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Greece passed what prime minister Samaras called the last of the austerity cuts in November 2012 and called for action by lenders in the EU. The EU's Rehn says it is time to dispel the notion that Greece has not made progress in making the economic changes needed. Finance ministers of the eurozone meeting in Brussels agreed to give Greece two more years to reach deficit reduction targets. The cost of this to the eurozone will be 32.6 billion euros. A $40 billion payment to Greece is still on hold till Nov. 20, 2012. The cuts passed in parliament in November 2012 by the Samaras government will raise 17 billion euros over 4 years. The 2013 budget passed in parliament has cuts of 9.4 billion euros to salaries pensions and benefits, and raises the retirement age from 65 to 67. As of Nov. 2012 the bailout packages to Greece from the eurozone countries are at $240 billion.

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HDFC Bank CEO, Aditya Puri, has succeeded with conservative practices in lending. It is now India's second biggest lender by market value, after the government owned State Bank of India. HDFC's lending to consumers has doubled since 2008 under Puri. He believes in prudent lending and keeps an autographed copy of Michael Lewis's The Big Short in his office. This has enabled Puri to avoid the losses experienced by other banks such ICICI, and with India's growing economy HDFC has profit increases of over 30% for the last decade. HDFC is adding 2 million customers a year, says Puri. The bad loan ratio is estimated to be 0.2% in the third quarter of 2011, one tenth of that at State Bank of India. India's largest mortgage lender, Housing Development Finance Corporation, is the largest shareholder with 23%. Puri says he will focus on growth in India, and will continue to avoid taking the kind of risks that would make depositor's lose sleep at night.

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Flipkart, India's largest online retailer, was started by 2 Amazon executives in 2007. Flipkart has 22 million registered users and hosts 3000 merchants selling products ranging from electronics to clothing. Flipkart sales reached $1 billion in the last 12 months. In July 2014 Flipkart raised $1 billion from a group of investors including Tiger Global Management, Morgan Stanley Investment Management, Singapore's sovereign wealth fund GIC. This follows the raising of $210 million in May 2014 from a group of investors led by DST Global, a Russian investor. Competitors include Amazon and eBay backed SnapDeal. Funds raised will be used to hire more engineers and improve mobile technologies, as over half of sales are made on mobile phones. India's online retail market is expected to grow 11 fold to $23 billion by 2018, according to Nomura brokerage firm. Flipkart earns money by charging merchants a fee for products sold on its online website.

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Efforts in 2014 by Jizhong Energy Company to reduce pollution in the city of Xingtai, population 7.6 million, by closing down the worst polluting plants and installing new equipment. The World Bank put the cost of pollution, including cancer and other health problems, at 9% of gross national income in 2009. The Ministry of Environmental Protection estimates 3.5% of GDP as the cost of pollution in 2010. Xingtai's pollution levels have been recorded by air quality monitors at as high as 30 times China's national standard. Government figures show the PM2.5 in the city's air is 150 micrograms per cubic meter over the last 12 months, more than 4 times the national standard. To get some idea what this means, consider that Fresno, California, with the highest pollution level in the U.S. had PM2.5 level of 18 micrograms per cubic meter. To show it is serious the central government requires the city to post pollution figures online, down to individual smokestacks and exhaust ports.

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The Dec. 2013 CBS/NYT poll showed only 39% overall support the Obama health care law, a majority say it increases their health care costs. 57% of the uninsured without health coverage say it increases their costs and only 20% say it decreases their costs, for the very group it was designed to help. For the uninsured a third say they will not sign up for the law and pay the penalty. Annie Lowrey of the NYT looks at these numbers and says part of the reason for the lack of enthusiasm for the law is the sharp increase in deductible costs of insurance coverage- the percentage of Americans in health insurance plans with deductibles over $1000 has jumped to 38% in 2013 from 18% in 2008, according to a survey by the Henry Kaiser Family Foundation. During these 5 years the average deductible has increased to $1097 from $735. This is happening as incomes are stagnant or declining in inflation adjusted terms for many working Americans.

