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Minimobility can be seen in some locations in the US such as Peachtree City, a town south of Atlanta where golf carts are popular. In Europe it is taking off and popular on its small streets and with its  culture of smaller vehicles. The Renault Duo, Citroen Ami, Swiss Microlino, Swedish Luvly, are electric vehicles for 1-2 passengers made at prices from $8000 for the Ami to $16000 for the Microliner. The Microliner has a range of 150 miles and max speed of 55mph. By 2030 about $100 billion of these small electric vehicles could be on the road compared to $3 billion in 2023. 

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The story of Eiji Toyoda is largely the story of the modern Toyota company. He guided the company as president from 1967 to 1982 and following that as chairman and senior advisor, a service that spans the entire period from the formation of Toyota during the 1930's by Sakichi Toyoda and his son Kiichiro Toyoda till today. Eiji was Sakichi Toyoda's nephew, and 18 years younger than Kiichiro. He worked in the company's textile loom business in the early days before the formation of the company to manufacture automobiles as an entrepreneurial venture by Sakichi and Kiichiro. An auobiography by Eiji Toyoda pubished by Kodansha in 1985 tells the story- Toyota- Fifty Years In Motion. Most of the prewar period was spent manufacturing buses and motorized vehicles for the military. It was after visits to Ford's Rouge automobile plant in Detroit in the fifties that Eiji first picked up the ideas for a suggestion system and getting workers to provide ideas and make improvements that later became kaizen. Eiji was born in 1913 before the beginning of the first world war and passed away at the age of 100 in 2013. He lived a remarkable life that witnessed most of the events of the twentieth century, the transition from a militaristic to a peace loving nation, and technological progress in many fields. The technological evolution continues with the development of electric cars. In the early days of the automobile Sakichi had imported a German electric car which was limited by the short battery charge, a limitation Toyota and other companies are still tackling to this day, showing the technological challenges still ahead. The story of Toyota shows pioneering efforts and progress is continuous, as Toyota picked up the ideas from Ford and added new ones of its own for better products. Family companies with dedicated service spanning a century are rare and Toyota is one of these companies. When the recall crisis of 2011 brought the young CEO, Akio Toyoda, Kiichiro's grandson, to the verge of tears at a public event, the memories of a generation of leaders and the need to live up to their ideals and the work that preceded him must have gone through his mind....

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Harris supports some of the most far reaching efforts to help workers and families with cost of living action. Teachers would benefit with pay raises, workers earning less than $100,000 a year would benefit with special support of $500 a month to meet cost of living increases, $100 billion would be invested to support housing affordability using a estate tax on the wealthiest households. Harris proposed Rent Relief Act would provided refundable tax credits giving renters who earn less than $100,000 the ability to recoup housing costs in excess of 30 percent of their incomes. One of the more egregious situations today is shown in the WSJ where 25% of people renting apartments in the US- middle and lower income people- pay over 50% of their income on rent leaving less and less for food, transport, childcare. This would make a huge difference for these households. Affordable Housing is a big issue in many states including Nevad and Biden had proposed a 5% cap on rent increases after 20% increase in the last two years of the pandemic. Harris's proposal goes beyond this to help the hardest hit households. Harris supports emergency relief funding for homeless. And she supports spending $100 billion in communities hurt by discrimination in getting housing. ...

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Farmers are switching from paddy rice cultivation to apples in areas an hour from Srinagar in Kashmir. Farmers using traditional varieties of apples are also changing by planting high yielding varieties of apples imported from Europe, and doubling yield, profits. New varieties are also less susceptible to damage from hailstorms. By providing farm machines, tractors, sprayers, juice preservation plants, the government hopes to change the economic future of Kashmir. This sector has potential as a major employment generator, with 71% of India's apple production in Kashmir. In the last 3 years alone the sector has grown 50% from 6000 crore to 9000 crore rupees. Because apples are far more profitable than paddy rice cultivation it also enhances incomes in the state, with the additional benefit of generating many man days of work in orchards- one hectare creating 400 man days. Today 700,000 farming families or 3.3 million people are supported by apple production in Kashmir. ...

