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Kenneth Rogoff, Harvard University economist, author of the well researched book on the 2008 financial crisis, "This Time Is Different," gives his thoughts on the economic prospects for the U.S under the new Trump administration. He says 4% GDP growth and 3% inflation is possible temporarily for a while with stimulus policies, less regulation, and increased private investment. After 8 years of not investing in much needed infrastructure because of concerns about the deficit, the timing is right for such investments, especially as the economic effects of the crisis of 2008 gradually fade.  This is about taking advantage of ultra low interest rates to invest in infrastructure. He says it helps that Trump policies are pro-business. He sees drawbacks as the stimulus program adds a 25% increase with extra debt, adding $5 trillion over 10 years, but adds that for many years Nobel prize winning economist Krugman and others have said that there is good reason to increase borrowing to invest, and this is now being tried. Inflation remains an uncertainty- if there are large quantities of underutilized and unemployed resources it would raise prices less than its effect to increase output. The reverse would apply if the U.S. economy is closer to full capacity. One factor that would help- increasing confidence for business and increasing investment. Against this what he calls optimistic view or spin, is the idea of mistakes under a Trump administration, errors made and a degree of incompetence which he says is a real possibility. Overall his view is that some risks are appropriate now, and from his deep study of financial crises sees the slow growth of the last 8 years a result of a financial crisis that now begins to fade, creating the possibility of higher growth under prudent policies.  ...

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Professor Patterson of Harvard University has some serious observations on what has happened and what could be the way forward in America as it faces the lack of opportunities for a better life for minority communities trapped in cities with a deteriorating quality of life.  Between 1985 and 2000 a higher percentage of black children, about two thirds of black children, grew up in high poverty segregated areas than in the period between 1955 and 1970, according to a Pew Trust study of 2009. This affects everything from social mobility, life chances, potential for downward mobility. Particularly so because by 2016 the gap between black and white incomes has worsened, says professor Patterson. With this segregation has become worse in America at the level of neighborhoods where people actually meet, he says, citing a 2015 paper by Daniel Lichter of Cornell University.  In some ways segregation says Dr. Patterson is worse than in the 1960's. This could be because of downward social and economic mobility. Events such as the mortgage financial crisis of 2009 with bad decisions by the banking industry disproportionately hurt the black and minority communities. The trade imbalance and shift of manufacturing overseas hurt manufacturing jobs for white and black communities. Weakness in education and health services also hurt poorer communities of all races and color. In some ways the work of presidents Harry Truman and Lyndon Johnson in the 50's and 60's may have created more hope and a sense that "a rising tide lifts all boats" in economic opportunities that may have been lost in the work of presidents after Clinton with loss of jobs in manufacturing for ordinary black and white Americans alike. The bad decisions by the banking industry and selling of bad mortgages, worsening health care options with overpricing in the medical field, all compounding the effect on  ordinary Americans. In a separate interview in the Harvard Gazette professor Patterson says de-ghettoization, moving to the suburbs is one way to better opportuntiies in the suburbs. For this to happen more moderate income housing is needed in the suburbs. A cultural change in attitudes comes with a shift to neighborhoods where communities can interact and meet. For this to happen strict zoning laws that prevent moderate income housing in suburbs such as in California and many other states needs to change. As professor Orlando Patterson says here in the Harvard Gazette and in the WSJ more Americans with liberal views need to put their money where their voices are. A stronger economy, education for changes in cultural attitudes in classrooms, cultural literacy, more manufacturing in America to create better middle class wages and jobs for Americans of all communities giving industry a role, and more of the affluent putting their money where their voices are for better integrated living in the suburbs not just for a few, are ways to bring better life for Americans.   ...

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DY Chandrachud and his father CY Chandrachud will soon be the first father son combination of Supreme Court Chief Justices in Indian history. This has not happened in Britain or US. CY Chandrachud was Chief Justice of the SupremeCourt of India from 1978 to 1985. DY Chandrachud was part of a three member bench of the Indian Supreme Court that looked at The Modi government vaccination policy in April 2021 and gave a ruling that formed the basis of Mr. Modi's action for a new and broader vaccination policy that ensured access to the entire Indian population of 1.2 billion people.

This report in The Times of India describes the son's record following in the footsteps of his father. DY Chandrachud studied at St Stephens College Delhi, Delhi University Law, and Harvard for his Masters degree in Law. His experience includes heading the Uttar Pradesh High Court in Allahabad and holding legal positions in Mumbai.

