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The issues related to India's borders all hinge on Tibet says the Council on Foreign Relations. Sardar Patel and Nehru had differences of their own on whether the McMahon Line set by the British in a treaty with Tibet as an independent country was the border with Tibet or the border with China.  Between 1913 and 1950 Tibet was an independent country, with an Indian High commissioner in Lhasa between 1947 and 1950. After the Cold War set in and China and the Soviet Union fought to defend the rights of colonial peoples the U.S. and Britain did not recognize Tibet as a part of China. Nehru simply remained with the British status quo of the McMahon line as the Indian border with Tibet, without any clear acceptance  of the invasion of Tibet in 1950 by China, yet accepting the new status quo after the invasion, differing from Sardar Patel on the issue. This is why no clear picture emerges from looking at the official positions of the two countries, and a better understanding can be gained by looking at the border issue from the Council of Foreign Relations in the U.S.   Essentially the border issue is not beneficial for what it gives back to each of the two countries. China sees itself rejecting the period of its weakness during the Japanese invasion so that it reasserts its position to borders that stretch outside where Chinese people live. India sees itself rejecting the weakness during the British period and the early post British period during which India was occupied with the issues relating to partition of British India and the partition of Kashmir. This is why the Council on Foreign Relations can provide a better understanding from and independent perspective.  Both sides have little to gain. China by being at the Tibetan border puts itself in a position where it has little to gain being on the border with a large rapidly industrializing country with a population of over 1 billion.  At over 4000 metres or 20,000 feet the territory and landscape is not one that humans can adapt too in any way, except for a few military personnel doing their term of duty of 6-12 months from India or China. China is even further away from the border as it is a remote border from Beijing, Shanghai, Canton or Chengdu, thousands of kilometres when it is just 8 hours from Srinagar by highway to Leh, Ladakh, and the Nepalese border very close to the Bihar state in India. The very distance suggests remoteness, with customs traditions in the region very different from that in China, suggesting very little connection between Beijing near Mongolia and Tibet or Ladakh very close to India by road or rail. To get some idea how close the Tibet border is to India consider that Rasuwagadhi Fort border point between Nepal and Tibet is only 127 miles by road from Kathmandu. The distance by rail from the Indian border in Bihar to the Nepalese border is only 34 kilometres with a new upgraded rail connection. Being this close India is likely to upgrade infrastructure throughout the northeast region as it upgrades infrastructure, roads and bridges and rail throughout India at an accelerated pace for economic development.     ...

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Vice President Harris speaks at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, about a fundamentally different economic vision for the country- one for the Middle Class and the other for the wealthiest in the country. "For Trump our economy works the best if it works for the people who own the skyscraper, not those who build the skyscrapers, those who wire them, the people who mop the floors." "I have pledged that a strong middle class will be the defining goal of my presidency. It is not about ideology, it is about common sense. It is just common sense." "Like generations before us let us be inspired by what came before us. I believe in what FDR called "bold persistent experimentation." "I believe in free and fair markets- in transparent rules of the road. To respect the rights of unions, and workers, and fair competition. And where this is violated I will hold them accountable. I believe the active partnership between the government and the private sector is the best way to unlock the opportunities in our Economy." ...