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At a videoconference between DJT and European leaders on Aug. 14, 2025, initiated by Germany's Merz , it was decided that no territory exchanges are to be discussed at DJT Putin meeting in Alaska. DJT and the Europeans will simply seek an immediate ceasefire followed by talks between Zelensky and Putin with DJT offering to be there to mediate differences. DJT says there will be strong sanctions on Russia in the event no ceasefire is reached. Legislation in Congress with 80 senators on board a clear majority of both parties is for putting a 500% tariff on countries such as China and India that import Russian oil. These imports exceed $100 billion each for China and India. DJT has placed a 50% duty on India if negotiations do not yield results on this issue. This is seen in Congress as fueling the continuation of the Russian war in Ukraine.

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The concentration of particles less than 2.5 microns in diameter reached 700- 886 micrograms per square meter in Beijing in Jan 2013, 500 is routine. The World Health Organization says a level of 25 micrograms per square meter is safe, above 300 poses risks calling for one to stay indoors. This is the high cost of rapid motorization of China and lack of strict pollution control laws and enforcement for industry. The pace of car sales in the last ten years was extremely fast and unprecedented in comparison to Europe, the U.S. and Japan in a similiar period of development.

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The Dow Jones Average drops again 300 points on Dec 27, after a record 1000 point gain on Dec 26, 2018. All S&P sectors are no in the red for the year after losses for the quarter. Investor anxiety stems from the Fed winding down easy money policy, interest  rate increases, the trade war with China, and slower economic growth,

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Adam Parker, chief equity strategist of Morgan Stanley, sees the Standard and Poor's 500 stock index ending 2012 at 1167. Garry Evans, global head of equity strategy at HSBC, sees the S&P 500 stock index ending 2012 at 1190. This is down from the end of 2011 level of 1257. David Kostin, top equity strategist at Goldman Sachs, sees the S&P at 1250 at the end of 2012. Parker, Evans and Kostin, share concerns about the macroeconomic environment and Europe. Parker also sees weakness in bank earnings contributing to this level in the S&P 500 stock index. Parker view global macroeconomic factors determining 50% of the outcome, with weaknesses not only in Europe but also in China. His predictions for S&P earnings per share are at about $100 for 2012 and $103 for 2013.

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CERA estimates that while prices of crude went up 100% from 2000 to2007 the capital costs for oil exploration went up by 80%, and there are shortages of engineering and other resources.

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Apple did its first product launch in China with the launch of the iPhone 5C in China. The phone is priced at $99 in the U.S. and targets buyers at the low end. In China where subsidies kick in later in lower monthly phone bills the price is much higher at about 4500 yuan or $733. Buyers in smaller cities in China pay about 1000 to 2000 yuan for a smartphone. Apple's market share is about 5% in China, behind Samsung at 18% and Chinese manufacturers Huawei, Lenovo and HTC.

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Oracle AI data centers spending 44% higher than estimates hurt its stock- AI alert. Oracle stock down 15%. The trade deficit of US lowest in 5 years at $53 billion in September 2025. It dropped during the pandemic 2020-2022 then went up, in anticipation of the Trump tairffs up to $136 billion in March 2025 then dropped to $50 billion in April 2025 and around that figure since. American exports of goods and services $289 billion and imports $342 billion in September 2025. It would still mean a trade deficit of $600 billion annualized figure for which tariffs  and bringing jobs factories home are strategies to bring it down.

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Germany leads in balcony solar installation- 1 million installed in 2023-2025 ($200 to $1200 solar modules installed on baconies. The boom is the largest in Europe for solar balcony installations. Japan is sending a delegation to learn from Germany. Renewables overtook coal for first time worldwide. In Germany the cost of this electricity from soalr balcony installs is half that of electricity from the grid. Berlin University Applied Sciences says it pays for itself in 4-7 years, after that the electricity has no cost. Solar modules life is 30 years, batteries life is 7-10 years. With 4 modules about half the needs for electricity for a household can be met.

