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A sharp drop in men's college enrollment of 62% between 1959 and 2021 has led to women catching up from being way behind which is a good thing, yet the sheer size of this drop has created a new problem for both men and women as Americans. The college enrollment now is 60% women, 40% men- not a good one by any stretch of the imagination.  It is bound to have serious negative effects on women being able to find college educated men to share life's experiences. Yet more profound and insidious is the danger it poses for America's economic prospects and its leadership role in the world. The Biden administration seeks to correct one part of the problem which is the declining access to a college education because of cost. It wants to provide access to  college education at no cost through community colleges. This is only the first step and is part of the $3.5 trillion dollar plan for workers and families in America. A national consensus is needed on such an important issue before the American people- to make America a place of opportunity for all its people.  ...

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Donald Trump's campaign and the Republican National Committee raises $64 million in July 2016 through a digital and mailing effort that helps to bring in a large number of small donations- about two thirds of it. The fund raising effort for Trump brings a total of $82 million in July, just short of the $90 million raised by Hillary Clinton that month. Much of the digital fund raising effort was made possible by efforts made by the RNC to improve its mailing lists since the last presidential campaign. Many of the Trump donations are made from the Trump website buttons of $10, $25, $50, and by an offer to match this with Trump's own personal finances. Hillary Clinton is also ramping up her fund raising. Trump now has $74 million on hand, up from $1.5 million at one point, and Hillary Clinton has $102 million. For the Trump campaign that was far less organized than the Clinton campaign, this is an effort to catch up, though this comes quite late in the campaign with only 3 months left; with advertising rates higher, and not enough time to invest in digital and campaign infrastructure.  ...

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Some of the crude rhetoric at Donald Trump rallies, and use of coarse language, according to the NYT. Working class and older Americans show their anger at a system that appears to have left them behind with slogans, stickers, T-Shirts. The idea of the wall figures in much of this and shows that the wall has become not jut about Mexico but a metaphor that captures this anger, that reflects this anger. Another aspect of the 2016 campaign is that those most vulnerable and most in need of help have not sought the comfort of knowing about programs to improve middle class and working class wages, incomes, to build infrastructure, create jobs, stop companies from shifting jobs overseas, plans for improving accesss to health care and education, to ask for specifics and delivery. This is the supreme irony of the 2016 election campaign that not enough attention is going to what will be done for the middle and working class, and what specifics will be delivered, in what time frame- which is essential for restoring the condition of the American middle and working class to where it was in the 2 decades after the Second World War. ...

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The new prime minister and government ministers put together by Macron in France look more like something from former president Nicholas Sarkozy. Two ministers close to Sarkozy are now Minister for the Interior and Minister for Culture. Macron is veering to the right in an effort to court voters on the right, as his best chance for reelection in 2022. With drop in GDP of 12.5% now predicted in France for 2020 by the IMF, high unemployment of 11.5% for 2021, and job redundancies, Macron faces a tough time as shown in this analysis. Details of the backgrounds of ministers and the way Macron is responding are covered in this  Analysis in the Times. He is less popular today- than the rising star he appeared as in 2017, with only 35% of voters now supporting him. 