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The pandemic and the lockdowns resulted in a sudden surge in demand in 2020 and 2021 for home delivery of goods by Amazon. Amazon expanded rapidly during this period. Now in 2022 Andy Jassy the new Amazon CEO is cutting back warehouse capacity and finding ways to reduce Amazon's size as buyers are cutting back now that the economy is getting back to some normalcy. Inventories are piling up for retailers Target and Walmart. During the pandemic Bezos set up hundreds of new warehouses and sorting centers, and employees doubled to 1.6 million from March 2020 to March of 2022. As instore buying came back and Amazon projections of long term demand turned to be too high Andy Jassy the new CEO is working on cutting back. Amazon says this extra capacity will mean $10 billion in extra costs in the first 6 months of 2022. Its stock lost about one third of its value under Andy Jassy's first year as CEO. Jassy and his team are working to sublease about 10 million square feet of excess warehouse space and renegotiate warehouse contracts. Dana Mattiolo looks at how Mr. Jassy tackled the new job of online retail with his obsession for detail, learning the new business from scratch. He was previously head of the cloud business at Amazon which generated three fourths of the profit of Amazon. Jassy says Amazon always chose the higher end of the numbers generated by its forecasting tool SCOT that showed how much warehouse and handling capacity was needed. SCOT tool generated high medium and low figures of what the demand would be and what resources were needed to tackle it. The policy of Bezos who ran the operations and delved into details during the pandemic was to not constrain sellers and buyers during the pandemic. Though not mentioned here this was a decision of Bezos that helped America tackle the pandemic in an effective way. And could be seen as a courageous move by Bezos of ignoring the risks and doing the right thing for America and the American people. It is now left to Jassy to figure out how to take corrective action but the basic policy of Bezos was done with the right intentions towards America during a period of serious danger of the pandemic when over a million lives have already been lost. ...

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Michio Suzuki of Hammamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan, comes across as a rare figure in Japan's industrial history as one who spanned the entire period of Japan's rise as industrial power running a major textile and automobile company from 1909 when he founded Suzuki to 1978. Starting with manufacture of textile looms Suzuki saw the potential of motorized transportation in the 1920's. After the war it shifted from wartime production to introduce the first e-bike Power Free in 1952. He was succeeded by his son in law Osamu Suzuki who became another icon in automobiles by running Suzuki from 1978 to 2021 for 43 years. Between the two Michio and Osamu it spans a period 1909-2022 of 113 years, the period of the Industrial Revolution in Europe and Asia. In 1979 Osamu introduced the car for small spaces, the Alto, that is one of the most sold cars. In 1980 Osamu started the partnership of Suzuki with Maruti of India, that brought the Alto to Indian streets changing the industrial landscape of India. Here he is shown with PM Modi in 2022 celebrating 40 years of Maruti partnership with Suzuki. The writer remembers Maruti Suzuki from visits in the 1990's with higher management of the company in India on TQM education project.  ...

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The Russian economy had GDP decline of 2% and was relatively not affected by the shutoff of imports of oil and gas from Europe in 2022. Gas exports to Europe began declining in the summer. The EU ban on seaborne oil from Russia and price cap went into effect in December 2022. Russia made a huge stimulus of 4% of GDP in 2022. The result is that only now in 2023 is the full impact being felt on the Russian economy.  WSJ reports that in January and February Russian exports of oil and gas revenue which makeup half of the budget fell by 46% year over year, while state spending jumped 50%. Analysts estimate that it would take a price of $100 for Russia to balance its books. Yet the Group of Seven price cap on Russian oil has brought it down to $50- the price the Ministry of Finance says Urals crude sold in February. This is a deep discount to the $80 price of Brent Crude, the US benchmark.  A bigger problem is the downward trajectory the Russian economy faces in future years. Worker shortages are severe for industry and a shift to wartime production does not add to productivity or productive capacity. The cut off from access to western technology and western financial markets will have a severe impact in the productive capacity for the economy, for oil and industrial production in the years to 2030. Russia needed to protect against the gradual shift away from fossil fuels to fight climate change by shifting the economy in a new direction using its access to western technologies not just China's technologies. Instead it now finds itself in a period of 1 year in 2022 when oil revenues surged with prices jumping from the war, and then a steady slump in all the inputs of development- supply of labor, capital and technology declining rapidly after 2023 as the costs of the Ukraine invasion are absorbed into the economy. As this report points out it is the social contract that similar to China's social contract of growth and improvement in standards of living that led to people having a large measure of confidence in the government. It was not fully grasped but it was the access to American and European Union plus Japanese technology, manufacturing, capital and markets that made this possible. With this absent the situation changes to put Russia, and China to a lesser extent as long as it trades with the west, on a different trajectory.  ...

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German chancellor Merz says the old order is unraveling. He says -

"We have entered an era of great power politics," Merz said. "The new world of the great powers is founded upon power, strength and when necessary, force. It is not a cozy place."    

