Germany+ which is the position of the major parties in Germany 60-70 % of voters for the SDP, CDU, Greens and others except AfD with 20-30% of voters. (AfD may have reached a ceiling as CDU under Merz is tough on migrants). Which means about 70% of Germans will support a policy of joining UK and France in resisting Russian attacks. Russia may have lost so much in manpower may see the war as a vindication only if it can hold onto the Donbass which may make it harder to reach a deal. Zelensky says Ukrainians live there and is unwilling to leave the Donbas region. The net result is that Germany+ and Ukraine are not likely to concede ground, the US reluctant to commit to 20 year security condition for Ukraine as it focuses energy on the western hemisphere and the fentanyl, drug traffickers in Mexico, Venezuela and Colombia, and their support structures in Cuba, in addition to Iran and China's plan on Taiwan sees limits to what it can do beyond limiting oil's funding the Russian attacks. It is amisrepresentation to say that the US is the cause, as everything changed the moment China became an industrial power with the help of US business interests and returned to its own story of being subject to British and Japanese incursions in the 19th and 20th centuries, and sensing that it is an industrial power in its own right by 2020 and insisting on framing its own policy in the world. Europe always had its own narrative since 1600 long before the US became an industrial power under Teddy Roosevelt in 1904. In that narrative which now plays out again different European powers band together to prevent any dominant power in Europe (Russia in 2026) from gaining dominance. ...

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As India's growth rate improves, one weak area is agriculture which is growing at about 3% a year, and contributes only 13.7% to GDP. Of huge significance is that about 600 million people depend on agriculture. Lagging development in this area leaves the nation backward as a whole. Farming practices are still backward and have not changed significantly. Agricultural markets, infrastructure, is still backward and needs improvement. Decline in the size of plots since 1970 from about 6 acres to about 3 acres today, and low productivity on farms is a problem. Farmers fear being pushed off the land and politicians look to the rural vote to preserve the status quo. Poor monsoon rains can increase problems for farmers as three fifths of farmland is still without irrigation. Agricultural markets are fragmented, so that apples from Himachal Pradesh in the north are not easily shipped to Karnataka in the south, and coconuts in the south not easily shipped to the north. State marketing boards in India called Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees (APMC's) control trade in fruit and vegetables. There are about 3000 fragmented agricultural markets in India, and markets can be fragmented within states. Laws from the 1950's to prevent hoarding are still on the books reducing incentives to invest in cold storage and warehouses, a significant problem in India leading to much waste and rotting of agricultural products. This hurts farmers because it leads to cuts in price. The distribution chain also hurts farmers with middlemen and commissioning agents taking as much as 6% in commission compared to the international level of about 0.5%. This review of the state of agriculture by the Economist says that 25 years after the first reforms opening up India's economy in 1990, agriculture as one area which touches the life of about half the population has not seen much change....

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Warming of oceans by climate change cause US hurricanes Helene and Milton 2024. Ocean heat content in the Gulf of Mexico is much higher in October 2024 than the average heat content 2013-2023, as shown in this NYT chart. At a single glance one can see climate change at work. This is real America. And FEMA is stretched thin, not adequately funded for the natural disasters happening all over the US, yet Congress has failed to act, and the AI billionaires shown in today's NYT piece "Imperial Reach," talk about trillions of dollars they wish to divert from essential needs of the Nation in climate change action, disaster relief, childcare, health, and education, more than the GDP of European nations. In effect writing off the Nation's future and future generations.  

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After struggles at home in France Macron finds a new role as a leader of Europe working with Kier Starmer of the UK, when Germany is still forming a new government following last week's 2025  federal elections.

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To limit global warming to increase in temperatures by 1.5 degree centigrade by 2030 requires 2019 global emissions of 52 billion metric tons to come down to 25 billion by 2030. If China continues to use coal the way it now does till 2030 as is expected today it will continue to have the 2019 carbon emissions of 14 million metric tons or more than half of global carbon emissions from about 27% today. Vice premier Han Zheng China's top climate and energy official has reversed course from his earlier admonition in September to "curb resolutely the blind development" of high emissions coal projects. After wide blackouts in Chinese cities and power cuts to factories in the past couple of weeks the new priority Zheng says is "increase coal supplies by any means necessary." Coal provides power to 56% of China's heavy industry. Chinese localities have 104 gigawatts of top priority coal power capacity planned more than what is installed in Japan and Russia. ...

