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Unemployment rate in urban areas of India decrease for the fourth consecutive quarter to 7.6% in the April to June quarter of 2022. It is now lower than the pre-pandemic level. Employment growth continued in July and August, as shown in the Global Purchasing Managers Indices for the Manufacturing and Services sectors. The Finance Ministry say what is at work are the reflection of "increasing effectiveness of income support and targeted subsidies provided by the government, creation of jobs from elevated levels of public sector capital expenditures, and general rise in employment levels." Added to this are the foreign direct investment flows being the fifth largest among a "defined set of developed and developing economies," and the increase in exports.