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HP CEO in aplanned reorganization will merge the printer business with the PC business. It is ameasure of how far the PC business has come since Mr Hurd was made CEO 4 years ago, and after he hired Mr Bradley a former Palm CEO to shake up the PC business. Mr. Bradley has made the PC division supply chain more efficinet especially in the fast growing consumer netbook PC business, and has cut costs. Meantime the printer business under Joshi has stagnated. The PC business was merged into printer business by Fiorina in the hope that Joshi could make a difference. Hurd separated the two and put Bradley at the PC division.Now its the PC business that is taking off and its head who will try to improve the printer business. Bradley has run alean business and improved PC margins even as prices of PC's have tumbled. HP also passed Dell in PC's sold. In the quarter ending July 31,2009 HP PC sales were$8.43 billion and $386 million in earnings, accounting for 12% of profits, printer and ink were $5.66 billion and $960 million in earnings for 30% of overall profit. Hurd told analysts in aconference call that he was disappointed in how the printer unit inventory was managed, and that HP had to get some internal stuff right. The ...

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Alan Meltzer would like to see the Fed reverse its quantitative easing, and lower excess reserves gradually starting now. By this he hopes to see the Fed avoid the mistake of making a big shift from excessive ease to severe contraction further down the road. He also warns agains excessive deficit spending. He says a weak economy is not the time to cut spending or raise taxes, and he is not talking of draconian immediate steps. He would like to see a multiyear program to increase fiscal probity and reduce deficits size and frequency. As it stands now he takes both parties to task for lack of fiscal discipline and honest accounting. About $1 trillion in deficits each year on average for next 10 years is in the works, and is an underestimate because the savings of $200-$300 billion in medicare spending have still to be realized, and states do not have funds for increased Medicaid spending, and payments to doctors have still to go down by 25%. Chinese government purchases of half our debt will postpone the day of reckoning says Meltzer, but far better for us to strike at the problem now, before we blow a hole in the dollar and start a downturn. See the separate report on the shrinking UK economy....

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Ajami makes the point that opinions and attitudes -after the Obama efforts to improve America's standing in the Muslim world - havent changed much since the Bush days. He cites the Pew Global Attitudes Survey for 2009- In Turkey after the Obama Anakra visit favorable rating is only 14%, 69% are unreconciled. In Egypt 27% have favorable view 70% do not, in Pakistan unfavorables actally went up from 63% to 68%. He also points to the situation in Iran where the protester for the fraud in the election of Ahmadinejad did not receive much supprt from Obama, as the Obama administration decided to engage with Ahmadinejad to achieve nuclear settlement. In effect the rhetoric from Obama has not been matched with courage of convicitions , and lacks the courage to turn a new chapter by breaking from the past not just with talk but in real policy changes. And says Ajami the Arabs havve stopped listening to the rhetoric as little has been accomplished by way of change. At the same time false expectations may have been aroused because the Cairo speech was made at the University with the aging Mubarak at Obama's side, and beyond addressing these students the feeling clearly must be that the US would simply continue its policies of supporting old regimes that tolerate no dissent of any kind such as Mubarak's. ...

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Brooks says no to the current health reform bill as most experts say it does little to control the bulging healthcare cost curve which will take it from 17% of GDP to 22% and beyond. He goes over the pros and cons. Passing this gets little done for health care reform in a fundamental way that is so badly needed today. Says Brooks the system today is rotten to the bone with opaque pricing and insane incentives, with consumers insulated from the costs of their decisions, this won't change with the current health care bill. In fact he says according to the chief actuary for Medicare it will cause health care spending to grow faster. At this rate we will be giving more money to insurance companies and programs that have great social value like expanded preschool and other needs that America has will be shoved aside. In coming years as the population of America ages there will be growing needs for health care. With no increase in supply, and the perverse incentives still in place, prices will continue to grow rapidly without the focus on efficiencies that is badly needed. Brooks points out that its not the politics is the chief obstacle to reform as most people say, but the reverse is the truth, unless one gets the fundamental incentives right politics will be terrible forever. ...