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Jacobs and Richtel of the NYT give this exceptional story of how Mexico changed between 1980 and 2016. Following the joining of NAFTA free trade zone the Mexican diet and food ecosystem began to more closely resemble the food diet system in the U.S. bringing with it severe health consequences. Soda and coke are now more entrenched in Mexico, as are fast food outlets. In 1980 only 7% of Mexicans were obese, compared to 20% in 2016, according to Institute for Health Metrics at the University of Washington. And diabetes kills 80,000 people a year, becoming the top killer according to the World Health Organization. A trade expert at Tufts University, Timothy Wise, says Mexico took on the worst aspects of a first world country like the U.S., with few protections. A similar problem is taking place in India and China as obesity grows, according to the T.H. Chan School of Public Health at Harvard, as low nutrient highly processed foods of large food companies with huge advertising budgets take a prominent place in diets. This is a growing problem for countries from Colombia to Ghana and Nigeria. ...

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Leo Beranek's book Riding the Waves tells about how he got started in communications engineering, back in Solon Iowa in 1924 with his fathers new one vacuum radio receiver, his start at Harvard by coincidence, repairing a flat tire of a Harvard instructor driving through Iowa, and his research in electronic transmission of sound at Harvard and MIT, and work on electronic transmission of information which was the early work on the internet, to the founding of BBN Technologies.

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A former Goldman executive, and professor of management at Harvard Business School since 2006, Robert Kaplan, will succeed Richard Fisher as president of the Dallas Federal Reserve Bank.

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This objective look at the situation of Black Americans comes from a American -Jamaican. Educated in the West Indies and in Britain, Patterson is able to bring another perspective to look what has happened and what is the way forward. Here he is interviewed by the Harvard Gazette. Patterson is a professor of sociology at Harvard. A separate Saturday Essay by Orlando Patterson appears in the Wall Street Journal on June 6, 2020. Patterson points out that the big problem is de-ghettoization is not happening. Progress is not about integration first, it is about successful de-ghettoization taking place first, says Patterson.  And here he faults white liberals for not putting their money where their mouth is. For this to happen black families have to be able to move into suburbs. Strict zoning laws and limits to building moderately priced housing in some of the most liberal parts of the country keep out families wanting to move to the suburbs.  It is the social contact even side by side in suburbs with a leap in quality of housing and neighborhoods, schools, that can change people's own perceptions of themselves and their interactions with the communities around them. A lot of whites Patterson says have liberal views but when it comes down to making the concessions needed to make black lives better they are not willing to do that.   Patterson offers his own experience in Britain walking down a street in Cambridge. He lived on Trowbridge Street. He enjoyed walking through the Cambridge Rindge and Latin School. And while walking he observed the easy interaction of black kids and white kids, and realized how different this was from the 1960's and 1970's. Having this sort of interaction comes from a more integrated setting, so that people grow up not having that awkwardness or lacking social contact.      ...

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Baby boomers born in 1955 had 2 more years of schooling than their parents by age 30. By contrast baby boomers born in 1980 had 8 months more schooling than their parents by age 30. This is the shown in a study by Harvard professors Goldin and Katz. A big part of the problem is the high dropout rates at some high schools in the U.S. Another part of the problem which is growing today is the high cost of tution discouraging students from going to college, and the large student debt being borne by parents. Student debt reached $1 trillion in the U.S. by 2012.

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What is the best way to get ahead in a company? New studies show that the most important thing to do is to pick the right company for mobility and advancement, getting further education and skills, and for job stability. The studies shown here were done by the Burning Glass Institute in Philadelphia and the Harvard Project on Managing the Future of Work, the Schultz Family Foundation. The study looked at workers in 200 companies over a 5 year period to understand what helps workers build good careers. Companies that rank high for employee retention and pay are Adobe, Alphabet, Boeing, Microsoft. Companies promoting workers without a college degree are Southwest Airlines, AT&T, American Express, CISCO. For launchpads to further mobility Apple and AT&T do well. The main thing is that a person gets into the right company which has big consequences yet the workers starting out they don't have the visibility to make an educated choice, says an expert who did the study.  ...