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This Guardian series explains what genetic diversity is and why it is so important in nature and important to feed the planet. It takes the simple banana and shows large plantations and companies produce the Cavendish banana and have let the thousands of other genetic varieties of bananas in Asia and Central America disappear. This is now affected by the Panama disease. In avocados the big farm companies have chosen the Haas and limited farming of other genetic varieties. The same is true of many of the vegetables and fruits one sees inthe supermarkets.  When it comes to foodgrains there were hundreds of foodgrains in nature over long periods of history but big agriculture companies have limited foodgrains to corn, wheat, rice and a few species only. Nature does not operate in this way as it operates with tremendous genetic varieties of  fruits or vegetables, and many species for foodgrains, so that if one is subject to disease or damaged, another more resilient one takes its place. To ensure that there is no food scarcity we have to embrace this kind of genetic diversity says this report in The Guardian. ...

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Farmers near Jodhpur, Rajasthan and the farming of Guar beans which are used for hydraulic fracturing to produce natural gas.

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Paul Krugman points out the problems in rural America that need attention. Integrating rural America faced with problems of joblessness and a sense of being ignored are part of the effort to pull the nation together. Krugman points to economic forces that have pushed the other way. Yet it is the role of government to support farming communities and farmers in what was till the 1950's and 1960's a nation that was both rural and urban. With the rise of tech companies in the last 2 decades problems of rural communities were pushed into the background. 

The founders of the U.S. and the Continental Congress that drafted the U.S. Constitution did this had rural communities in mind in what was then in 1790's a largely rural country. Rural states have the same representation as larger more populous urban states under the U.S. Constitution making it impossible to ignore the rural areas and farmers without damaging the public interest.

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The founder of the modern Olympics is Pierre de Cobertin, a Frenchman. In 1894 he came up with the concept of reviving the ancient games in Greece held every 4 years. In 1896 the first Olympics were held in Athens, Greece. Coubertin is criticized for his colonialist views and for preventing women from participating. His name rarely comes up in the Paris Olympics. Englishmen Thomas Arnold of the Rugby School and William Brookes helped Coubertin develop his ideas on the value of athletics in forming character and the complementing role of sport with intellectual work. Early in his life Coubertin tried to bring the English use of sports in schools to France. He saw the value of athletics competitions in building a core group that could take part in France's defense following the war with Gemany in 1871. His participation in bringing he Olympics of 1936 to Germany is seen as giving credibility to the Nazi regime, which colors his record.

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The German people offer a heart warming welcome to refugees suffering enormous hardships as they make their way through countries in Eastern Europe to Germany.

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This report in The Mint gives information on the extensive preparation for 5G in India including auctioning of 5G spectrum for 51,236 Mhz that was allocated to telecom service providers for 150,000 crore rupees. Jio bid 88,000 crore for half of the spectrum with Airtel Bharti bidding with Vodafone for the rest. The cumulative economic impact on transformation of India is expected to be $450 billion for India by 2035, according to the Ministry of Communications. PM Modi will be shown three different case studies of use in education and other fields. PM's vision is for India to develop 5G parallel to global standards and take the lead in 6G technology. Jio video case will show how a teacher in a school in Mumbai reaches out to students in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Odisha. The Airtel video will show how a girl in Uttar Pradesh learns about the solar system using 5G augmented reality. The Vodafone case will show how safety of workers in an underground construction tunnel of Delhi Metro can be maintained through creating a digital twin of the tunnel on the dias. The digital twin would help give safety alerts to workers from a remote location. Other demos include smart ambulances, health diagnostics, precision drone based farming, smart agri-programme and others. ...

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Jeremy Corbyn was a euroskeptic calling the European Union a "banker's club." Most of his Labour Party's membership opposes Brexit. Experts say a substantial part of the Labour Party's parliamentary vote is needed for any Brexit deal to pass. So far only three members of the Labour Party have deviated from the party direction, and Labour remains united. Corbyn now has the choice to reverse his own skepticism of the EU, so that Labour has a shot at forming a new government to reverse years of Tory policies that Labour sees as neglecting workers.

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The Guardian's Moore provides this heart warming story about Nairobi's inline skating community. It is about young rollerblading teenagers. The fad faded in the West, but it is popular today in Nairobi. Donated from the west the Rollerblade brand skates have made their way into East Africa- creating a skating craze. They zoom across at 110 kilometres an hour. Some learn from Google and You Tube videos. It creates a sense of community for young people, who meet with people from different tribes and don't pay attention to ethnic groups in a place where ethnicity is rampant.