The German chancellor says Russia's invasion on Ukraine is the beginning of a "new era, but change runs much deeper."

"China, with strategic foresight, has worked its way into the ranks of the great powers," Merz says. He said Washington is reacting to these challenges from these other "great powers" by radically reshaping its foreign and security policy."

"Europe [and its] like-minded partners must stand closer together. European countries must do more to make their economies competitive and to invest massively in our ability to defend ourselves."

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This WSJ report on Elon Musk of Tesla shows him neglecting a healthy lifestyle and not paying enough attention to needed sleep and nutrition. Since taking over Twitter the 51 year old Musk is working even longer hours from 80 hours to 120 hours a week, says this WSJ report. This type of hectic lifestyle is not productive in the quality of work and comes with a personal cost to health. Musk's acquisition of Twitter acts as a serious distraction from running electric car maker Tesla.

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In the first quarter of 2011 consumer demand for gold in China increased by 47% over the prior year quarter to 233 tons, according to the World Gold Council's data. Most of this is for jewelry accounting for 64% in 2010, with gold bar demand increasing as an hedge against inflation. Orlik points out that if inflation decreases from the existing level of 5.3%, and with the increase in wealth management products from Chinese banks, the demand for gold may not be sustained as it offers no return. He says urban resident demand may have reached its peak and there is not much demand from the rural population. Central bank purchases to shift a small part of foreign exchange reserves to gold is the only other factor for a push up in gold prices.

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The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq by one estimate have already cost 1 trillion dollars. By comparison World War II cost 4 trillion dollars in inflation adjusted dollars. The figures are from the Congressional Research Service, and show the pressures to control spending. The reason that civil society is not very disturbed even as these wars cost so much, is that so far these costs in 2008 for example were 1.2% of GDP, creating the danger that these wars can be carried out by a political leadership without the nation feeling the strains of the war. This may change with higher unemployment, and the feeling that not much is gained, that this money can be used in better ways to rebuild the US economy and infrastructure.

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Latest data from the U.S. Treasury shows it has collected $63 billion in tariffs over the preceding 12 months. Even though there is no agreement on trade with China, president Trump says the U.S. is benefitting from higher tariffs by tens of billions of dollars. In May he estimated tariff revenues could reach $100 billion.This report in the WSJ says this could happen if the the new tariffs of 10% on additional $300 Chinese goods imported to U.S. goes into effect on September 1. This is likely considering that China sees this in different terms than the U.S. such as its sovereignty, whereas the U.S. sees it simply in terms of fair trade. With new elections China may be simply putting things off till the election is decided as Mr. Trump has pointed out. The tally of what the U.S. Treasury gets annually if $100 billion is generated in tariffs goes something like this. Of this $30 billion was generated previously for the U.S. government, so the incremental amount is $70 billion. Of this about $16 billion goes to offset the effect of loss of farm exports to farmers, mainly soyabeans exports to China, through a rescue fund. This leaves additional $54 billion for the U.S. Treasury. Money that could conceivably be put back into infrastructure that the U.S. badly needs in mobile and fixed to improve internet speeds and move up from its low rankings compared to China and other countries. A WSJ report this week shows Germany in worse shape than the U.S., both countries having dismal status in mobile infrastructure- the U.S. at No. 37, and Australia No. 4, Canada No. 3, and even Croatia No. 9. This throws some light on why this trade dispute has become intractable, for China the right of a sovereign nation to move past middle income status even as its telecom technology with Huawei 5G is top class, and for the U.S. the right not to fall behind in advanced technologies such as Telecom. It is also why one hears so much about Huawei and why it has become a flashpoint of the conflict in trade and trade practices. It is thought Mr. Trump is conducting this trade dispute. Yet less known is the fact that prominent Republicans in Congress such as Senator Warner have stated on television talk shows that they are concerned Mr. Trump may give up too much in negotiations that lead to the U.S. not being able to compete in telecom advanced technologies that matter for competitiveness and for national security. What was treated by Bush and Obama administrations routinely without much attention to the consequences is now a top concern for Republicans and others in Congress and business. ...