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Seen in a larger context, the Biden tax pledge seen from the southern and midwestern and less well off states is not about taxes, it is about federal revenues that build the infrastructure and services in these states that increase the standard of living. This happened in the 1930's and 1940's under FDR and Truman, in the 1950's under Eisenhower, in the 1960's under Kennedy/LBJ. And is happening again under Biden today. Lets not forget that president John F. Kennedy says in his speeches that these regions in America in the 1860's under Lincoln were in development close to what prevailed in the 1960's in India, Ceylon, Chile, Turkey or China. The Biden pledge not to increase taxes on anyone making less than $400,000 is significant because it grasps the situation in America where extraordinary gains in wealth since 1980 have gone only some of it to the top 1-2% in midwestern states and southern states, and most of it to the top 3-5% in coastal states population in the east and west, New York and California, where the finance and tech industry are based. In Michigan and Wisconsin only 2% of households make more than $400,000, in Pennsylvania, Nevada, Arizona and Florida 3%. WSJ shows a map of the US showing this for individual states. The core southern states have 2% of households with incomes over $400,000- including Arkansas, Tennessee, South Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana, Oklahoma, with Mississippi less than 1%. It is only segregation in the late 1960's and culture issues such as abortion that have turned them from Democratic states to Republican states as they were the largest beneficiaries of taxes diverted into investment in these places since FDR/Truman and John Kennedy/LBJ. It was JFK who came up with the phrase "a rising tide lifts all boats" when he opened federally funded projects in Arkansas. Seen objectively the large investments made under Lincoln, FDR/Truman, Kennedy/LBJ from tax revenues are what changed this region from conditions that prevailed in less developed countries that John Kennedy points out in his speeches, true for the midwest, parts of the west, and the southern states alike.  President Kennedy said on Feb. 25, 1963 to the American Bankers Association Symposium on Economic Growth: "Today, many Americans tend to think of developing underdeveloped countries in terms only of faraway nations. But in 1863, even measured by 1963 dollars, our own per capita income--and this should be a source of encouragement to many who are laboring with the problem of underdevelopment in far-off countries--our own per capita income was less than $1 a day, approximately the same as Chile's. Nearly 60 percent of our labor force was engaged in agriculture, the same percentage as is today engaged in the Philippines. An estimated 20 percent of our population was illiterate, the same percentage of the population of Ceylon. Only one-fifth of our 34 million people lived in towns or cities of over 5,000 in population, as is roughly true now of Turkey. In 1863, this Nation had fewer railroad tracks laid than India has today, and its children had a shorter life expectancy than a child born this year in Thailand or Zanzibar."   ...

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 Harris's role for the Border was limited to telling Central American migrants to stay home. Much of the migration was a result of wars started in the Reagan years in Central American states of Nicaragua and San Salvador. This destabilized the region and led to gangs taking over parts of the country in San Salvador and entrenching Castro style regime in Nicaragua, leading to outward migration of young people. As this report points out Harris was supposed to take on decades of such misguided policies in Central America in a few months. A drought hit agricultural coffee regions of Guatemala increasing migration. Her role instead was to ensure several wins. Win No.1 to generate stability setting up the peaceful transfer of power in Guatemala, singling out corrupt regimes. Win No. 2 to generate jobs. US AID and IFDC loans were increased, foreign investment attracted to generate 250,000 jobs. Win No. 3 the increased stability led to gradually declining migration from Central America. What replaced it was Venezuela. And that is a repeat story of Reagan style wars in Central America. Under the Trump Administration the US did not take up the Monroe Doctrine and act directly to support a stable fairly elected government in Venezuela, an obvious solution. Instead going half way- destabilizing the government but then left it on its own. The result about a third of the population leaving the country in these years to Colombia and other parts of Latin America in a immense humanitarian tragedy.  In 2023 Venezuelans not Guatemalans entered at the US Border in large numbers, most of them middle class families that left Venezuela after hyperinflation and mismanagement of the economy. Realizing the danger by January 2024 Biden negotiated with Senate Minority Leader McConnell and his Republican representative Senator Lankford to pass legislation in the Senate closing the Border. All that was needed was the House to act and 30 years of Border problem would be solved.This was blocked in the House by new Speaker Mike Johnson on advice from former president Trump who chose to use the issue in the 2024 election. Biden then used his executive powers to close the Border leading to lower numbers of migrants under Biden by July 2024 than under Trump. Migration Border Czar was never a term used by Democrats in the Obama and Biden years. Biden who also served in a role given migration as one of the issues to handle under Obama, had this as only one of his assignments. Biden played more important roles in foreign policy with his experience as chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for decades. Border policy was made by president Obama and his advisers. The same is true of Harris, Border policy being done by president Biden and his advisers. Similar to Biden's role as VP Harris was given assignment to cover foreign policy and was the US representative at 3 Munich Security Conferences in 2021-2024 following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Chancellor Scholz of Germany said of Harris last week that he had full confidence in Harris as both competent and experienced. ...