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Greece gets strong demand for its bond offering in April 2014. A sale of 3 billion euros of bonds maturing in 2019 attracted 20 billion euros in demand. The yield on the 5 year bond was 4.95%. This is the first longer term bond sale since 2010. The yields on bonds issued during the depths of the eurozone crisis for investors had yields close to 20%. This is a huge turning point for Greece's recovery, and shows tangible progress for the efforts of the Samaras government to stabilize Greece's finances and restore growth. With yields on 10 year U.S. Treasury debt at record lows of 2.64% in April 2014, this brings Greek bond yields to within a little over 2 percentage points of U.S. Treasuries, something that would have been unthinkable only one year ago at this time. It also helps stabilize the entire eurozone, after years of turmoil and riots in Greece created the possibility of Greece's return to the drachma.

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Wells Fargo bank's share price reached a high of $51.90 on June 13, 2014, up 14% in Jan-June 2014. Richard Kovacevich arranged the acquisition by Norwest Corp of Wells Fargo & Co. in 1998. Wells Fargo has a 16% share of the mortgage loan business in the U.S., with $36 billion in loans for the first quarter of 2014. It is the third largest bank in deposits, with 6200 branches, the most branches of any bank in the U.S. Wells Fargo performance shows 15 quarters of uninterrupted profit growth, making it the most valued bank at the June share price. Over the last 10 years the stock price is up 76%, the best of any bank including Bank of America, JP Morgan, Citigroup and Morgan Stanley. Compared to the other banks Well Fargo has relied on its mortgage business and marketing traditional banking products aggressively through cross selling, staying away from investment banking and trading businesses.

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U.S. stocks were trading at 22.7 times the total earnings of the companies in the index in March 2013, averaged over the past 10 years and adjusted for inflation, according to data developed by Yale University economist Robert Shiller. This is closer to the average of 19.5 times adjusted earnings seen in the last 50 years. In 2000 the level reached 44 times adjusted earnings. Using operating earnings according to data developed by Howard Silverblatt of S&P Dow Jones Indices, the S&P 500 is 15.9 times operating earnings in March 2013. This compares to 28.4 times in 2000 and a long term average of 18.8 times. The European markets are about 25% cheaper says Zweig, with European shares for Ireland, Italy, France and the UK trading at less than 15 times the average of their long term adusted earnings after inflation. By comparison Japan is at 19 times long term adjusted earnings.

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Rebecca Solnit says the Biden administration has governed very well over the last three years, the Washington Post, NYT, WSJ are showing poor judgement and lack of civic duty in not considering what the two alternative visions of America are today as offered by the candidates in the 2024 election. On climate change alone the differences are vast and if nothing is done the results will be catastrophic with increasing risks of extreme heat, floods and other catastrophes. Because of this and all the work being done under Biden's leadership in manufacturing in America, in rebuilding its infrastructure, and in building leadership in science and chips, the Washington Post, the NYT, WSJ, and the television media have shown an extraordinary degree of incompetence. The Washington Post had a sample of its readers responses which we show today in Lyrarc. Of 5 letters from all parts of the country only one stated the Post's position, the rest all 4 wholeheartedly supported Biden and his overall record, his vision and competent administration. This itself shows that the president has the support of the American people and the Media has the lowest ratings in its entire history somewhere in the 20% level where it has languished for the last two decades as we pointed out in Movement for Global Literacy. ...

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Larry Summers role in developing the Stimulus Plan, the plan that Geithner presented for the banking crisis, and in discussions on a whole range of other issues like housing and the budget. The President calls him Professor, or with his other policy wonks he calls them "propeller heads." Summers is quick to respond nowadays, to drop other things for instance to meet Speaker Pelosi, and is careful to let his boss decide and to give his boss credit. And the President understands his rough edges from Summers' experience at Harvard, and can say "you absolutely do" when Summers overstresses a point with the "I don't want to overstress this". On the lack of bipartisan support for the Stimulus plan in Congress, Summers says "politics are hard to predict", and he says Geithner's plan details when announced will show that it is "tough and ambitious", on the Stimulus Plan he says that the President "has got what I think is the right economic plan." A colleague Romer says Summers is a different person nowadays, with less of the rough edges. Others say he listens nowadays instead of lecturing....