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Potential Treasury nominee Kevin Warsh is given the possible role at Treasury plus appointment as Fed chairman after 2026 when Jerome Powell retires. At 35 years Kevin Warsh was the youngest governor of the Federal Reserve, America's central bank, appointed in 2006 by George Bush. At the time his appointment was criticized for lack of experience- Warsh comes from upstate New York and went to school at Shaker School in Latham, then Stanford, in economics and a JD at Harvard, followed by 7 years at Morgan Stanley. He was executive secretary of the National Economic Council in 2002. During the bank financial crisis of 2009 the lack of macro regulation led to failure of investment banks. Warsh was able top save Morgan Stanley and he acted as an avenue of information from banks to the Fed.

Warsh left the Fed in 2011 and returned to public service in 2016 when Trump made his first run for president as an adviser to DJT. 

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Dr. Zhong Nanshan, China's leading epidemiologist and head of the Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, talks to doctors in the U.S. at Temple University Hospital and Harvard University, about China's experience tackling the coronavirus. Other collaboration is happening between John Hopkins doctors and 80 other American doctors with Wang Jian-an president of the Second Affiliated Hospital at Zhejiang University. This hospital in China sent about 170 medical workers to Wuhan, the epicenter of the coronavirus in China.  Three areas of interest for American doctors are the clinical course of the virus, what treatments work and what does not work, treating pregnant infected women, and preventing infections among medical workers.

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Dr. Muller, Emeritus professor of physics at University of California, Berkeley, and Dr. Quay, founder of Atossa Therapeutics, point out why the presence of double CGG sequence  in the coronavirus genome is strong evidence of gene splicing done at the labs in research settings. The purpose of the research is to increase the lethal effect of existing virus and it goes under the harmless sounding term gain of function research when it is a risky and dangerous form of research. Other articles in the WSJ refer to the lifting of the ban on such research by NIH and HHS in 2018, in the face of fierce opposition from the scientific community at large, including the Cambridge community. Harvard's School of Public Health carried articles by epidemiologist Marc Lipsitch about the risks of "an accidental epidemic" which were ignored.

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This Washington Post look at Merrick Garland, U.S. president Obama's nominee for Supreme Court Justice, reveals a person who is meticulous and methodical in his legal work, less interested in ideological opinion. He is also seen as a person aspiring for higher office and making the right connections since he went to Harvard from Niles West High school in Chicago's North Shore suburbs- from his connections with Congressman Abner Mikva, Supreme Court Justice Brennan, Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti, which he assiduously pursued. Early in his first year at Harvard as an undergraduate Garland switched from a pathway for study of medicine to social sciences because the impact was greater he believed in such work. Here peers and colleagues at Harvard Law School, the Justice Department, give high marks to Garland for his legal work and his ability to take an objective view to obtain consensus. He has obtained consensus by writing the arguments in difficult cases in a way that limit debate, by studying the issues very carefully. Garland is the chief judge of the Washington D.C. Circuit. At the Justice Department he was assistant to Civiletti, and later principal associate attorney general who worked on the Oklahoma Bombings case of 1995. ...

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Harvard professor Robert Lawrence tells Tom Keene, the Obama administration has'nt paid that much attention to trade and trade agreements. He says this is unfortunate because it is important to lower barriers to trade, create fair trade, and increase U.S. exports.

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Alvin Bragg was elected in 2021 as New York County District Attorney covering Manhattan. Before this he was an Assistant US Attorney in the Southern District of New York and appointed as chief deputy Attorney General for New York State. His early education was at Trinity School and at Harvard where he finished degrees in government and law. He is only the 4th person in 80 years serving in this position succeeding Cyrus Vance. Bragg inherited this case of claims of hush money payments by Mr. Trump to a porn actress. Bragg as Chief deputy Attorney General has experience in prosecutions against people connected with the Trump organization and administration. Bragg decided not to pursue the case a year ago because he was not convinced there was enough supporting information and the direction was not clear. He decided to bring in more resources additional prosecutors, and studied the case in different areas before deciding on the one area to focus on, a process that took one year according to a recent NYT report. It is only after this process that an indictment of Mr Trump was made. ...

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Much as the average American does not like too many numbers that confuse and sources that may be incorrect. It does not have to be that way and it is important to know what can mean ease of living for all. Trump 2017 tax cuts have been studied in detail at Princeton, U of Chicago, Harvard, and Treasury Department. The effects are that it is adding $100 billion each year to the national debt of $34 trillion. And gains to individual workers are only about $750 a year not the $4000 promised per worker. The corporate tax rate was reduced from top rate of 35% to 21%, and investment spending was given accelerated deduction for income taxes. The studies show investment growth in years after 2017 was the same as the years before. To test if the rate of investment was slowing and the law pushed it up studies show this not to be the case. It was also shown that accelerated deduction of investment was more effective in increasing investment for individual companies based on 12000 corporate returns studied. ...