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Quiet quitting has become a phrase that means workers are working hard and doing things the way they did before, except that they are not letting a work culture that may have gone astray because of bosses  who set the wrong rules guide their lives. Even as companies such as Stellantis are taking on a new culture because of a new respect for workers work-life balance and getting a lot more from them, other companies are following older set patterns that did not include work-life balance or rejected work-life balance outright without saying this openly. Stellantis, Europe's largest car company itself shows why this is dependent on who is the CEO and what he believes in. The previous CEO had poor health habits including frequent smoking and irregular long hours without a structure of any sort that led to this being carried over into the work culture. The CEO changes and new rules are set and soon it permeates who is hired at different levels that are consistent with his habits and sense of work life balance. A new culture develops over time and gradually you have new work ethic that respects the mental health and fitness of workers and of managers, and that of the CEO. This report in WSJ starts with the premise that workers should'nt feel bad because worker are "quiet quitting" anyway after the pandemic. But in reality the statement is a bad one, as it does not say there are better models out there few as they are, that need to take pre-eminent place after the pandemic rejecting the old ones that recklessly ignored health and mental health and were less motivating for workers, and leading to less productive culture in the workplace. At Stellantis a lot gets done in regular hours so that the time after 5 or 6 pm is devoted to workers getting into exercize taking a bike ride, doing things that revitalize and build a healthy body and mind so essential for productive and good thinking type concentration in work. Emails over weekends need not be replied till Monday, and bringing up work during the weekend is discouraged. And still a lot gets done, the company will take the leading role in EV vehicles in Europe and has aggressive plans for 2030 for new EV models. See the link to Stellantis to see how this new CEO runs a company of about 100,000 employees around the world. His name is Carlos Tavares and he took charge of Fiat, Peugeot, Chrysler combined operations called Stellantis in January 2021. This is important as it is the new trend that will take hold of the work culture after the pandemic only if workers and managers ask that it be so and as the word spreads that better more productive companies that can get a lot more done is the result of such an educated workplace that respects health and mental health, and the dignity of workers and families. Look, how can it not be so when the word still has to be spread on climate change in the business world? How can one take place without the other? There is a new sense of dignity in respecting the dignity of the environment, of water, soil, and air, how not so for the mind, the body and its connection to nature around it? And no better place than Stellantis and its CEO Carlos Tavares where the old CEO ran himself down with poor work and health habits and passed away while at work in 2018, to show a new way.  In Germany this new way of work-life balance based work culture is called by a more respectful term "Feierabend" than "quiet quitting" showing that what is wrong is with the work culture and bosses who do not grasp the importance of health, mental health, and what it means to be revitalized for truly productive and thoughtful work. Quiet quitting has that sense of workers having to feel a bit of guilt about this and still thinking it is right  doing it anyway. In Germany"feierabend" is popular and accepted, it means breaking away from work at normal times such as 5 pm or 6 pm when a workday ends so that one can go out and relax with a bike ride  or something that is good for health and fitness and rejuvenates. No email, no nothing so the mind can rest and revitalize. ...

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 Simon Nixon points out in The Times of London that the government of British prime minister Theresa May is locked into a confrontation with the European Union in negotiations in the summer of 2018 for even the soft Brexit options she has put forward. This could lead to a cross party majority and a new government, a new prime minister, with passions going up in Britain, with no clear way on the issue of Britain's future relationship with the European Union.

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Thomas Frank writing about the public outrage about executive compensation quotes Bill Black, a Professor of economics and law at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, who makes an important point. Beyond the size of this compensation there was something else happening that was perverse in its design and in its effects. Black says that at each point in the development of the disaster of mortgage securitization, it was the pay for performance systems that sent the wrong signals to loan officers, real estate appraisers, accountants, and bond rating agencies. The compensation or reward systems actually encouraged wrong, unethical and ultimately disastrous behaviours for the companies and the economy. Another way to look at it, the way it happened on Wall Street- especially at Merrill Lynch and some other financial institutions- the bonuses and other compensation was a way for executives to recklessly milk (loot is the other word) the companies for all they could yield regardless of the results afterwards. And as Black says, to do this through normal corporate mechanisms. A whole range of behaviours of this type took place in the final years of the boom. See other articles by Thomas Frank. ...