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Senator Mitch McConnell, the Republican Majority leader in the U.S. Senate has come up with a new health care bill that is aimed at winning over reluctant Republican Senators. Two taxes on high income people on 3.8% investment income and a payroll tax of 0.9% on incomes over $200,000 for individuals and $250,000 for couples are retained in this version of the bill, which adds $231 billion over a decade. Some of this is used to offset rising premiums in the new bill, and provide additional funds. The deep cuts to Medicaid are retained and Senator Collins of Maine says she is opposed to the new bill because this will hurt people in rural areas of Maine, and does nothing to change this. Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky is also opposed to the bill. Opposition comes from moderate Senators opposed to deep cuts to Medicaid in Republican health care alternatives to president Obama's Affordable Care Act, and from conservative Senators opposed for other reasons.  Senator Graham of South Carolina and Bill Cassidy of Louisiana introduced their own version just minutes before Mitch McConnell brought up his revised bill. All Democratic Senators are opposed to the Republican bill and call the deep cuts to Medicaid disastrous for lower income people.  ...

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The Third Biennial Update Report at COP26 Glasgow shows where India stands on renewable energy, solar, forest cover enhancement, and improving carbon intensity in its climate change efforts so far.  For instance a 17 times increase in solar in the last 7 years to 45 gigawatts, with target of 450 gigawatts by 2030. In carbon intensity 24% improvement between 2005-2014. Scientist Bhatt presented the report for India's Environment Ministry saying India represented 17% of the world's population and historically 4% of world carbon emissions, today 5%. Improvements of carbon intensity per unit of GDP planned under Mod's plan for 2030 require 45% reduction in carbon intensity by 2030. This suggests the trajectory of China will be avoided where highly polluting parts of industries such as steel and cement were left unregulated and lacking strict supervision leading to rampant pollution in 2000-2021. Mr. Birol, head of the Renewables Energy Agency said on BBC's "Hard Talk" program recently that if you combine all of China's steel and cement factory carbon emissions, that alone would equal the total sum of carbon emissions of the whole European Union today. A quick look at a graph of global carbon emissions trajectories shows three fold increase of China's carbon emissions from about 4 billion tons to 12 billion tons between 2000-2021, the period and the explosion of carbon that is the one activity that singlehandedly created the crisis of climate change today. By comparison US remains at about 6 billion tons of emissions, and EU, US, Britain Japan show flat trajectories. Business, globalization interests, US and European financial interests, and local governments in China that financed this explosion in steel and cement ignored the implications of so much pollution in so short a time through unregulated activities- writing a chapter of failure with most of the world's people left to bear the results of such a failure.  It is this that India plans to correct with a 45% improvement in carbon intensity per unit of GDP by 2030, and nothing could be more important in the government's plan than this. New technologies will be key for this. Modi and India realize how vulnerable India is to floods, drought stricken areas, shortages of water, and climate extremes, and see these plans as critical for healthy growth that benefits all of India's people and regions, It is a long term vision like no other today and sets a new direction for all developing regions of Asia, Latin America and Africa. As India leads the way in new technologies and ambitious programs such as one solar, one world, one grid, these technologies will also break open new paths for the regions of the world that need this most from Brazil to Indonesia.  China too suffers from the impact of so much pollution. Even as early as 2010 reports showed the higher pollution had lowered life expectancy in northern region of China compared to its southern region. Yet the most polluting factories were not removed and only recently is the activity being conducted seriously leading to the shortages of fuel from so much overexpansion in the boom years, and making adjustments done abruptly today more difficult.   ...