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Mark Roe and expert on cororate governance and bankruptcy law at Harvard Law School, says two of the toughest issues facing the auto industry are clearly better dealt with under bankruptcy law. For the $30 billion of bond debt he says while a few holdouts can prevent arecapitalization outside of bankruptcy, under bankruptcy Chaoter 11 bondholders vote on the plan, and if those holding more than two thirds of the bonds by dollar value accept the deal it applies to all of them. For the supplier network he says courts know that the bankrupt company has to have supplies, inventory and parts flowing for it to function, so the bankruptcy code and bankruptcy courts put payments for new supplies at the top of the queue ahead of old lenders. HE says a bankruptcy judge has to approve these kinds of payments, but the approvals are regular and quick, sometimes on the first day of bankruptcy. So why is GM management saying the supplier network would collapse under bankruptcy? Mark Roe's answer to this question is that bankruptcy usually leads to a sharp change in management, and a new direction for the company. He adds that here are experts at fixing troubled companies who would take new directions and be more effective than current management at GM. ...

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Robert Frank, an economist at Cornell and visiting Professor at the Stern School of Business at NYU, says this deficit increasing our debt burden is entirely different from the way in which the Bush administration increased the national debt. During the last 8 years the Bush deficits increased the national debt by almost $5 trillion. But people went for larger mansions, and consumers went on aconsumption binge, and the Bush tax cuts were skewed to help the wealthy. Now to address the economic crisis a similiar amount of about $5 trillion will be needed but it will be spent quite differently. Money spent on ropads and building infrastructure that is needed is money well spent on any dimension. Especiallyfor America's crumbling roads and bridges and highways. If postponed these would cost more or twice as much to fix. Frank's point is that alot depends on what you do with the money. At recent interest rates servicing $10 trillion in debt costs about $400 billion annually. He says thats quite manageable. Just by instituting agasoline tax of $2 agallon as the Europeans do and are not alot poorer dfor this, the US could generate $100 billion ayear. When Americans are using mass transit in the largest numbers in 50 years, it also makes sense to build better faster transportation systems between major cities, like the high speed trains in Europe....

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The new interim board chairman of GM i Kent Kresa, 71 years old, who was CEO of Northrop Grumman Corporation between 199o and 2003, and previously served on the board of Chrysler. He is described as being very down to earth, pragmatic, who is expected to do well dealing with the government, by a senior partner at Korn Ferry International recruiters. Mr Kresa said in a statement that a new slate of directors will be submitted at the next annual meeting that will include a majority of new directors. That meeting is scheduled for August but might be pushed up. Kresa and Philip Laskawy, Ertnest & Young's retired CEO, had tried for 2 years to persuade fellow directors to replace Wagoner. They felt that Wagoner had fialed to change GM's corporate culture but were opposed by George Fisher, retired CEO of Eastman Kodak, and Eckard Pfeiffer retired CEO of Compaq. Of the 11 outside board members, seven are in place since 2003. Interestingly they are all retired CEO's except for Kathryn Marinello, CEO of Ceridian Corp. This has prompted one remark at ameeting of the administration task force that the board was "a collection of failed CEO's". Many experts advising the taskforce and the bondholders put some pressure on the task force to replace the board because of its complete failure....

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Class of 1977 was first after the Cultural revolution. In 1977 China held its first competitive national university entrance examination since 1965. A period of 12 years of the cultural revolution till 1977 were a lost decade in terms of education and getting the best minds and training them for careers in various fields for development and modernization. The year 1977 with the reinstatement of university entrance exams was remarkable in the outpouring of energy as young people prepared for entrance exams in a period of a few weeks. Textbooks were hard to find, for over ten years most had no schooling and worked in rural areas doing farming work. Students scrambled to find teachers to guide them. 273,000 were admitted to universities that year- only 4.7% of the the students taking the test. In comparison 58% of nine million students in 2007 were admitted to universities three decades later in 2007. Li Keqiang is one of these students who worked really hard to get into Peking University. He is the new prime minister, part of the new generation of leaders in China. Others include Zhou Qiang, governor of Hunan province, Wang Yi, party secretary of Foreign Affairs Ministry, and Jin Liqun, vice president of the Asian Development Bank, filmmakers Yimou and Kaige. and the writer Chen Cun. ...