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Aldi store name comes from the store name Albrecht's Discount for stores opened by 1961 in Germany by the Albrecht brothers. The brothers worked at their mother's grocery store in Essen Germany, following their father's disability and not being able to work in the mines. After serving in the war the two brothers expanded the small family grocery store into a chain of about 15 stores. By 1955 this chain had expanded to about 100 stores, and in 1961 the chain took on the Aldi name. The brothers separated their business in later years with Karl taking on the Aldi Sud stores in southern Germany and expanding into UK, Australia and the U.S. Theo, the younger brother, ran the Aldi Nord stores in northern Germany, of what was then West Germany. Aldi Nord expanded in Europe and acquired Trader's Joe in 1979. The two brothers agreed to stay out of each others territory in this unique arrangement. The Albrechts felt strongly in the post war conditions in Germany that "customers with very limited income should be able to eat and drink quality food," according to a statement by Aldi Sud. Karl Albrecht saw this as his calling- to find creative ways to do this. One way was to get rid of other unnecessary expenses such as display and advertising that could be passed on as savings to customers. In this sense Aldi laid the ground for American retailer Wal-Mart. By 1955 Aldi had 100 stores in West Germany. Expansion thereafter made Aldi a household name in most parts of Europe and the U.S. Karl and Theo remained reclusive throughout their life, more so after Theo's kidnapping in Essen in 1971 for a ransom of 7 million deutsche marks. Karl operated the Aldi Sud stores till he was 75 and passed away in 2014 at the age of 94. Ikea founder from Sweden also has a similiar history in being very private, frugal, and living in a small town in Switzerland, providing direction to the company well past his eightieth year. He pioneered the concept of well designed quality furniture at affordable prices that passes on savings to customers. The same concept and vision inspired Ikea founder- that people of average means and younger families starting a home, should be able to afford furniture quality and design in their homes....

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The $2.3 billion pounds (2.6 billion euros) the UK paid to the EU for not collecting legitimate customs duties for imports from China, could finance a UK travel pass like the popular 9 euro travel pass in Germany. That 9 euro pass was a sixth of the cost to travel in Berlin, one way the German government helped people face the cost of living crisis. It cost the German government 2.5 billion euros. One more missed opportunity in Britain by the Tory government to help people with the cost of living crisis. The UK gets hit first with a loss of the customs duties revenue that would have been collected as well as any penalties for fraud from importers. Add to this the $2.3 billion pounds in settlement with the European Union for not collecting legitimate customs duties from imported textiles and shoes into Britain from China. Blunders and missed opportunities to help people  with cost of living crisis is a mark of the Conservative government in Britain. The Guardian reports that the case goes back to 2017 when the EU anti-fraud office said British authorites had allowed criminals to evade customs duties by making false claims about imports of clothes and shoes from China. It says that the EU found over half of all textiles and footwear imported from China were below the lowest acceptable prices.  ...

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Why is Microsoft so concerned about Google's dominance in the search ad market? Microsoft could face a shrinking price of its Office suite of products which are installed not downloaded, as the whole industry shifts to downloaded software which is available either free or for a modest price with the software companies making money on advertising. Its entire model of extracting premium price on its software products which are installed on new computers or sold through stores is at risk as customers shift to the easily dowloadable software for things that Microsoft software now performs and as these software get better and more sophisticated. As it sees no way to penetrate search ad markets it is focussing on display ad markets. But experts do not see Microsoft having a good chance in the display market as both Yahoo and Google are also competing in this space vigorously. Meanwhile Microsoft stock which was about $54 in 2000 when Ballmer took charge is now stuck at $29 and has not done well throughout this period....