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Hillary Clinton tells supporters "we have reached a milestone," as she becomes the first woman to be a major party's nominee for president. She wins 4 of 6 states including New Jersey and California. She wins California by 56.8% to 43.2% for Sanders, and New Jersey by 63.3% to 36.7%. She says about Trump that "My Mother ... taught me to never to back down to a bully.  Which turned out to be pretty good advice." Sanders says his campaign would not support Mr. Trump, "a candidate whose major theme is bigotry."

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Eminent climate ecologist Nicholas Stern says India's commitment by 2070 demonstrates real leadership from Mr. Modi of India.The Guardian says India's commitment to net zero emissions by 2070 is realistic considering that it is decades away from its peak in economic growth and energy consumption compared to US or even China. Energy consumption is expected to grow faster than any other country in the next few years. India's population is also expected to pass that of China as the largest in the world. The Guardian says climate experts who did the modeling have said this was the most realistic scenario for India - to achieve net zero emissions by 2070. This also means India's peak energy emissions will be reached by 2030. Eminent climate ecologist Nicholas Stern says - "This was a very significant moment for the summit. This action might mean India's annual natural greenhouse gas emissions could peak by 2030. This demonstrates real leadership from a country whose emissions per capita are about one third of the global average."  Also significant is Mr. Modi's pledge to deliver on 5 commitments 1. 50% of India's power to be generated by renewable energy by 2030. 2. Increase of 500 gigawatts of renewable energy including solar by 2030. 3. Reducing carbon emissions by 1 billion tons by 2030. 4. Reduce carbon intensity of the economy by 45% by 2030. This relates to how efficiently energy is used to generate 1 unit of economic GDP. With 1.3 billion people India is the third largest emitter of carbon dioxide- at about 3 billion tons- after the US and China. In growth terms this means India is going to grow very differently from the way China did in 2000-2020 with its many highly polluting industrial plants. The head of the US Renewable Energy Agency Mr.Birol says in a BBC intervew that the cement and steel plants alone of China have more emissions than the whole of the European Union's total emissions. Much of this comes from old plants and old technologies with surplus production of steel from what is now a bygone era of excess, inefficiency and chaotic growth. India plans to bring climate change emissions and energy efficiency through renewables into its Gat Shakti master plan for the country's economic.development. ...

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The active role played by Harry Belafonte in the civil rights movement is the subject of this essay in the NYT by Wesley Morris. Belafonte was a close friend of Martin Luther King. Morris calls Harry Belafonte a folk hero who reached audiences of all colors in a subtle way that reminded them of their common humanity. NYT shows Robert Kennedy being interviewed by Belanfonte on television in 1968.

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Strong spending on services, on items like travel and leisure spending is helping the economy avoid a recession in 2023. About $500 billion in excess savings from the pandemic period that Americans have to spend, according to a report from the San Francisco  Federal Reserve Bank, is keeping spending strong in mid 2023. The strong demand for travel also enables airlines and hotels to raise fares and rates.

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Plans of the Biden administration to bring back workers to the workforce in 2023 by increasing worker benefits. The place seen where America is lacking is participation of younger women in the workforce and older people who chose to retire during Covid. Increasing child care and benefits for child care is one line of action. Other approaches are being explored by Brian Deese of Biden's National Economic Council.

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President Biden supports sending American Abrams tanks to Ukraine. Germany would agree to send its Leopard tanks to Ukraine if the US agrees to sending its Abrams tanks. German Defense Minister Pistorius says this does not have to happen at the same time.  German chancellor Scholz does not want to have German tanks as the only western supplied tanks as it would appear that Germany was party to the conflict. 

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Neom, infrastructure development the size of Massachusetts in Saudi Arabia, is a futuristic vision of the Saudi prince Mohammad bin Salman. It includes a75 mile long Mirror line project that is shown here in the WSJ. The cost of the project is about 1 trillion dollars. The Saudi prince sees this as away to diversify the economy away from oil using oil revenues that are high at today's prices.