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The US with 5% of the world's population has 25% of the world's prisoners. The US has 2.3 million peope behind bars according to the International Center for Prison Studies. China with 4 times the population has 1.6 million people in prison. The US has 751 people in prison per every 100,0000. It varies a lot within the states Louisiana at 1138 per 100,000 and Maine at 273 being the lowest, Minnesota at 300 is more like Sweden at 80 per 100,000 people.Interestingly it shot up in 1975, for a long period from 1925 to 1975 it was about 110 per 100,000. Explanations are given such as the war on drugs but only 500,000 are in prison for drug offences, so its only part of the explanation. tougher sentencing, availability of handguns and higher murder rates, and even the election of judges who respond to public opinion favoring tougher sentencing, are all given as answers. Interestingly Canada's crime rates parallel those seen in the US but the imprisonment rate has been stable for the last 40 years according to one expert Mr. Tonry. He says that english speaking countries have higher prison rates than French and other European peoples. Higher prison rates for black people are known to be the case in English speaking countries but no figures are given here. This is part of the problem....

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Oil prices doubled in the last year but wholesale gasoline prices rose a mere 39% according to analysts. Independent refiners like Valero and Tesoro have difficulty passing on the increased price of crude oil to consumers and their profits are being squeezed. Th cost of oil represents about 75% of the cost of gasoline at the pump, state and federal taxes 12%, and refining and distribution the rest according to the Energy Department. Meanwhile the demand for gasoline is dropping as motorists drive less, drive in more fuel efficient cars, and take shorter trips. Refining utilization rates are dropping going to a low of 81.4% in April 2008 compared to 90.4% in April 2007. In the beginning of May they were running at 85% utilization rate. Its appears odd but the rising price of oil hurts the refiner's margins because independent refiners buy the crude they process. Tesoro,Sunoco and United Refining all lost money in the first quarter even as producer/refiners like Exxon Mobil showed big profits. Valero which processes the heavier crudes that trade at discount saw its profit drop to $261 million in the first quarter 2008 from $1.1 billion in the 1st quarter 2007. Refining margins are about $12.45 a barrel on average, about 60% below the level a year ago, and in the low part of their 5 year range according to a UBS report....

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The U.S. Department of Labor says it has evidence of "systemic compensation disparities" against women at Google in violation of federal employment laws. A regional solicitor for the Department of Labor says the government analysis shows this "discrimination against women at Google is quite extreme, even in this industry." Google's own diversity statistics show 31% of employees were women in 2014, with whites making up 59% and Asians 32%.

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Telengana Liberation Day is celebrated in Hyderabad, Telengana, on September 17, 2022. From 1911 to 1948 the Nizam of Hyderabad ruled the territory in the state and parts of Karnataka and Maharashtra under the colonial system set up by the British of princely states. That colonial system of princely states comprised as much as one third of British India. By obtaining the loyalty of the princes of states throughout British India, Britain made it possible to sustain British rule.

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Only two and a half hours from Anchorage is the water at Kenai Fjords National Park. Another road trip from Anchorage is a 240 mile drive into Denali National Park. Emily Pennington takes one on a road trip to Denali. The first 15 miles of Denali Park Road are accessible by private vehicle. Then there are iconic green buses into park with many stop points. September has long days with sunshine till 8.30 pm and the trails are right for hikers.