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The problems in the commercial real estate bad loans that make it too hard for the government to rescue. An adjustment here could slow the economy in the years ahead and expose banks to big losses in the $3.4 trillion outstanding commercial real estate debt. Big banks benefitted from the gvernmet TARP program, and after the stress tests raised funds. But big banks held only 29% of the $1.84 trillion commercial real estate debt on bank balance sheets in the 2nd quarter of 2009, according to Foresight Analytics. Smaller banks with $1 billion to $10 billion of assets had $450 billion in commercial real estate exposure in the second quarter equivalent to 330% of Tier 1 capital. For the largest banks that ratio was much less at 99%, according to Foresight. And the smaller banks did not get stresstested the way the larger banks did and so wer not able to raise enough equity. Governmet plans to deal with this coming crisis are to hopwe that real estae prices recover. a recovery of 10% could cut those loans underwater to 37% from 68%. And regulators issued guidelines to encourage banks to restructure, not foreclose on problem commercial mortgages. But even if prices rise banks would want to pare exposure not refinance these loans. Meanwhile the $700 billin market in bonds backed by commercial real estate loans is moribund....

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What a shock to know the city that lost its soul, and is described in Luke Bergmann's "Getting Ghost," with no jobs or hope for black teenagers ,neither in the public schools or in jobs where they can be productive. With the streets ridden with drug dealers and violence. Arab Americans run the small businesses, and what little businesses there were dimmed with the 1967 riots. And yet in the post war period right up to the recent years, Detroit was the center of the automobile industry, with its huge number of jobs in assembly plants and in auto supplier plants. That such two worlds could coexist together side by side, is itself as shocking to an outsider as the earlier story of black people in America. Drop out rates for black male teenagers at 75% before graduating in the Detroit public school system. And unemployment rates for black male teenagers approaching 30-40% in the city according to some reports. And with the situation the way it is, the country enters a period of great economic difficulty with unemployment growing in the Detroit area....

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The pandemic has affected Brazil, and Peru, Ecuador, the worst in Latin America. Countries where there was a lack of funding for public health and no consensus on how to tackle the crisis such as Brazil have done worse. Brazil has 11 deaths per 100,000 people compared to just 1.0 for Argentina. Chile with a political crisis and months of protests has no consensus in the country. It has done worse with 4 deaths per thousand and 95% of intensive care beds in the country taken, leaving hospitals overburdened and in stressful conditions. 

In Argentina the lockdown has been extended till June 7 and there appears to be a consensus on the government's approach to the crisis. Mexico under president Obrador decided to reopen earlier and now faces more coronavirus cases. Reopening the economy so that people in the informal economy could provide for their families was a priority for president Obrador. 

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Exceptional reporting in the Washington Post on the meddling in the U.S. election by Russia and president Putin. This report provides some inside details on how the issue was handled by Trump during the period before and after the election based on 50 interviews with Trump connected officials. According to the report Trump treated any thought that he was elected by factors other than his charisma and personality as an affront. When confronted with evidence from intelligence reports by U.S. spy chiefs on Jan. 6 at Trump Tower, Trump railed at the idea that he could not have won the election without outside help. Trump's larger than life personality made him take on the challenge of winning the president from outside with unconventional tactics. Here the same larger than life personality and ego conflicts with the effort of Republican advisers who sought to put the Russian issue behind them by accepting the findings of the intelligence community.

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China has used the quarantine and strict measures to contain the coronavirus. After being taken by surprise in the way the coronavirus developed in Wuhan region China shifted to large scale containment and quarantine. To do this China used technology, mobile carrier information, volunteers going from door to door and enforced quarantine action. Other countries in Europe, including Italy, are adopting measures such as quarantine and appeals to the public for cooperative behaviours.

The entire approach is new yet shows how government and citizens can work together to contain epidemics of this kind in the modern world of urbanized areas and close contact in subways, streets, and stadiums. The approach in democratic countries may vary from China yet essentially strong bold action has proved to be the way to go, not vacillating and acting one step at a time till things are out of control. 