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The U.S. Labor Department report shows 156,000 jobs added in September 2016. The unemployment rate increased by a tenth of a percentage point to 5.0%, because of the increase in the total pool of workers, The labor force increased by 3 million workers over the first 9 months of 2016. The labor force participation rate was up by half a percentage point to 62.9% for the year 2016, as it drew more workers who were earlier discouraged to look for work. Wages grew by 2.6% over the year.

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Martin Feldstein gives his observations after his visit to India last month, one of several visits over a number of years. He met with people in business, in the government and private individuals to see where India is and where its headed. He gives his gut feel about what he sees and also his thoughtful assessments of failures and of achievements in areas such as education, telecommunications, electricity, information technology, transportation, industrial development and employment, the political process and of the motivation and determination of private industry, government officials and of the general mood of the country. Its an upbeat assessment and he sees decades of remarkable achievement if the mood and the change he sees is kept up.

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Peggy Noonan reflects on the deep changes taking place in America. Behind the changes is a strong feeling in the middle and working class that it has been ignored by the establishment in both parties. She points to Citizens United and says it is bad for the Republican Party, encouraging large donors and hedge fund billionaires, making the party less accountable to ordinary people. The Clinton's fundraising also raises similar questions. Trade policies depressing wages have worked against the working class, yet espoused by politicians of both parties. The young supporting Sanders, she says have seen little to show capitalism is working for them. Institutions such as Congress, the presidency, the political class, the Supreme Court, the media, are all in an uncertain position, as voters lose faith in the ability of these institutions to work for them. Yet she points out that it is important that the U.S. voters choose wisely- keeping in mind the importance of electing someone who can demonstrate goodness and a sound mind- not obscuring the questions about Trump. Uncouth language, uncouth behaviours reflect sense and sensibilities, it matters a lot, Peggy Noonan tells the Republican Party and America....

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Peggy Noonan, former Special Assistant to Reagan, describes her deeply felt and painful thoughts about the choices in the general election of 2016, as the political discourse deteriorates in the country. She sees the economic distress of the white working class neglected by the elite, she sees the ugly rhetoric during 2016 in the Republican primaries, and sees the rifts and divisions in the country, turning to the old Paul Simon tune for comfort- "The Boy in the Bubble" with its lyrics .... "The way we look to a distant constellation / That's dying in a corner of the sky/ Don't cry, baby, Don't cry."

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Yuka Hayashi's interview with Gen. Shigeru Iwasaki, Chief of the Joint Chiefs of Japan's Self Defence Forces. Iwasaki says Japan will improve its defense capabilities in the southwestern part of Japan and protect Japanese airspace. Japan will increase defense spending under the government of LDP leader Shinzo Abe.

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This is not just offering something to every group, it is rebuilding the middle class when seen in the larger context of rebuilding America's industrial base and taking  it to new heights after losing it to China under Bush-Obama 2000-2016. Under MAGA Trump inequality is tackled just differently from the way Democrats tackled it under Biden. The tax break for auto loans, interest on auto loans is deductible for taxes, is part of the new Tax Bill to appeal to auto workers. It is only applicable to US made cars and this promotes US made cars over foreign factory made cars such as the Germans and Koreans and some Japanese auto makers did before 2025. Reagan scrapped this tax break, it is back under Trump as the Republican base now includes auto workers and the now back to growth mode middle class. The deduction in local and state taxes increases to 30,000 to benefit small business owners. There is also the tax on tips which is removed. Retired people get an added $4000 deduction and not elimination of taxes on social security benefits entirely because of the Bryd rule that prevents changes to retirement with a simple majority vote not the 60 votes in the Senate.  ...

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Long flights of over 15 hours without a stop are becoming niche business with selective routes with strong traffic at both ends and some special characteristics needed to make the profitable. Such is the Continental flights from Newark to Mumbai and Delhi and the Singapore Airlines flights from newark to Singapore. Routes like those to places like Australia of Quanta and Guangzhou of Northwest and United are not looking to be profitable. The reason for the higher fuel cost of long haul flights is that the plane essentially becomes a fuel tanker carrying a lot of fuel and a few people and it takes a lot of fuel to transport all that fuel long distances.