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Total compensation and benefits at publicly traded Wall Street banks and securities firms was a record $135 billion in 2010, according to an analysis by the Wall Street Journal. This is up 5.7% from the $128 billion in 2009 for the same firms. The 25 largest financial firms saw revenues increase to $417 billion. Things are going back to where they were before the financial crisis with total compensation and benefits now exceeding the levels in 2007. In 2010 deferred compensation made up half of the total pay compared to being one third of total pay in prior years.

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Laurent Berger, head of the French Confederation of Labor, C.F.D.T., is a moderating force in France as president Macron leads an effort to make a revision to France's labor code. With a large parliamentary majority president Macron is expected to push for a shift to a Scandinavian version of "flexible security," that allows companies and the economy to adjust the work force, introduce retraining and create flexibility so that new jobs can be created. His union is now the largest, after surpassing the militant General Confederation of Labor. Issues in labor changes proposed by president Macron are- direct negotiations between management and employees bypassing unions, and a cap to compensation in unfair dismissal cases. Berger's view is that though the interests of labor and management conflict, there has to be dialogue instead of constant confrontation. He is willing to see some jobs lost if business creates new jobs with improvement in the economy. Macron has summoned labor leaders for marathon talks. ...

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Abut 3 million homeowners are expected to default on their mortgages in the 30 months ending in mid 2009, and two thirds of this or 2 million will go into foreclosure, according to Moody's Economy.com. So what led to all this which eventually hit the financial markets in the U.S., and also to a lesser degree in Europe, through the opacity of the mortgage securities created from bad mortgages with falsely tagged triple AAA ratings that ended up in the assets of banks and investment firms? The motivations of each group were perverted as things unfolded. When the packagers of securties were not responsible for what they were doing they pursued profit before ethical behaviour and all sorts of securities were created. As these packagers were allowed to shop for ratings the ratings companies gradually lowered their standards to attract business. Politicians failed in the free market atmosphere of the Republican Bush administration and Republican led Congress. Senator Bachus and Congressman Frank introduced legislation during the later period of the bubble but failed to draw support to curb the bad lending. Republicans blocked a new antipredatory lending law in North Carolina from being enacted for the country from 1999 onwards. And Bush without realizing the ramifications prodded HUD to push Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to require higher percentage of loans to go to low income borrowers. Fannie and Freddie in turn met this requirement by increasing the demand for these subprime loans by buying the mortgage securities, which the packagers of these securities backed by subprime mortgage loans and incorrectly rated AAA by conniving ratings agencies were happy to supply. It was a sad situation with a happy -everyone could say the were bringing home ownership and the American dream to low income people, and business was signing up for this ride with short term gain in mind. And in all this financial innovation lost its legs as packaging these securities and constructing new investment vehicles like the conduits were being used in perverse ways. The basics of labeling something correctly was torn apart. You could not turn a subprime loan to low income borrowers or a loan without documentation to flippers and speculators into something different by simply labeling it as AAA. What the confidence in financial innovation in the American system did was help spread these securities all over the globe, where they were held with confidence by towns in remote parts of the Scandinavian north country as well as financial centres in Europe and Asia. At the state level politicians in California saw this as one of the state's star industries and protected it from legislation to curb bad lending, as most of the big lenders were based in California. Due to a strange set of affairs the Department of Corporations was left with the tasks of oversight of mortgage lenders in the state. It was concerned more with issues like protecting senior citizens from financial scams and was not staffed to meet the supervisory role of a huge mortgage lending business. When it comes to the Fed's role Greenspan also took the laissez fairre stand of not interfering with free markets, even when a lot of the bad lending was obvious and one Fed Governor Gramlich was pushing for better lending standards. The Fed supervisory role was over banks and banks were required to follow lending standards, but most of this lending had shifted to mortgage brokers and financial companies which were beyond the supervision of the Fed. Had the Fed extended its supervision to mortgage affiliates of the banks this could have increased the level of supervision and made a difference. But state regulation mechanisms in California by Department of Corporations show that the regulatory mechanism did not take into account the realities of mortgage lending and how it had changed. ...

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The NYT editorial says the summit came up short on both the Stimulus that Europe was asked by the US to commit to, and the global regulation that the Europeans asked the US to agree to. The regulatory reform is not what it needs to be to address the many issues raised by this crisis says the NYT. And Germany it says needs to see that deteriorating conditions will require a strong stimulus. By committing to $1 trillion in funds to backup international trade and to help emerging countries fight the crisis, the summit did achieve its other goal of helping the vast majority of people in the world in the emerging countries deal with this crisis, including countries in the EU.