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Demand for biofuels, global warming on food supply in places like Australia, increased demand for food as living standards rise, population growth in Asia, affects food supplies and increase food prices.

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Mandelson and Schwab oinst fingers at eaach other.Mandelson is the top Eu trade negotiator and Schwab represented the USA. Mandelson point to schwab protecting its cotton lobby and US farm interests. Critical for China and India is protecting their food security and growing enough so they do have to depend on imports to feed their 2 billion people. And also the need to protect the poor farmers in both countries as both countries have hundreds of millions of people in the rural interior who earn their livelihood by farming. And even though China has expanded in industrial production much of the industrialization is in the areas near the coast, with a vast rural farming countryside.

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This astounding story in WSJ by Jiyoung Sohn in Seoul and Yang Jie from Tokyo, shows how South Korea stopped the illegal transfer to China of entire  computer chip factory setup information of Samsung by a South Korean engineer in Singapore. This shows president Biden has accomplished what no other president has been able to do in the last 40 years. Biden brought Japan and South Korea together reminding them that their differences over wartime occupation can be overcome, leading to the US, Japan and South Korea forming  close cooperation in 2023. After all it was the US that helped setup the democratic framework in the two Asian neighbors after 1945. This story shows how the problem of South Korean and Japanese technologies illegally transferred is being tackled by both countries in 2023. This is part of overall cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region that includes India and Australia, for an open Indo-Pacific region based on the rule of law. ...

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Robert Stavins of the environmental economics program at Harvard is cited in this NYT article by Coral Davenport. Stavin says that even with the change in policy favoring fossil under Trump administration the trend is towards using less fossil fuel and this trend is unlikely to change. This makes the claims of Trump that half a million jobs can be created with less regulation of the coal industry and shale oil industry, less likely. Industry is shifting away from coal for economic reasons and investors preferences, say experts. At the same time the progress away from fossil fuels is likely to be inadequate to avoid the worst effects of global warming, says Stavins. The change by industry is reflected in the decisions made by executives such as Nicholas Akins at American Electric Power, Ohio based electric power company. Akins tells NYT that he is making decisions for power generation 20, 30 and 40 years from now, and this assumes some form of carbon control. He says no question but that industry will move forward with cleaner energy and that means closing large coal facilities. The incoming Trump administration does not affect his policy. Another factor away from coal is dictated by economics- the availability of cheap natural gas from hydraulic fracturing. Incentives for renewable sources such as wind, solar, are not likely to change either say experts, because the solar panels and wind turbines are made in Republican and Democratic favoring districts and have support of Republicans in places like Arizona, Texas and Kansas. ...

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PM Narendra Modi addressed a World Bank organized "Making it Personal: How behavioural change can tackle climate change" conference. Modi called it part of democratising the battle against climate change. "Simple acts in daily lives are powerful, there will be a very positive impact on the environment. The people of India have done a lot in this matter in the last few years." "People driven efforts improved the sex ratio in many parts of India. It was the people who led a massive cleanliness drive. Be it rivers, beaches or roads, they are ensuring public places are free of litter. And it was the people who made the switch to LED bulbs a success. Nearly 370 million LED bulbs have been sold in India. This helps in avoiding 39 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions every year." The Mission Life Modi introduced with the Secretary General of the United Nations has achieved much in India- "The farmers of India ensured the coverage of nearly seven hundred thousand hectares of farmland by micro-irrigation. Fulfilling the mantra of 'Per Drop More Crop', this has saved a huge amount of water. Under Mission Life our efforts are spread across many domains such as: Making local bodies environment-friendly, saving water, saving energy, reducing waste, and e-waste, adopting healthy lifestyles, adoption of natural farming, promotion of millets." ...