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Former Rep. Mike Gallagher of Wisconsin on Harvard, Columbia and other US universities dependent on full tution of foreign students to where they make up 30-40% of students, highly disproportionate to the American student population, which the author says funds the universities expanding buildings and bureaucracy. It means fewer opportunities for the American student population at the Nation's universities. An hidden aspect of this is that at the upper tier and upper middle tier of universities in the US this helps support rapid increase in the tution fees to levels not seen in two generations, making even upper middle class families with incomes over $200,000 a year find it hard to save for several children at such schools. It imposes an unnecessary and stiff burden on parents in the upper middle class. At the middle level of middle class incomes of $100,000-$150,000 the general inflationary trend for college tution puts these universities also in the range where the middle class can barely access them- cost of $30,000 a year over 4 years adding upto $120,000 and total of $360,000 for 3 children households. Basically universities have become an entrenched system operating in the interests of their own operations now in conflict with what is good for the Nation. ...

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Niall Ferguson, Professor at Harvard, expects 2 consecutive years of contraction and two lean years after that. Again the worldwide recession makes it harder to come out of this one, and having seen only 2 consecutive quarters of contraction there is a long way to go.

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Harvey Mansfield, a colleague of Mr. Wilson on the Harvard faculty, says in his tribute to him- Wilson never attempted to be more than a professor even though his ideas were widely respected, as if Wilson wanted to show by example and that there was nothing higher than setting an example.

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A study by Dr. McCormick of the Harvard Medical School and professors at the City University of New York School of Public Health at Hunter College, shows that the anticipated savings from conversion to medical records may not materialize to the extent expected. This study of data from 1100 doctors of 28,000 patient visits shows that with access to digital records doctors actually increased the number of tests ordered- from 12.9% of visits without digital records to 18% of visits with digital records. For more advanced tests such as MRI and CT scan the rate was 70% higher. Dr. McCormick says this may be because the new digital technology may have made it easier to order tests.

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African Americans from Chicago, Harvard Law School and other places in Obama's background, some of whom came into government with the Clinton administration are likely to assume leadership positions.John Rogers of Ariel Capital Management, Valerie Jarrett, are from Chicago. Some of them are at law firms like Jeh Johnson who is a fellow partner of Theodore Sorensen speechwriter for President Kennedy. These are a new group of younger African Americans different from the earlier generation of Andy Young and Vernon Johnson. Eric Holder was deputy attorney general under Clinton, now his name is mentioned for Attorney General. Ties in Chicago include ties to Martin Nesbitt, a close friend, who is chairman of the Chicago Housing Authority and a real estate developer. Harvard Law School admits 30 to 40 black students each year, and it has 1400 black law school alumni, more blacck law school graduates than any other school except Howard University. And its a source for fundraising and other contacts....

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Lawrence Katz, professor of economics at Harvard, suggests a government subsidy for companies creating new jobs of 40% of the payroll costs. He also proposes spending of several hundred billon dollars to help state and local governments reduce layoffs and invest in education infrastructure, and for investments in research and development and productivity enhancing infrastructure.

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Experiment conducted at the Gujarat Electricity Board by researchers from MIT and Harvard on correcting the flaws in the audit process for compliance with pollution control regulations by heavily polluting plants. The experiment is conducted in the state of Gujarat in northwestern India. The heavy polluters faced a audit process where fees were paid out of a central fund, were told plants could be audited for a scond time for false reporting on pollutants emittted, and faced additional disincentives of cut off of electricity supplies for noncompliance in correct reporting. This type of improvement is relevant for pollution control in China, India, Indonesia and other developing countries with similiar reporting issues and non compliance with pollution laws. Noncompliance and cozy relationships with auditors and regulators is a major problem for implementing pollution laws in these countries.

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Choices for Treasury Secretary, the thoughtful and quiet listener Geithner, and the controversy surrounded former Treasury secretary Summers who left the president position at Harvard after remarks about women. A 1991 memo by Summers suggesting poor countries as good dumping places for toxic waste, when he was economist at the World Bank. Blog in the Washington Post on this issue which aroused irate readers against Summers appointment.