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The efforts of Senator Kyl to get committments of $4.1 billion in missile defense and nuclear warhead modernization from the Obama administration. This WSJ editorial sees the New START treaty with Russia as a footnote to the Cold War years, which does not confront the real world of today with nuclear proliferation to Iran, N. Korea and other states. It says this dangerous world requires not the largely irrelevant efforts of New Start, but more serious antiproliferation strategies and efforts. And anti-proliferation efforts that work, not the kind of effort that failed such as the 1994 Agreed Framework with North Korea.

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Mr. Whitacre drives an old Chevy Suburban, and teaches business at San Antonio Lutheran University. He was an industrial engineering student at Texas Tech University in 1963 when he joined Southwestern Bell. Steve Rattner and Whitacre share amedia and telecommunications background. Says Austin Ligon, retired CEO of CarMax Inc. "Whitacre will have an open mind and no embedded committment to existing GM strategy or management." Ligon was a longtime critic of the way the previous board, under board leader Fisher, simply rubberstamped GM chairman and CEO Wagoner's work.

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Russia uses SCO or Shanghai Cooperation Organization to present it's case on Ukraine saying a coup supported by the US and Europe was the root cause of the crisis, in other words an effort to turn a Russian language country against Russia with it's effort to delink from Russia and join the European Union. US seeing China as the main competitor is trying under a Republican administration to bring Russia back into the European and US fold. The Europeans Germany and France, UK under Macron, Starmer and Merz are pushing back and see it primarily from the Northern European perspective of a Russian threat as they have over centuries of rivalry in Europe since 1600. China sees Germany and German led EU as its main source of western technology, trade and capital needed for a state run capitalism to function effectively. Germany seeks to keep it's China relations on a even keel for its economic interests, so does China. In this situation it can be surmised that it is the Europeans that asked DJT to sanction India for buying Russian oil to cut Russian source of oil resource sales by $119 billion leaving China's $136 billion purchase of oil from Russia aside (knowing China would not cancel sales easily), to buy time till Germany can build up arms supply to Ukraine. India is buying time to make a gradual shift to stand with the US and the improved US-Russia relations under the Republicans can only help India gradually shift to where it always stands- with the English speaking people of the world, the US and Britain, a policy Gandhi firmly supported and which India as an ancient civilization of the Buddha and the Bhagavad Gita finds itself at home with.   ...

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How is the push by Toyota to hybrids making up 50% of its cars- including shift of RAV4 and Camry entirely to hybrid cars- affecting revival of US manufacturing and advanced technologies for electrification of cars? Toyota will invest $14 billion in a battery plant site in North Carolina, at a site located between Greensboro and Raleigh.The plant will make batteries for EV's and hybrids so that Toyota can respond to market demand and regulatory changes. This North Carolina plant will supply factories assembling cars, hybrids, plug ins that travel short distances before switching to gas. Hybrids including plug in hybrids make about 15% of US sales, a sector Toyota dominates. How does it affect tariffs risk? Currently Toyota plays a 15% tariff to import plug-in hybrids. The North Carolina plant will build capacity for batteries to put in 74,000 plug in cars, 45,000 EV's, 600,000 hybrid cars. How will it fight climate change? Toyota has always believed that hybrids with twice the mileage of gas cars are a good way to fight climate change, even when EV's were the rage in the days of the Biden administration. Hybrid Camry at $25,000 and RAV4 at $29,000 give 51 and 41 mpg. This strategy is now turning out to be the right one because of cost of living concerns balancing climate change concerns as priorities. It was alone in this view and took a lot of criticism for this. Now that rare earth metals that are hard to access from China are needed for EV's it is proving doubly right- giving Toyota the opportunity to double down on hybrids and also move into EV's with short range distances using gas after that. Future design of cities that are self sustaining in smaller distances, eliminating long commutes, could make this an interesting option, a style of living being tried out in Nordic countries and in Germany, France. With India and China burning coal and investing in renewables at the same time this was overlooked by the climate change planners in US and EU- the solution being natural gas and renewables including hybrids for the US and EU/ Japan advanced nations.   ...