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Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack of Iowa is one of the key people pushing for reviving Rural America. He has served as Agricultrue Secretary under a previous Democratic administration but lacked the resources for programs to keep young, aspiring and new would be farmers attracted to rural America and to farming. He sees the loss of 544,000 farms including small family farms in America since 1981 as a loss for rural America. He is now in a position to make a difference with $60 billion in funding in the Inflation Reduction Act. A former two term governor of Iowa 1999-2007 he is familiar with rural conditions in America's heartland and in agricultural states from Wisconsin and Minnesota to Nebraska and Colorado, from North and South Dakota to Missouri. Vilsack who has the ear of president Joe Biden says the loss of small farms has weakened rural America and wants to stop the bleeding. Lydia Phillips of NYT shows how billions of dollars of spending is now targeted at helping small farms plant a variety of crops that have more cash value than soyabeans and getting these to the market. A lot of the $60 billion goes to large farms for conservation and renewable energy. Vilsack is working hard to make it work for small farms and people in rural America, including generating many sources of income that includes money for renewable energy generated on small farms. ...

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Emmanuel Macron graduated from Sciences Po University in 2004 with a degree in public affairs. He joins the Finance Ministry as an inspector and then buys himself out of government service contract by 2008 to join a private bank. He arranges an acquisition from Nestle and other business deals during this period. In 2012 he is appointed as deputy secretary general for the president's office after Francois Hollande a socialist is elected to the presidency. In 2014 he is offered the position of Minister of Industry and Digital Affairs in the second Manuel Valls government. He makes some changes to French government but opposes the wealth tax or tax on business, and is generally pro-business, though he acts as a member of the Socialist party.  He uses this period to build momentum for his own run for the presidency as support for Hollande falters having lost support from his working class base with Macron and Valls inspired changes.  Macron finally announces he will run for the presidency forming his own En Marche movement which he finances with his own fund raising. Throughout this period right up to the election in 2017 Macron has not run for public office. When he wins the presidency in that year he lacks the experience needed as the youngest president in French history at the age of 39. Like another young president Obama he handles his public image with the media for his En Marche movement promising to unblock France. This public image and his lack of experience makes him impervious to the social changes going on in France that lead to the yellow vest protests in 2018. This is a period when there are changes in the midwest as workers in Michigan and other midwestern states turn away from Hillary Clinton and Obama.  French workers are in the position of workers in the US with the decline of manufacturing, much of it shifted with the supply chain to China and Japan, and the gap opening between rural and urban tech educated areas. Macron follows Obama's quick rise from Senator to run for president yet lacks experience, and lacks sufficient grasp of the social changes with loss of manufacturing, the wide gaps between rural and urban tech educated people, conditions in the rural and farming areas. Macron survives this period, is reelected in 2022 with the help of socialist Melenchon voters. He says he will govern differently, less distant from average Frenchmen, but his instincts are to push for pension reform. At a time of cost of living crisis, and when the French budget office says the change in pension from 62 to 64 was not critical at the present time when inflation was hitting the public after the pandemic. Macron does this by Article 49 in the way he has done under the Manuel Valls government, by executive action alone. This time he faces a no confidence motion in parliament in March 2023 following some of the largest protests France has seen in years, with two thirds of the French according to FR24 opposing the change in pension law. Women see this as coming at a time when age discrimination hurts their chances of earning a living after 50 years of age.  Age discrimination is widespread in France, in a way it is not in Germany, say reports in the NYT. And with the cost of living crisis acts as a major hurdle for the average French person, if pensions are delayed without addressing these cultural issues in France. The result is that the protests have substance and Macron is seen as not sensitive to this at a time when he lacks a majority in parliament. ...

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The US oil embargo in 2022 is not a big decision for president Biden. The US only imports 3% of its oil and 1% of its coal from combatant nations in Europe's east. 70% of the oil from that region cannot find buyers because of sanctions risk says the WSJ. This WSJ view from the Editorial Board says Biden's policy of not boosting US fossil fuels production is contrary to what makes sense in the current situation of high oil prices. Seen from the point of view of US commitments at COP26 Glasgow and global warming effects on the planet, president Biden's commitment to boost renewable energy and use this as an opportunity to make the US less dependent on fossil fuels presents an alternate perspective. One that is needed looking beyond the situation that is faced in 2022.

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The new prime minister of Japan Yoshihide Suga is critical of the three phone carriers forming an oligopoly and keeping prices for mobile phone service in Japan very high. Another criticism is that Japan has failed to compete in phone technologies by staying out of world markets that would improve its competitive spirit. Japan has failed to keep up with China and other countries in mobile technologies. 

As part of the first step to change this and make NTT competitive by entering world markets, NTT is paying a 41% premium on the part of NTT Docomo that it does not own in a $40 billion deal. NTT chief Sawada sees this as a way to speed up decision making, as he sees a crisis in Japan's struggle to compete with China and the U.S. in world markets.