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U.S. Treasury Secretary Geithner says Republicans are working to thwart the Dodd-Frank legislation- by slowing down and diluting the impact of rules required to be written under Dodd-Frank, crimping the resources of regulatory agencies, and blocking the nominations of heads of regulatory agencies such as the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

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The Volcker rule is named after former chairman of the Federal Reserve, now 82 year old Paul Volcker. In its complete form it would ban banks from investing in trading activities. But with Treasury Secretary Geithner and economic advisor Summers being part of the team that supported deregulation in banking, the Volcker rule was put in a diluted form in the proposed financial reform bill. Only after it was supported by financial leaders with long years of experience, such as John Bogle, Nicholas Brady and William Donaldson, and with active participation by Volcker, did the Volcker rule in a modified form get the support of Congress and the White House. What grade does it get from Paul Volcker? A B not even a B+ says Volcker. Volcker regrets his earlier silence on this issue. His view is that there is a sense of nervousness about the long term, and this is justified. He says a lot will depend on a 10 member regulatory council that is created by the bill, and all depends on how tough and vigilant it is on a day to day basis with the banks. Analysts share Volcker's concern about "the certain circularity in this businesss," where things are going well for some time followed by another crisis. Volcker's concern is that the bill doesn't prevent bank's from getting into activities such as investing in hedge funds and other similiar activities....

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The ECB's executive board's proposal is for 50 billion euros ($58 billion) in bond buying each month for the next 12 months. The ECB's executive board meets on Jan 20, 2015, to discuss the proposal.

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The Economist magazine points out that Indian companies will have to invest more in innovation if they are to maintain return on investment. It says the GST, government action to reduce corruption since 2012 through court decision on crony capitalism, better functioning markets for land, natural resources and capital, more efficient supply chains, will force large Indian companies to compete by becoming more efficient. Under the previous regime before 2012 large Indian companies were able to make high ROI but this was an illusory advantage, as the growth in the Indian economy could create opportunities for firms that can compete with innovation, quality and efficiency. In this sense the Indian economy is entering a new phase under the Modi administration with stretch goals and efforts to create  the next ten year period of growth very different from the past.

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Baucus is a six term senator from Montana. He won easy re-election in the fall. Question are being raised about the extent of fundraising Baucus is doing even as he is conducting the negotiations for writing up the health care reform bill. He continues to accept donations from health care executives and health care companies. Public Citizen advocacy group says that Baucus's fundraising in the middle of the health care debate is very troubling. As chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, Baucus is a key person in the health care legislation development.The Washington Post says health care companies gave Baucus $1.5 million in 2007 and 2008 as he began to hold hearings for the health care reform debate. The health care industry gave $170 million to federal lawmakers in 2007 and 2008, with 54% going to Democrats, according to the Center for Responsive Politics. Senator Grassley of Iowa, the ranking Republican in Baucus's committee received more than $2 million from the health care industry since 2003. House Ways and Means Committee chairman Rangel took in $1.6 million, and ranking Republican Dave Camp $1 million. Clearly any new health care legislation will fall short on achieving the critical reduction in health care costs that is needed to help the U.S. economy as long as lawmakers are beholden to lobbyists and donations....

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The Volcker Rule goes into effect in July 2012. Under the rule proprietary trading operations of banks must be divested by 2012, with banks getting an additional three years to comply for specific situations. The financial industry is pushing back against the rule with comment letters from industry firms. Mr. Volcker outlined his response in his letter of comments to the objections raised by financial firms. To the objection that this would reduce liquidity in the market and raise corporate borrowing rates, Vocker says that too much liquidity is a problem because firms tend to bid up asset prices in the hope that they can always find buyers.

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The European Union, especially Sarkozy of France and Merkel of Germany want to see strict rules on banker's pay backed up by "the threat of sanctions at the national level." Both leaders see this as an urgent topic for the G20 meeting in Pittsburgh. They want to prevent the reckless lending and risktaking that caused the last financial crisis, where banker's bonuses were based on taking these kinds of risks.

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Krugman says that China fears that a decline in the value of the dollar will reduce the value of the 70% of the $2 trillion in assets it holds, that are in the form of US Treasury bills. This may have been the reason Zhou Xiaocuan, China's central bank governor called for a new currrency to replace the dollar as new "super-sovereign reserve currency." He doesn't think this is likely to happen. Neither is his hope and that of Japan that somehow the two countries can export their way out of current difficulties. The US will not be the market it once was, that is certain. So Krugman says China, Japan, and the Europeans on the issue of the Stimulus are all hoping that things will return to the way they were. Something that is not going to happen. March figures in the US for jobs lost hit an high of 663,000, and this crisis says Krugman has years to run.