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The rapid gains in Indian digital public infrastructure have interoperability and can benefit other countries. Digital public infrastructure plays a crucial role in providing inclusive access to public services effectively and efficiently. Countries such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina in Latin America, and countries such as Indonesia and Vietnam in Asia, countries in Africa, can benefit from the Indian experience. This topic  is part of the G-20 discussions in India.

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The restoration of the famous stained glass windows of Notre Dame Cathedral remains a challenge, says this report in FR24. Scientists are working on the 2000 stained glass panels of windows in a lab in the stables of a chateau, east of Paris. They were brought there after the fire two years ago. Some of them go back to the 13th century and remind us of how timeless our surroundings are.

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Boris Johnson says outside 10 Downing Street that it is time now to focus on the task ahead- to bring opportunity to every corner of the country, to do this by investing in the National Health Service, in schools, infrastructure and in public services. He calls for the healing to begin after five weeks of wrangling in the election campaign so that the whole country can come together. 

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The Delta variant is bringing back the sense of how important a role masks play in controlling the pandemic even as more of the population gets vaccinated. Fan filled soccer stadiums and sports activities, entertainment activities, where social distancing is not practiced, is increasing risks of spreading the virus. Mask use is seen as an essential defense in preventing spread of the coronavirus worldwide and in every country.

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Oil cuts of 2 million barrels a day or 2% of global oil production by OPEC Plus will lead to oil prices surging back up to levels seen earlier this year.  Weakening of oil demand with a slowdown in China and the EU was leading to a drop in oil prices from the highs reached this year. OPEC Plus which includes Russia is taking this step to keep oil prices high. 

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Queen Elizabeth opens the Elizabeth Line in London and uses a 6 pound Oyster card. The Crossrail project crosses London from east to west and is the most important London transportation project of decades, the largest infrastructure project in Europe. The total cost 19 billion pounds with 5.1 billion pounds from the government. It was first thought of in the 1800's and part of a Rail study in 1974. 

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Cummins gets 5 wickets, England's top batsmen out for three ducks, two years of preparation show the tension, the need to throw the "million dollar fast ball" as bowler Harmison did in Brisbane in 2006 sending the ball straight to second slip. This time the first ball by Mitchell Starc dismisses Burns. This is the first day of the Australia England Ashes cricket series.

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The US is set to begin a humanitarian airdrop campaign to get aid to residents of Gaza. This did not happen earlier because airdrops would be less than what 250 trucks could bring into Gaza a day from neighboring countries. This happens a day after an incident yesterday of chaotic situations in Gaza involving convoys of aid trucks and civilians. A Jordanian airdrop has dropped tons of aid supplies. 

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Rudy Giuliani, a former mayor of New York City, is one of the defendants in the Georgia indictment of Mr. Trump under RICO racketeer laws. WSJ says in its Editorial Board opinion that the racketeer RICO laws were used by Mr. Giuliani in his days as a New York prosecutor to tackle business cases, and it is an irony that he is now the defendent in such a case.

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Overdevelopment of the office market in Dallas, Houston, and Austin, cities in Texas, presents a problem in combination with the increase in remote work. The office vacancy rate in Texas is 25% in the third quarter of 2023, according to Moody's Analytics, compared to 12% for New York and 17% for San Francisco. The oversupply of buildings for office space was decades in the making, says WSJ.

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After a meeting with 16 state leaders Germany's chancellor Olaf Scholz agreed on tighter restrictions to curb spread of Covid-19. Under new rules only people with two vaccinations plus with a covid negative test or booster shot will be allowed into restaurants and bars. The booster shot vaccination drive will be a major action plan in weeks to come, and Scholz emphasized importance of booster shots.

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Arthur Engoron pursued a music career while he earned degrees from Columbia and New York University, even taking a break from working at 2 NY law firms to pursue music. He worked as a cab driver during college. Engoron is unfazed by having to deal with Mr. Trump's tactics, and by the issues in the inflated values civil fraud case launched by the NY Attorney General Letitia James.