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Thd UAW under Shawn Fain says the large US automakers Stellantis, GM and Ford are stalling with delay tactics in bargaining for wage increases. Ford only offered a 9% wage increase. UAW wants a 46% wage increase, elimination of lower wage tiers for new workers, benefits for cost of living, reducing the hiring of temporary workers, and a shorter work week. The UAW has taken the automakers delay tactics to the National Labor Relations Board in its complaint.

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China has seen novel uses of the internet. Pinduoduo is one of them. It brings people together on the internet to socialize and shop together. Purchases are small compared to Alibaba- $324 a year on average. By  bringing people in large numbers it has brought in about 788 million users in 2020.  One of the attractions is an orchard game where people tend to their digital orchards to earn shopping vouchers and prizes such as boxes of mangoes.The founder Mr. Huang studied computer science at the University of Wisconsin- Madison where he met Chen who now runs the company. Huang's first effort as recently as 2015 was to sell lychees and fruit from their sole warehouse in Shanghai on WeChat platform. This failed when the computer systems of the website could not handle the large number of orders. Lychees then rotted at the warehouse. From that first effort he realized the way social and browsing platforms could work with shopping. To build up large number of buyers who could be served advertising he came up with subsidies to buyers that are financed from the advertising. Money from advertising is put back into the subsidies. The buyers get discount on purchases and the browsing social platform builds large number of users in a short time. In this way it has as many users as Alibaba but purchases are small.  As in these types of startups with huge valuations and fast growth no profits were made in 2020. The loss is $1.1 billion in 2020. It has put $13 billion of the ad revenues into subsidizing the products on the site. Investors have given the company $6 billion for an agriculture program to sell fresh food and produce.  The Chinese government sees the company subsidies as having an effect of distorting the market prices. Regulators have fined the company for its practices. The company's working culture has some aspects that come under criticism with deaths of two employees.  This offers a glimpse of China's internet culture. How much of it is real constructive development of the internet is always a question. Is investor capital productively invested is also a question. Like Japan in the late 1980's few questions are asked by investors about productive uses of capital. As growth slows as it did in Japan by 2000 a lot of these questions are likely to come back.   ...

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Boris Johnson, who heads a minority government in Britain following resignation of Theresa May, will do just about anything to push Britain out of the European Union by October 31st. He has said he would "rather be dead in a ditch" than ask for an extension of the October 31st deadline. The British parliament is dead set on preventing that and has passed legislation requiring a extension of the October 31st deadline to January 2020. Johnson is even willing to go to jail for breaking the law, on the grounds that he is simply supporting the people's referendum choice over an elected parliament. This is itself a strange situation because the elected representatives in parliament decide for the people, and views in a referendum can change over time. Johnson says the reports of Britain's economy taking a blow from simply falling out of the European Union without a negotiated deal are exaggerated. He even once said all it means is that there might be "a shortage of Mars chocolate bars." Before becoming prime minister with a one vote majority in parliament which he promptly lost on the first day parliament met, Boris was a journalist who was elected Mayor of London. His only other position was for a brief period with controversy as Foreign Secretary in Theresa May's government. By taking in as chief adviser the head of the Brexit referendum Leave campaign Mr. Cummings, Mr. Johnson shows he believes he could win a general election with a carefully orchestrated campaign like that of Leave that blames the Labour Party, and the Scottish National party for stopping Brexit and halting the people's mandate.  The question is whether Cummings has gone too far or Boris Johnson has gone too far using Cumming's methods and views. Many Conservative moderates were expelled from the Conservative Party by Johnson and Cummings leaving the Conservative Party in self-destructive mode and the worst shape it has been in its history. It is not clear that after 10 years of austerity and rule by the Conservative party, and the mess from the single minded pursuit of Brexit that has overshadowed Britain's other priorities, that the British public would simply give a broken Conservative Party another mandate without thinking carefully about all the consequences. More so amid the lack of trust that is a feature of the Boris Johnson minority government.  ...

