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Changes in former French colonies in North Africa including Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia with the increasing use of English in schools and colleges alongside French and local languages is shown here in FR24.

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This report in the BBC on the nuclear threat in the Ukraine war looks at the subject of nuclear conflict and what this means. It points out that China has no first use nuclear doctrine and Russia being dependent on China's support in the Ukraine conflict as a deterrent. It also sees the inner circle of a Russian and American president internally in conflict over nuclear weapons use in any situation.

The occasion of the discussion in the US and Europe on this issue and internally in other countries including China and India this week show the need for a complete rethinking of where we are and how we have come here. Much of the world- billions of people in Asia and Latin America, Africa, North America has little to do with the conflict in one small part of the world- which makes such talk irresponsible and reckless behaviour. 

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This report in The Guardian looks at Putin's and Biden's remarks on a nuclear threat.

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The nuclear threat in the war in Ukraine is the subject of this report in The Guardian.

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With the strong jobs growth report in September the US Federal Reserve, America's central bank, is expected to increase interest rates by 0.75% at its meeting on Nov. 1-2. That will be the fourth interest rate increase in 4 consecutive meetings of the Fed. It is designed to tackle inflation yet it also reverses the period of low interest rates for savers that extended from 2000 to 2020. This period covered two crises one created by irresponsible behaviour of banks in the financial crisis of 2000 and the second a natural health disaster from the pandemic when interest rates were brought down to zero as a policy response. During that period savers who suffered decline in savings with little interest income and lower income groups were hit by both the financial crises, employment gaps that hurt income and savings, and the shift of jobs overseas as jobs were shifted to China and American manufacturing declined. Economic policy was determined in that period by economists who failed to grasp the dangers to American manufacturing, to American communities with loss of jobs from offshoring, rising inequality that fragmented society.   This has changed under the Fed run by Mr. Powell first appointed by Mr. Trump and now renominated by Mr. Trump, who is not an economist and brings a very different mindset to central banking, going with common sense about what works for average Americans. a sense of humility, and down to earth about American workers and American manufacturing and its place in America. ...

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With continued job growth the US Fed is planning to continue its sequential interest rate increases. The Fed raised interest rates 0.75% at each of the last 3 Fed meetings and a fourth 0.75 rate increase is expected when it meets on November 1-2, 2022. This is the most rapid rate of increases since the 1980's and it is designed to bring inflation under control.

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Oil cuts of 2 million barrels a day or 2% of global oil production by OPEC Plus will lead to oil prices surging back up to levels seen earlier this year.  Weakening of oil demand with a slowdown in China and the EU was leading to a drop in oil prices from the highs reached this year. OPEC Plus which includes Russia is taking this step to keep oil prices high. 

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Global trade flows should slow from 9% increase in 2021 to 3.5% in 2022 as the economies of EU, US and China slowdown, according to the World Trade Organization (WTO). This should also ease supply chain bottlenecks and inflationary price increases as demand declines across the EU, US, China and other countries.