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Plans to increase VW production in China by 70% for 2018 and introduce a small budget car designed for the Chinese market at a price range of 6000-8000 euros. A depressed European market with VW sales down 8% in Europe in the first 2 months of 2013, means a vigorous push in China, India, Russia, America and Southeast Asia. The new budget car would be modeled on Renault's Dacia. VW will build 10 plants outside Europe, 7 in China. Additional plants will increase capacity in China to 4 million vehicles from the current 2.3 million in March 2013.

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Greg Ip of the WSJ cautions about thinking that the GDP growth of 3% is likely to be achieved with the Trump plan for a corporate tax rate of 15%. He says evidence from Britain and Canada- Britain reducing the tax rate from 30% in 2007 to 19% today, and Canada from 28% in 2000 to 21% in 2004- is disappointing. In Britain the increase in GDP averaged about 0.1% a year. Business investment increases with cut in corporate taxes, and the U.S. corporate tax rate is higher than other advanced countries such as Germany, yet GDP growth includes other factors, such as the business cycle, demographics, productivity growth, aging, technology, regulation, says Ip. It is better if the tax cuts are spread broadly over the population, and tax cuts are offset to a greater extent by savings in other areas, and that tax cuts promote productivity boosting investment, to create enough of a surge in growth above 2%.

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Volvo sales reached about 135,000-140,000 units in North America in 2003-2004 and is dropping since then down to about 100,000 units. Now Volvo worldwide which had a loss in the 2008 first quarter of $151 million on a decline in sales by $400 million and selling 22,000 fewer cars, compared to same quarter 2007, is cutting production. Volvo is affected by its mix in sales with larger cars and its larger SUV not selling as well as its smaller cars. This even though sales are expanding in Russia and China. The exchange rate between the Swedish kronor and the dollar is hurting Ford as the adverse exchange rate has cost Ford $1.7 billion in losses in the last 2 years. About 3000 workers buyouts in the last 2-3 years from a global workforce of 25,000. And 100 positions were cut through consolidation at a single North American headquarters in New Jersey. North American dealerships will be reduced from 350 to 300 by 2009. Production cuts are at plants making the larger models. Production has been cut at the Torslanda plant in western Sweden, where the pace of production will be cut by one third from 60 an hour to 44 an hour cars produced. The plant shift redction will lead to about 700 layoffs by January2009. No cutbacks are planned at the plant in Belgium which makes smaller cars and the S60 crossover SUV. ...

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The Economst cites an IMF June 2012 paper by Arcand, Berkes and Panizza that shows private borrowing and size of bank balance sheets once it reaches 100% of GDP begins to slow growth. A second paper by Cecchei and Enisse Kharroubi at the Bank for International Settlements confirms this showing that at low levels private borrowing and expansion of bank balance sheets increases economc growth, but at high levels exceeding 100% of GDP a large financial system actually hurts economic growth. Andy Haldane of the Bank of England points out the fact that for the century to 1970 bank assets increased by an average of 0.6% a year faster than GDP in 14 large economies, but increased much faster after this with ratio of assets to GDP increasing by about 3 percentage points a year. Bank assets increased from 50% of GDP in the 1960's to about 200% of GDP by 2007, reaching 500% of GDP in Britain, 800% of GDP in Switzerland, and 126% in the U.S. The increase in world trade accentuated this period with trade increasing from 22% of global GDP to 33% in the period 1996-2008, and banking following this trend across borders to developing countries. At the same time excesses caused an imbalance with hyper growth in bank balance sheets through taking on more leverage and banking risks. The Economist sees this process going back in reverse as bank balance sheets shrink in the face of regulation and efforts for financial stability following the 2008 global financial crisis....