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This very exceptional report from the city of Recife in Brazil's northeastern state of Pernambuco, comes from WSJ reporters Johnson and Jelmayer. It is about the physicians Vanessa van der Linden Mota, and Ana van der Linden Mota, her mother, who first alerted health authorites in Pernambuco about the cases of encephaly and the links to the mosquito Zika Virus in Recife, Brazil. From 147 recorded encephaly cases, and babies born with shrunken skulls or calcified brain structure in 2014 in Brazil, the cases reported jumped to 4,180 suspected cases. Estimates of cases by 2020 for such cases run up to 50,000 to 100,000 if the problem is not tackled. The family of the van der lindens come from Dutch-German immigrants settled in northeastern Brazil, a less developed region of the country. The family is unique with five doctors including neuro pediatricians Ana and Vanessa working in public hospitals in Recife , and father Helio a neuro surgeon. The entire state of Pernambuco has a total of 15 neuropediatricians, according to this report. The Ebola Virus emerged in countries such as Sierra Leone and Liberia which suffered from war and neglect of health infrastructure. Here in Pernambuco state, as reporters Johnson and Jelmayer point out, the problem stems from neglect in public health infrastructure, especially sanitation and drinking water for shantytown dwellers and vast majority of poor residents in a city of 3.5 million, typical of developing countries in Latin America and South Asia, where development in some parts of the country have lagged far behind, and where needed public health infrastructure investments have not been made. Lack of dependable drinking water means collecting water in containers that are susceptible to breeding mosquitoes, such as the mosquitoes carrying the Zika Virus. A public debate on the lack of attention by socialist and worker's party led governments to this type of infrastructure and transportation services was already underway in Brazil leading to widespread protests in 2013. A $226 million investment in a soccer stadium in Recife, and similar investments in other smaller cities in the northeast were made under the Worker's Party government. Large investments for the Olympics now come as the economy contracted in 2015, and Brazil is hurt by another boom-bust cycle with the slowdown in China- with fiscal austerity policies, a loss of a third in the value of its currency, and the popularity rating of the newly elected government from the Worker's Party in single digits....

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This NYT report looks at the last minute negotiations on the day the trial was to begin that led to the FNN television network working out a deal with Dominion.It says in a conference room down the hall from Judge Eric Davis's courtroom in downtown Wilmington, Delaware, were the head of Dominion, John Poulos, and the top investor in Dominion, State Street Capital co-founder Hootan Yaghhoobzadeh. In a call from Los Angeles was Viet Dinh, chief legal officer, close to Rupert and Lachlan Murdoch. Also calling in was a mediator who knew both sides, Jerry Roscoe, a veteran of wartime negotiations in the Balkans on a Danube river cruise with his wife. Roscoe says he had two things working for him- the about to begin opening statements of Dominion ("lies have consequences,") and the finalization of the jury selection (12 jurors presenting much uncertainty for Dominion) that had given pause to both sides. That Viet Dinh's hardline was just that an appearance, was Fox head Lachlan's earlier decision unknown to each side to raise the money needed for a larger settlement close to $787 million the company actually paid. It suggests that Fox heads Lachlan and Murdoch really wanted to settle in the final moments using as skilled a mediator as Jerry Roscoe . FNN television network also owned the WSJ, and WSJ had independently supported the 2020 election results from the beginning, as WSJ pointed out in its editorial this week. Murdoch's own position being ambivalent about his positions, never quite convinced what was the right thing to do whether his own judgement was dependable. FNN was simply following the practice of creating controversy to increase circulation, a practice going back to the Melbourne Herald in the 1920's when competing with papers from Sydney, under Keith Murdoch. Setting the early twentieth century origins of News Corporation, parent of FNN, following  the practices of increasing news circulation by pursuing controversy of British newspaper businessmen Beaverbrook and Northcliffe through the prewar period in the 1920's to the 1950's. In that period it had led to Beaverbrook to support Neville Chamberlain, and to oppose Truman and Churchill during the early days of the Cold War till the Berlin Blockade in 1948, positions which were speedily retracted in that time to back Churchill in 1940 and in 1948.   ...

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Declan Walsh's article published on May 19, 2013 in the NYT, was written and reported before his expulsion by the Interior Ministry of Pakistan. It surely must rank as an exceptional piece of journalism and possibly the best that has been done on Pakistan in the U.S. media for decades. Walsh focusses on the Pakistan Railways once part of the British Indian Railways which pulled together all of South Asia from Burma and the Afghan border to Ceylon, an engineering feat accomplished by the British which integrated India (and Pakistan) into nation states. He takes a cue from the India patriot Gokhale's advice to the the young Mohandas Gandhi to travel by rail to see India, its agricultural interior and small towns. Walsh rides the Awami Express from Peshawar near the Afghan border to Karachi, in Sindh province. Along the way the train passes Sukkur, crosses the Indus river, reaches Lahore in the Punjab province, and makes its way to Hyderabad in Sindh province near the Thar desert and India. Walsh stops at each point to talk with railway personnel, describes passengers, and the changing terrain. The strains on the society from extremist violence, the lack of investment in the railways, corruption, and railway ministry officials who diverted resources away from the railways, are described in detail, showing how conditions have deteriorated in the railways to this point. It also focusses attention on the need to modernize and rebuild Pakistan's railways. In China and in India railways play a huge role in the life of the common man, providing the major means of transportation and freight links for these large developing countries. By pulling freight business away from the railways and shifting it to businesses outside railways, a critical source of revenue was take away by a rail minister in the Musharraf government, which needs to be reversed. In the U.S., China and India rail freight business is a key part of the railway companies. There is a sense of despair in the railway people Walsh talks to, but his account also spells hope by bringing this to the attention of the outside world, to the public in the U.S. and Europe, even Japan, that what Pakistan needs is new investment, help with infrastructure. It sends a message to the new government to gird itself for the difficult tasks ahead to win the confidence of the people of Pakistan in a way that has not been done in the past. Falling behind is then both problem and opportunity in a modernizing world with new technologies that can transform the landscape....

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This report in the WSJ provides details on the groundwork that was laid by the Trump administration as it worked to find a solution to the problems facing Venezuela with refugees and economic crisis, and months of protests. The plans were set in the days before Nicholas Maduro took office for the second term as president. The night before Juan Guaido, head of the National Assembly, declared himself president, U.S. vice president Mike Pence stated that the U.S. would support him if he took the reins of government from Maduro by invoking a clause in the Venezuelan Constitution that makes the head of the National Assembly take the office of president if the existing president is declared illegitimate taking office unlawfully. About 60 nations did not recognize the elections that gave Maduro a second term. On Jan 2 Mr Trump who feels deeply about the collapse of the Venezuelan economy and rising poverty, the suffering of the Venezuelan people, met with presidents of Brazil and Colombia. Colombian president Ivan Duque and Trump hinted at a plan to cooperate to help people fleeing Venezuela and respecting its democratic heritage. Mr Pompeo spoke to allies of the U.S. The National Assembly laid out its plans on Jan 15, for using a constitutional mechanism that allows the head of the Assembly to lead an interim government till new elections are held if the existing president is declared illegitimate. A leading Republican senator of Cuban origin Mr. Rubio supported the move. On the eve of protests in Venezuela Rubio and two other senators from Florida met Mr. Trump and Pence at the White House. Also present were Bolton, Pompeo, Ross and Treasury Secretary Mnuchin. Mr. Trump then decided to do it. He placed a call to Mr. Guiado  to tell him that if the National Assembly invoked Article 233 the U.S. president would back him.  The U.S. believes the rank and file in the military are with the opposition even though its leaders back Maduro. After the U.S. action, the governments of Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Colombia, backed the move for an interim government. The European Union called for free and credible elections. Russia and Mexico supported Maduro.  The State Department instructed the U.S. Federal Reserve about Guiado government as the sole representative for Venezuelan assets in banks. Sanctions could be placed on Venezuelan oil exports as backup efforts proceed to support the interim government. ...