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Russia's Elvira Nabiullina, has helped Russia avoid the worst effects of the collapse in oil prices with the careful management of the economy. Russia has weathered the crisis better than most emerging markets, say experts, with policy moves that included a devaluation of the ruble, recapitalizing banks, increasing the share of public debt in Russian hands, and assistance to poorer sections of society. Following the last crisis in 2008 Russia built up its rainy day fund, the sovereign wealth fund, to $500 billon to help support the economy in difficult periods. Experts say, and Nabiullina concurs, that what is needed now even more than a rise in oil prices is improvement in business conditions and business climate to generate growth following high interest rates of 17% in 2014. Exceptional performance by an exceptional banker, known for her humility and experience through several crises, as deputy economy minister in 2000 and economy minister in 2007. Better relations with the European Union would do just that, particularly to increase foreign investment in Russia's economy, and restore the conditions for growth. ...

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The Hindustan Times provides this look at the construction of a new 1000 bed hospital in Bandra Kurla complex exhibition area of Mumbai  that will be used for isolation of coronavirus cases. The hospital will be ready in time to tackle an expected further surge in cases in Mumbai by the end of May. The hospital will be equipped to handle another 5000 beds says the Mumbai municipal authority, MMRDA. Several hospitals are being built such as this one to tackle the surge in cases as Mumbai has about 25% of cases in India of coronavirus.

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India, Brazil and South Africa as members of BRIC's means that the US position has support within BRIC's with nuances such as words on multipolarity of institutions. India has allowed trade to be done in rupees with Russia as trade is heavily imbalanced with Russia- India exports $4.1 billion to Russia and imports oil and gas worth $61 billion. Russia gets Rupees for the oil and invests it in the Indian equity markets and bonds.

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A heart warming story of aging well of a world class Masters swimmer who stays fit at 89, Gail Roper can be an inspiration for people wanting to live healthy into an advanced age. She was a national champion by the time of the 1952 Olympic games in Helsinki, FInland. At 44 she started swimming in Masters competitions. She thinks one should not need a walker when one is growing old, provided one has plenty of exercize. She says she could be competing even now except for her driving. She lives in a senior community and swims 2000 yards everyday in an outdoor pool. Her daily routine includes, 20 sit-ups while watching the news, 20 push-ups against her kitchen sink between washing dishes, 200 revolutions on her stationary bike, 100 steps on her stair stepper, resistance bands to stretch. Want to stay straight up and down, and not crouched or humped over, then you must work at it says Gail Roper. Its that simple. It means working lives don't end when you retire, just take different shapes and adopt new routines. She speaks to 5 people everyday as a rule to keep up social skills. And she reads as well to keep her brain active. Gail starts the day with a cup of Nespresso coffee, granola and fruit, and adds yogurt. Snacks on walnuts, almonds and dried fruit throughout the day. Her main meal is lunch which includes a salad and beverage where she spends time with other people at the seniors center. Dinners are small portions. On Sundays its pizza and wine. Thats it! Secret to healthy living for the retired and older people.   ...

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One key point came in early Harris said she had a Plan for the economy, for an Opportunity Economy, Trump she said had none. Trump did not offer a plan. Harris spelled out a plan to tackle housing costs including a $6000 child tax credit and building 3 million new homes. Harris called higher tariffs, double than exist today, a way to increase costs for each family by $4000. She also pointed out that economists had confirmed that Trump tariff policies would lead to higher costs for Americans as they would be passed on by importers. Harris also offered a position of all of the above that included fracking where appropriate to increase oil supplies to bring down prices for American families, a key issue in Pennsylvania. On immigration and crime it was David Muir who reminded Trump that the FBI had stated crime was down in the country. On Ukraine, Afghanistan Harris clearly explained that US was not at war for the first time in one hundred years and was saving the US $300 million a day it cost for the war in Afghanistan. On Ukraine she said Biden-Harris had strengthened NATO and ties with allies, in an answer to David Muir's repeated question to Trump "Is it in the US interest for Russia to win the war in Ukraine?" To which Trump offered only a reply that suggested this was not important for him, disavowing US policy from 1900 to preserve the rule of law in international relations that no country should violate sovereignty of other nations through invasion. Among Republicans this is an issue with Mitch McConnell and others supporting Biden-Harris. ...